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Characteristics of Spatial and Temporal Variations of Monthly Mean Surface Air Temperature over Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

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Chinese Geographical Science 2006年第4期16卷 351-358页

作者： ZHANG Qianggong KANG Shichang YAN Yuping Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China Key Laboratory of Cryosphere and Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China National Climate Center Bering 100081 China

The recorded meteorological data of monthly mean surface air temperature from 72 meteorological stations over the Qinghal-Tibet Plateau in the period of 1960-2003 have been analyzed by using Empirical Orthogonal Function （eof） method, to understand the detailed features of its temporal and spatial variations. The results show that there was a high consistency of the monthly mean surface air temperature, with a secondarily different variation between the north and the south of the plateau. Warming trend has existed at all stations since the 1960s, while the warming rates were different in various zones. The source regions of big rivers had intense warming tendency. June, November and December were the top three fast-warming months since the 1960s; while April, July and September presented dramatic warming tendency during the last decade.

关键词： monthly mean surface air temperature climatic variation eof analysis Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

Estimating the Retrievability of Temperature Profiles from Satellite Infrared Measurements

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2006年第2期23卷 224-234页

作者：黄静邱崇践马刚张艳武 College of Atmospheric Sciences Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 National Satellite Meteorological Center China Meteorological Administration Beijing 100081 Cold and Arid Regions Environment and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000

A method is developed to assess retrievability, namely the retrieval potential for atmospheric temperature profiles, from satellite infrared measurements in clear-sky conditions. This technique is based upon generalized linear inverse theory and empirical orthogonal function analysis. Utilizing the NCEP global temperature reanalysis data in January and July from 1999 to 2003, the retrievabilities obtained with the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder （AIRS） and the High Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder/3 （HIRS/3） sounding channel data are derived respectively for each standard pressure level on a global scale. As an incidental result of this study, the optimum truncation number in the method of generalized linear inverse is deduced too. The results show that the retrievabilities of temperature obtained with the two datasets are similar in spatial distribution and seasonal change characteristics. As for the vertical distribution, the retrievabilities are low in the upper and lower atmosphere, and high between 400 hPa and 850 hPa. For the geographical distribution, the retrievabilities are low in the low-latitude oceanic regions and in some regions in Antarctica, and relatively high in mid-high latitudes and continental regions. Compared with the HIRS/3 data, the retrievability obtained with the AIRS data can be improved by an amount between 0.15 and 0.40.

关键词： meteorological satellites generalized linear inverses temperature profiles eof analysis retrievability

A STUDY ON EQUILIBRIUM COASTAL PROFILES OF THE CLOSE TIDAL FLAT—A Case Study of Fengxian Tidal Flat

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Chinese Geographical Science 2002年第1期12卷 55-60页

作者： LI Heng peng, YANG Gui shan(Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, P.R. China) Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology the Chinese Academy of Sciences 210008 Nanjing P. R. China

The article analyses the temporal spatial changes of profiles by eof (Empirical Orthogonal Function) analysis and DTM analysis of GIS. These profiles, which are not affected by engineering, are chosen from the coast with successive field monitoring data from 1990 to 1999. Temporal and spatial eof indicates the obvious stability of coast profile parameters in Fengxian tidal flat. In spatial scale, high tidal flats and deep water terraces are in a balance state while upper clino with steep slopes are sensitive and the stability is easy to be destroyed. In temporal scale, the erosion and deposition in this area are kept in balance in a whole. There are almost no change below 8- 9.5m. At the same time, it is the lower limit of tidal affection and the erosion and deposition process from it to high tidal flat keep in balance for many years. So the closure depth is appointed to from 8m to 9.5 m (Wusong datum mark).

关键词： silted tidal flat eof analysis equilibrium profile spatial analysis

Climatologic comparison of HadISST1 and TMI sea surface temperature datasets

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Science China Earth Sciences 2011年第8期54卷 1238-1247页

作者： WANG Yu LIU Peng LI TianYi FU YunFei Laboratory of Atmospheric Observation and Climatological Environment School of Earth and Space Sciences University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China

Two monthly datasets of sea surface temperature (SST),TMI SST retrieved from satellite observations by Remote Sensing System and HadISST1 (Hadley Centre Sea-ice and Sea-surface Temperature Data Set Version 1) derived from in situ measurements by Hadley Centre,were compared on climatologic multiple time scales over tropical and subtropical areas from 1998 to *** indicate that there is a good consistency in the horizontal global distribution,with 1.0° resolution on multi-year and multi-season mean scales between the two datasets,and also in the time series of global mean SST ***,there are still some significant differences between the ***,TMI SST is relatively higher than *** addition,the differences between the two datasets show not only remarkable regionality,but also distinct seasonal ***,the maximum departure occurs in summer,while theminimum takes place in *** all seasons,over 30% of the regions in the Tropical and Subtropical areas have a difference of more than 0.3°*** analysis of the SST anomaly field also shows that there are differences between the two datasets,where HadISST1 has more significant statistical characteristics than TMI *** the other hand,results show that the difference between the two datasets is related to the vertical structure of ocean temperatures,as well as other simultaneously retrieved parameters in TMI products,such as wind speed,water vapor,liquid cloud water and rain *** addition,large biases between HadISST1 and TMI SST are found in coastal regions,where TMI SST cannot be accurately retrieved because of polluted microwave signals.

关键词： sea surface temperature HadISST1 TMI eof analysis

Spatial Distribution and Temporal Variation of the Winter Wheat Late Frost Disaster in Henan,China

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Acta meteorologica Sinica 2011年第2期25卷 249-259页

作者：张雪芬郑有飞王春乙陈怀亮任振和邹春辉 Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology Meteorological Observation Centre of CMA Hainan Provincial Meteorological Bureau Henan Provincial Meteorological Bureau Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences

The winter wheat late frost disaster（WFD） occurs mainly in the Yellow and Huaihe River area,of which Henan Province covers the most *** is the major area of wheat production in China,but it is severely hit by the *** this study,we construct a WFD index based on the minimum temperature and the winter wheat development period（WDP）.The WFD degrees and days at 30 agrometeorological stations in Henan Province during the period of 1981-2004 are *** the large-scale temporal variation analysis of WFD,the 24-yr WDP observation series is relatively short,so it is expanded by using the relation between the turning green date of winter wheat and the 5-day running mean temperature and that between the stem elongation phase and the effective cumulative temperature above a critical value of 2.5 ℃.The WFD data are also expanded for the last 50 years and are analyzed by using the empirical orthogonal function（eof） and the Morlet wavelet *** in the spatial distribution and temporal variation of WFD are *** results show that the frequency of WFD is generally high,exceeding 40% in parts of Henan,and exhibits a rising trend in the period of *** variation trend of WFD degrees is similar to that of WFD days,and the areas with higher WFD degrees coincide the areas with more WFD ***,the WFD degree has a greater impact on the winter wheat yield than the WFD *** areas with high WFD degrees lie in the southeast and southwest of Henan,and the areas with low WFD degrees lie in the south of the Huaihe River and parts of western *** variations of the first and second eof modes of the WFD degree display 16-and quasi-22-yr periodicities,*** areas of high（low） WFD frequency are distributed in the northern Henan and the southwest border of Henan（the northeast Henan and the middle part of southwest Henan）.The temporal variation of the first（second） eof mode of WFD days exhibits a periodicity（periodicities

关键词： late frost disaster frost index eof analysis Morlet wavelet analysis

AN EMPIRICAL ORTHOGONAL FUNCTION analysis FOR THE WAVE TRAINS IN EAST ASIAN SUMMER

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Journal of Tropical Meteorology 2010年第3期16卷 231-237页

作者：王亚非何金海李琰祝丽娟 State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology

This study examines the wave trains at 500 hPa occurring in East Asian summer by using the Empirical Orthogonal Function （eof） analysis as a diagnostic tool. The results are summarized as follows：（1） A wave train pattern （OKJ pattern） originating from the upstream areas of the Sea of Okhotsk to the subtropical regions could display its strong signal in early and middle summer. The OKJ pattern is clearly recognized in the first eof component in Eurasia. （2） The other wave train pattern originating fi＇om the Philippines via Japan to North America （the P-J pattern） shows quite strong signals in the whole summer. Although the P-J pattern is described as the second eof component around the area from East Asia to Northeast Pacific Ocean, the variance contribution is the same as that of OKJ pattern in the first eof component. （3） The composite analyses indicate that the OKJ and P-J wave trains could coexist to some extents.

关键词： wave trains East Asian summer eof analysis teleconnection 500 hPa

CHARACTERIZATION AND CAUSAL analysis OF TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL VARIATION IN DRY-WET CONDITIONS IN AUTUMN IN SOUTHWEST CHINA

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Journal of Tropical Meteorology 2015年第1期21卷 55-66页

作者：李栋梁徐栋夫王慧曲巧娜赵晓萌 Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters/Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster of Ministry of Education/School of Atmospheric Science NUIST Meteorological Bureau of Chengdu Shandong Province Institute of Meteorological Science Climate Center of Shaanxi Province

Based on the daily precipitation and temperature data of 97 stations in Southwest China(SW China) from1960 to 2009, a dry-wet index is calculated. The spatiotemporal variation characteristics of dry-wet conditions,precipitation and temperature are studied. Then the abnormal atmospheric circulation characteristics are discussed using reanalysis data. The results show that SW China has exhibited an overall trend of autumnal drought since the late1980 s, and this drought trend became more significant early in the 2000 s, especially in the eastern SW China. Autumnal dry-wet variation in southwestern China showed two major modes: consistent change across the entire region and opposing changes in the eastern and western regions. The spatial distribution of dry-wet anomalies was more significantly affected by precipitation, while temporal variation in dry-wet conditions was more strongly influenced by temperature. The former mode is affected by the anomalies of the precedent SST near the Western Pacific Warm Pool,the Western Pacific Subtropical High, the East Asian Trough and the South Trough. The latter mode is related to the wind anomalies in the eastern SW China and the vertical movement in the western and eastern SW China. These are the main influencing factors for the autumn dry-wet variation in SW China, which are of great significance to the prediction of drought.

关键词： dry-wet characteristics eof analysis Southwest China circulation characteristics SST

analysis of isentropic potential vorticities for the relationship between stratospheric anomalies and the cooling process in China

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Science Bulletin 2015年第7期60卷 726-738,M0004页

作者：陆春晖丁一汇 Laboratory for Climate Studies National Climate Center China Meteorological Administration

We analyze the relationships between strato- spheric polar vortex anomalies and cooling events in eastern China using isentropic reanalysis data from the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts. Daily mean data from 2000 to 2011 are used to explore the effective stratospheric signals. First, diagnoses of the 2009/2010 winter show that after the stratospheric sudden warming （SSW） of the Atlantic-East Asian （AEA） pattern, the stratospheric high isentropic potential vorticity （IPV） center derived from the split polar vortex will move to the northeast of the Eurasian continent. The air mass, accom- panied by some southward and eastward movements and characterized by high IPV values, will be stretched verti- cally, leading to apparent reinforcements of the positive vorticity and the development of acold vortex system in the troposphere. The northerly wind on the western side of the cold vortex can transport cold air southward and down- ward, resulting in this distinct cooling process in eastern China. Secondly, the empirical orthogonal function ana- lyses of IPV anomalies on the 430 K isentropic surface during 2000-2011 winters indicate that the IPV distribution and time series of the first mode are able to represent the polar vortex variation features, which significantly influ- ence cold-air activity in eastern China, especially in the AEA-type SSW winter. When the time series increases significantly, the polar vortex will be split and the high-IPV center will move to the northeast of the Eurasian continent with downward and southward developments, inducing obvious cooling in eastern China. Moreover, all the four times SSW events of AEA pattern from 2000 to 2011 are reflected in the first time series, and after the strong polar vortex disturbances, cooling processes of different inten- sities are observed in eastern China. The cooling can sus- tain at least 1 week. For this reason, the first time series can be used as an available index of polar vortex oscil

关键词： Isentropic potential vorticity Stratospheric sudden warming eof analysis Polarvortex oscillation Cooling process

VARIATIONS OF SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE AND SEA LEVEL PRESSURE OVER PACIFIC AND INDIAN OCEANS AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON COLD SUMMER IN EAST ASIA

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Acta meteorologica Sinica 1993年第2期7卷 147-152页

作者：沙文钰蔡剑平 Air Force Institute of Meteorology

An eof analysis was performed to investigate the variations of sea surface temperature (SST) of Pacific and Indian *** shows that the distribution of SST anomaly exhibits a distinct anticorrelation pattern between Northwest and Southeast Pacific,as well as between Northwest Pacific and the Arabian *** also shows that the sea level pressure (SLP) anomaly between North Pacific and North Indian Oceans is of a seesaw pattern,which we named the North Paci- fic and North Indian Ocean Oscillation (PIO).Such a phenomenon is closely correlated with the cold summer in East Asia.

关键词： sea surface temperature (SST) sea level pressure (SLP) cold summer eof analysis