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Evaluation of Water Losses by evaporation in the Nakanbe Basin

Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 2024年第1期14卷 29-41页

作者： Bayala Alfred Kabre Sayouba Yonli Hamma Fabien Chesneau Xavier Thierry Sikoudouin Maurice Ky Zeghmati Belkacem Kieno P. Florent Kam Sié Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences Exactes et Appliquées (UFR/SEA) Laboratoire d’Energies Thermiques Renouvelables (LETRE) Université Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Unité de Formation et de recherche en Science Exactes et Appliquées Centre Universitaire de Kaya (CU-K) Perpignan France Laboratoire de Modélisation Pluridisciplinaire et Simulation Université de Perpignan Via Domitia Perpignan France Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences Exactes et Appliquées (UFR/SEA) Laboratoire de Matériaux et Environnement Uni-versité Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l’ Environnement (LPCE) Université Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

A numerical approach to heat and mass transfer in a large water reservoir is presented. This water reservoir is likened to a parallelepiped reservoir whose vertical and lower walls are adiabatic and impermeable. The equations that govern natural convection in water are solved by the finite volume method and Thomas’salgorithm. The adequacy between the velocity and pressure fields is ensured by the SIMPLE algorithm. We are going to evaluate the water losses by evaporation from three dams in the Nakanbé basin in Burkina Faso for a period of thirty years, that is to say from January 1, 1991, to March 15, 2020. The three dams have a rate of evaporation greater than 40% of the volume of water stored. Indeed the rate of evaporation in each dam increases with the water filling rate in the reservoir: we have observed the following results for each dam in the Nakanbé basin;for the date of 02/27/1988 to 03/13/2020., the Loumbila dam received a total volume of stored water of 22.02 Mm3 and 10.57 Mm3 as the total volume of water evaporated at the same date. At the Ouaga dam (2 + 3), it stored a water volume of 4.06 Mm3 and evaporated 2.03 Mm3 of its storage volume from 01/01/1988 to 05/07/2016. Finally, with regard to the Bagré dam, it stored 745.16 Mm3 of water and 365.13 Mm3 as the volume of water evaporated from 01/01/1993 to 03/31/2020.

关键词： Numerical Study evaporation Meteorological Data Natural Convection Basins Dams

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Regional climate response to global warming in the source region of the Yellow River and its impact on runoff

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第3期67卷 843-855页

作者： Yiran ZHANG Degang ZHOU Xiaofeng GUO Center for Monsoon System Research Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China

The source region of the Yellow River has experienced obvious climate and discharge changes in recent decades due to global warming, which largely affects the water resources and ecological and environmental security in the Yellow River basin. This study analyzed the changes in runoff and several climate factors in the source region of the Yellow River based on the observed discharges at the Tangnag hydrological station, routine meteorological data from China Meteorological Administration(CMA) stations within and near this source region, and several evaporation datasets. The results indicate that the runoff in the source region was relatively abundant from 1960 to 1989 and then declined sharply afterward. It recovered slightly after 2005 but was still below normal—10% less than that during 1960–1989. Similarly, the precipitation amounts in the source region were relatively low in the 1990s, but they increased significantly after 2003, with an average increase of 31.4 mm or 6% more when compared to that in 1960–1989. In addition, the temperatures in the source region continued to rise from 1960 to 2017, and the evaporation levels also showed an upward trend after 1990. The influences of the spatial and temporal variations in climatic factors on runoff in the source region were then further analyzed. The results indicate that the decreases in precipitation and the number of days of heavy rainfall in the source region from 1990 to 2002 were important reasons for the lower runoff during this period. After 2003, the precipitation in the southeastern part of the source region, which is a key area for runoff generation,increased only to a limited extent, but the evaporation in the entire source region generally increased with increasing temperature,which might have led to the low capacity for actual runoff production in each subbasin and persistent low runoff in the source region. Therefore, such a climate response to global warming in the source region might be unfavorable for increased runoff in the future. The above

关键词： The source region of the Yellow River Climate response Runoff variation evaporation Precipitation

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Multifunctional properties of a polar spin chain compound[N(C_(3)H_(7))_(4)][Cu(C_(8)H_(4)NO_(4))]·H_(2)O exhibiting both one-dimensional magnetism and nonlinear optical activity

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第2期35卷 622-625页

作者： Ang Li Yanhong Wang Haotian Tian Alimujiang Yalikun Yves Journaux Min Luo Hongcheng Lu Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia MedicaHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China Key Laboratory of optoelectronic Materials Chemistry and Physics Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of MatterChinese Academy of SciencesFuzhou 35002China Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire IPCMSorbonne UniversitéCNRSParis F-75252France

Functional materials with multiple properties are urgent to be explored to reach high requirements for applications nowadays.In this work,a new multifunctional one-dimensional(1D)chain compound[N(C_(3)H_(7))_(4)][Cu(ohpma)]·H_(2)O 1(ohpma=deprotonated N-(2-hydoxyphenyl)oxamic acid)exhibiting both 1D antiferromagnetic and nonlinear optical properties,which are both originated from the same polar[Cu(C_(8)H_(4)NO_(4))]magnetic units,has been successfully synthesized by evaporation at room temperature.Bis-polydentate nature of the(ohpma)3−ligand with constrained tridentate and bidentate coordination sites conducts Cu^(2+)ions coordinating in different geometries and forms 1D chains along the c axis,which are further separated by the[N(C_(3)H_(7))_(4)]+cations.And the 1D magnetic chains further exhibit noncentrosymmetric polar arrangement.Nonlinear optical study shows polar compound 1 exhibits a discernible second-harmonic generation(SHG)efficiency and the calculation of the partial density of states indicates that the SHG efficiency of 1 is mainly originated from the polar[Cu(C_(8)H_(4)NO_(4))]magnetic units.Moreover,magnetic susceptibility shows a broad maximum around 70 K with strong intrachain interaction of J/k B=−113.0 K but no long-range order is observed down to 2 K,suggesting that 1 shows a good 1D magnetism.Both good 1D magnetism and SHG activity suggest that 1 could be as a potential multifunctional material,particularly.

关键词： Multifunctional properties Magnetic property Nonlinear optical property evaporation One-dimensional chain

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Experimental study on the desulfurization and evaporation characteristics of Ca(OH)_(2) droplets

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2023年第2期54卷 127-135页

作者： Yilin Song Yize Zhang Hao Zhou State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China

The experiments were conducted to focus on the desulfurization and evaporation characteristics of lime slurry droplets at 298-383 K. We designed an evaporation-reaction chamber with quartz glass windows.The monodisperse slurry droplet stream was injected into the evaporation reaction chamber, and the inlet gas components(air, air + SO_(2)) were introduced into the chamber. We applied the magnified digital in-line holography to measure the droplet parameters and calculated the evaporation rate. The effects of temperature, droplet concentration, and SO_(2) concentration on the evaporation rate of Ca(OH)_(2) droplets were discussed. Moreover, the Ca(OH)_(2) droplets under different experimental conditions were sampled,and the droplets were observed and analyzed using an off-line microscope. The evaporation rate of the Ca(OH)_(2) droplet increased at first, and then decreased during the falling process, and remained constant at last. The average evaporation rate of the Ca(OH)_(2) droplets increased significantly with the temperature increasing.

关键词： Magnified digital in-line holography evaporation Gas–liquid absorption reaction Ca(OH)_(2) Micro-droplet

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Improving the Estimation of Salt Distribution during evaporation in Saline Soil by HP1 Model

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地球科学学刊:英文版 2023年第5期34卷 1567-1576页

作者： Qian Liu Yanfeng Liu Menggui Jin Jinlong Zhou P.A.Ferré School of Environmental Studies China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430078China Key Laboratory of Geotechnical Mechanics and Engineering of the Ministry of Water Resources Changjiang River Scientific Research InstituteWuhan 430010China State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430078China College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering Xinjiang Agricultural UniversityUrumqi 830052China Department of Hydrology and Atmospheric Sciences University of ArizonaTucson 85721USA

Restricted by the development of the transient flow and solute reactive transport models for unsaturated soil, empirical functions have been used previously to calculate the mass of dissolved or precipitated salt when they have to be taken into account. Besides, the solute reactive transport process has often been inferred based on measurements that cost lots of time and manpower. HP1 model coupled with PHREEQC provides a suitable tool to improve the estimation of salt distribution during evaporation in saline soil, where the salt dissolution and precipitation cannot be ignored. In this study, we compare the performance of a standard solute transport(SST) model and the HP1 model to examine the improvement of salt distribution estimation. Model results are compared with experimental data sets from four field lysimeters. These columns were exposed to Na Cl solution with different concentrations(3, 30, 100, and 250 g/L) and were undergoing the same strong evaporation boundary condition. The pre-existing Ca SO_(4), Na Cl and Na2SO_(4)loads were 1.15, 0.47 and 0.23 g/(100 g of soil), respectively. Simulation results show that HP1 ameliorates the overestimation of salt content by SST in deeper soil due to the absence of dissolution of pre-existing soluble salts, and prevents the concentration of the solute from exceeding the solubilities which would occur in SST-result. Additionally, HP1-predicted results can help trace the transport process of each solute. Based on the results, we strongly suggest that the management of fields sensitive to salt content should make use of a coupled flow and chemical reaction model.

关键词： saline soil evaporation dissolution and precipitation profile salt estimation HP1 environmental geology

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evaporation of saline colloidal droplet and deposition pattern

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Chinese Physics B 2020年第1期29卷 366-372页

作者：孙弘辉李伟斌纪文杰戴国亮郇勇王育人蓝鼎 National Microgravity Laboratory Institute of MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear MechanicsLNM Institute of MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Engineering Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049 China

The dynamic process of the evaporation and the desiccation of sessile saline colloidal droplets,and their final deposition are investigated.During the evaporation,the movement of the colloidal particles shows a strong dependence on the salt concentration and the droplet shape.The final deposition pattern indicates a weakened coffee-ring effect in this mixed droplet system.The microscopic observation reveals that as evaporation proceeds,the particle motion trail is affected by the salt concentration of the droplet boundary.The Marangoni flow,which is induced by surface tension gradient originating from the local evaporative peripheral salt enrichment,suppresses the compensation flow towards the contact line of the droplet.The inhomogeneous density and concentration field induced by evaporation or crystallization can be the major reason for various micro-flows.At last stage,the distribution and crystallization of Na Cl are affected by the colloidal particles during the drying of the residual liquid film.

关键词： saline droplet evaporation deposition pattern disease diagnosis

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evaporation BEHAVIOR OF COMPONENTS IN Ti-15-3 MELT DURING ISM PROCESS

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中国有色金属学会会刊：英文版 1998年第4期8卷 8-12页

作者： Guo, Jingjie Liu, Yuan Su, Yanqing Ding, Hongsheng Jia, Jun Harbin Inst of Technology Harbin China

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ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＭｅｔａｓｔａｂｌｅβｔｉｔａｎｉｕｍａｌｏｙｓａｒｅｎｏｗｆｉｎｄｉｎｇｐｒｏｇｒｅｓｉｖｅｌｙｍｏｒｅａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｓ，ｅｓｐｅｃｉａｌｙｏｗｉｎｇｔｏｔｈｅｉｒｇｏｏｄｆｏｒｍｉｎｇｐｒｏｐｅｒｔｉｅｓ［１］．Ｔ...

关键词： Ti 15 3 alloy evaporation loss ISM process

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Solution evaporation processed high quality perovskite films

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Science Bulletin 2018年第23期63卷 1591-1596页

作者： Aqiang Liu Kang Liu Huimin Zhou Hongmei Li Xiaoqing Qiu Yang Yi Min Liu School of Physics and Electronics and Key Laboratory of Low-dimensional Quantum Structures and Quantum Control of the Ministry of Education Synergetic Innovation Center for Quantum Effects and Applications Hunan Normal University Institute of Super-microstructure and Ultrafast Process in Advanced Materials School of Physics and Electronics Central South University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Central South University State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy Central South University

Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells(PSCs), due to their high power conversion efficiency(PCE) and low cost, have been considered as one of the most promising photovoltaic devices. Welldistributed large-grain perovskite crystals play an important role for light adsorption and charge transfer.While, high quality perovskite crystals closely relate to the preparation method. Generally, the preparation of perovskite films requires a nitrogen atmosphere and toxic anti-solvents, which hinder their practical applications. Here, we reported a novel and simple solution evaporation process followed with a methylammonium iodide(MAI) solution immersion to prepare high quality perovskite films. Porous lead iodide(PbI_2) films were firstly formed by evaporation of PbI_2 precursor solution. The obtained porous PbI_2 films were completely transformed into well-distributed large-grain perovskite films after a quick MAI solution immersion. As a result, the corresponding PCE was enhanced by 30% compared to that prepared with a regular sequential deposition. This solution evaporation method provides a convenient and practical way for preparing high-quality perovskite films.

关键词： Perovskite Solution evaporation High-quality films Power conversion efficiency

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A water-evaporation-induced self-charging hybrid power unit for application in the Internet of Things

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科学通报：英文版 2019年第19期64卷 1409-1417页

作者： Haoxuan He Tianming Zhao Hongye Guan Tianyan Zhong Hui Zeng Lili Xing Yan Zhang Xinyu Xue School of Physics University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu610054China College of Sciences Northeastern UniversityShenyang110819China

A self-charging hybrid power unit has been developed by integrating a water-evaporation-induced nano- generator with a flexible nano-patterned supercapacitor. The nanogenerator can harvest environmental thermal energy and mechanical energy through the water evaporation process, and the supercapacitor can be charged simultaneously. The former offers stable electrical power as output, whereas the Ppy- based supercapacitor shows a capacitance of 12.497 m F/cm^2 with 96.42% retention after 4,000 cycles. After filling the power unit with water as the fuel, it can be fully charged in about 20 min. The power unit can be flexibly integrated with electronic devices such as sensor nodes and wireless transmitters employ- ing the Internet of Things. This new approach can offer new possibilities in continuous future operation of randomly distributed electronic devices incorporated in the Internet of Things.

关键词： Self-charging Hybrid power unit Water evaporation Nanogenerator Supercapacitor Internet of Things

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evaporation and Combustion of a Drop of Liquid Fuel—A Review

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Smart Grid and Renewable Energy 2022年第2期13卷 28-54页

作者： Dabilgou Téré Tubreoumya Guy Christian Haro Kayaba Bagre Boubou Sandwidi Sayouba Daho Tizane Koulidiati Jean Sanogo Oumar Zeghmati Belkacem Bere Antoine Laboratoire de Physique et de Chimie de l’Environnement (LPCE) Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire de Mathématiques et Physiques (LAMPS) Université de Perpignan via Domitia Perpignan France Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CNRST) Institut de Recherche en Sciences Appliquées et Technologies (IRSAT) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

The accelerated depletion of oil reserves and the often exorbitant cost of fossil fuels contribute to the development of fuels from renewable sources. The objective of this work is to analyze the influence of the properties of renewable fuels on their evaporation in natural convection, their combustion and their use in internal combustion engines. A summary of the various numerical and experimental works from the literature has been presented in this work. This work focuses on the numerical modelling of the natural convection evaporation of an isolated drop of a liquid fuel in natural convection. The transfers in the liquid and vapour phases are described by the conservation equations of mass and species, momentum and energy. The main feature of this work is the consideration of advection, azimuthal angle and thickness of the vapour phase of the drop during evaporation of the drop.

关键词： Drop evaporation Combustion Convection Modelling Temperature

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