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西藏交通警察道路执法工作的风险与防范

时代汽车 2024年第12期 184-186页

作者：尼桑拉西藏警官高等专科学校西藏拉萨850000

西藏自治区自然、地理与气候环境复杂且特殊,道路交通环境相对恶劣,这导致当地交通警察道路执法工作面临诸多风险,包括警员人身安全和执法效能等风险。对此,文章对西藏交通警察道路执法工作风险进行了调查分析,从地区环境、警员安全意... 详细信息

西藏自治区自然、地理与气候环境复杂且特殊,道路交通环境相对恶劣,这导致当地交通警察道路执法工作面临诸多风险,包括警员人身安全和执法效能等风险。对此,文章对西藏交通警察道路执法工作风险进行了调查分析,从地区环境、警员安全意识与技能、执法装备、社会宣传和教育等角度探讨了相关风险的成因,针对性相关风险成因,提出从优化警力配置与道路信息推送、加强警员培训、完善警务装备、加强法治化宣传教育等工作来消除相关风险,以期保障警员安全并改善西藏交通环境。

关键词：西藏道路执法信息推送警用装备法治化 harsh which leads to the local traﬃc police road law enforcement work to face a lot of risks including the personal safety of the police oﬃcers and law enforcement eﬀectiveness and other risks. In this regard this paper investigates and analyzes the risks of road law enforcement work of the Xi Zang traﬃc police discusses the causes of the risks from the perspectives of regional environment police safety awareness and skills law enforcement equipment social publicity and education and proposes to eliminate the risks by optimizing the allocation of police force and road information delivery strengthening police training improving police equipment and strengthening the rule of law publicity and education etc. so as to guarantee the safety of police oﬃcers and improve the eﬀectiveness of law enforcement so as to ensure the safety of police oﬃcers and improve the traﬃc environment in Xi Zang.

Effectiveness of enforcement levels of speed limit and drink driving laws and associated factors -Exploratory empirical analysis using a bivariate ordered probit model

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2017年第3期4卷 272-279页

作者： Behram Wali Anwaar Ahmed Shahid Iqbal Arshad Hussain National Institute of Transportation School of Civil and Environmental Engineering National University of Sciencesand Technology Islamabad 44000 Pakistan Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering The University of Tennessee Knoxville TN 37996 USA Military College of Engineering National University of Sciences and Technology Risalpur 24080 Pakistan

The contemporary traffic safety research comprises little information on quantifying the simultaneous association between drink driving and speeding among fatally injured drivers. Potential correlation between driver＇s drink driving and speeding behavior poses a substantial methodological concern which needs investigation. This study therefore focused on investigating the simultaneous impact of socioeconomic factors, fatalities, vehicle ownership, health services and highway agency road safety policies on enforce- ment levels of speed limit and drink driving laws. The effectiveness of enforcement levels of speed limit and drink driving laws has been investigated through development of bivariate ordered probit model using data extricated from WHO＇s global status report on road safety in 2013. The consistent and intuitive parameter estimates along with statisti- cally significant correlation between response outcomes validates the statistical suprem- acy of bivariate ordered probit model. The results revealed that fatalities per thousand registered vehicles, hospital beds per hundred thousand population and road safety pol- icies are associated with a likely medium or high effectiveness of enforcement levels of speed limit and drink driving laws, respectively. Also, the model encapsulates the effect of several other agency related variables and socio-economic status on the response outcomes. Marginal effects are reported for analyzing the impact of such factors on in- terrnediate categories of response outcomes. The results of this study are expected to provide necessary insights to elemental enforcement programs. Also, marginal effects of explanatory variables may provide useful directions for formulating effective policy countermeasures for overcoming driver＇s speeding and drink driving behavior.

关键词： Speed limit law Drink driving law enforcement Road traffic crashes

Mandatory IFRS adoption and management forecasts: The impact of enforcement changes

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China Journal of Accounting Research 2019年第1期12卷 33-61页

作者： Zhaoyang Gu Jeff Ng Albert Tsang School of Accountancy CUHK Business SchoolThe Chinese University of Hong Kong Schulich School of Business York University

We examine how concurrent enforcement changes affect the positive relationship between mandatory IFRS adoption and firms’ voluntary disclosure. We show that the increase in the issuance of management forecasts after IFRS adoption is smaller for firms from IFRS-mandating countries with concurrent enforcement changes than for those from countries without such changes. We find no difference in the increase of forecast informativeness between firms from IFRS-mandating countries without concurrent enforcement changes and firms from non-IFRS-mandating countries; however, firms domiciled in IFRS-mandating countries with concurrent enforcement changes exhibit a significantly smaller increase in forecast informativeness. Our findings suggest that better IFRS enforcement distinctly weakens (strengthens) the positive effect of IFRS adoption on voluntary (mandatory) disclosure.

关键词： Management forecasts Voluntary disclosure Mandatory IFRS adoption Changes in enforcement Information environment

enforcement actions and their effectiveness in securities regulation:Empirical evidence from management earnings forecasts

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China Journal of Accounting Research 2012年第1期5卷 59-81页

作者： Yunling Song Xinwei Ji School of Management Zhejiang University School of Economics Nankai University

Due to resource constraints,securities regulators cannot find or punish all firms that have conducted irregular or even illegal activities(hereafter referred to as fraud).Those who study securities regulations can only find the instances of fraud that have been punished,not those that have not been punished,and it is these unknown cases that would make the best control sample for studies of enforcement action criteria.China's mandatory management earnings forecasts solve this sampling problem.In the A-share market,firms that have not forecasted as mandated are likely in a position to be punished by securities regulators or are attempting to escape punishment,and their identification allows researchers to build suitable study and control samples when examining securities regulations.Our results indicate that enforcement actions taken by securities regulators are selective.The probability that a firm will be punished for irregular management forecasting is significantly related to proxies for survival rates.Specifically,fraudulent firms with lower return on assets(ROAs) or higher cash flow risk are more likely to be punished.Further analysis shows that selective enforcement of regulations has had little positive effect on the quality of listed firms' management forecasts.

关键词： enforcement actions Management earnings forecasts

Sustainable reclamation practices for a large surface coal mine in shortgrass prairie,semiarid environment(Wyoming,USA):case study

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International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 2022年第3期9卷 207-220页

作者： Anna Krzyszowska Waitkus Environmental Consulting LaramieWYUSA

Sustainable reclamation practices for large surface coal mines in USA semiarid environment contribute to the quality of the environmental on a long term basis where environmental resources are protected for future generation.Land,after reclamation,must be suitable for the previous use of greatest economic or social values to the community area.In the semiarid climate of USA,non-developed land is mainly utilized for crops,grazing,and wildlife.Completion of various stages of the reclamation processes includes verifcation and approval of reclamation criteria and performance standards created by state agencies.The sustainable reclamation practices were investigated at the USA’s largest surface coal mine of the semiarid environment in Wyoming.These practices include building post-mining topography to the approximate original contour and reestablish a stable hydrologic system to drain surface water.All available spoil material is backflled and graded to achieve the post-mining topography which closely resembles the pre-mining topography.No overburden material or other coal waste material is left in stockpiles at the mine.Detailed planning until the end of mining,the knowledge of available volumes of suitable backfll material and soil is necessary for sustainable management practices.Diverse and permanent vegetation capable of stabilizing soil surfaces and capable of self-regeneration is established.Sustainable management of the reclamation efort is achieved by enforcement processes developed by the state and federal agencies.Monthly inspections of mining and reclamation operations and reviews of annual reports submitted by the operator help determine if the reclamation processes are occurring according to the permit plan.

关键词： Post-mining topography Revegetation Hydrology Soil salvage Inspections enforcement

Government Regulation,enforcement,and Economic Consequences in a Transition Economy:Empirical Evidence from Chinese Listed Companies Implementing the Split Share Structure Reform

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China Journal of Accounting Research 2009年第1期2卷 71-99页

作者： Dequan Jiang Shangkun Liang Donghua Chen Research Institute of Accounting and Finance Nanjing University

In a changing transition economy, Chinese government regulations that adopt the relatively simple bright line rule formula are enforceable in practice. Taking the early reform-oriented policies of the China Securities Regulatory Commission(CSRC) as an example, we find that the CSRC did not consider local enthusiasm for reform when allocating IPO resources because of the high enforcement costs involved. We also find that CSRC listed company regulations were enforced due to the lower costs involved in verifying regulatory violations, and that listed companies that completed the reform process were given priority in public refinancing. We present empirical evidence supporting the theoretical basis for the hypotheses outlined above. We also conclude that companies that completed the reform process in 2005 were of significantly higher quality and that the SEO regulation did not affect stock market efficiency. These findings enhance our understanding of the efficiency of government regulation in a transition economy.

关键词： Government regulation enforcement Economic consequ

Selective enforcement of regulation

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China Journal of Accounting Research 2011年第Z1期4卷 9-27页

作者： Donghua Chen Dequan Jiang Shangkun Liang Fangping Wang Research Institute of Accounting and Nanjing University

Regulatory agencies may,whether outside of set rules or within their discretion,depart from the original goals or principles set for enforcing the rules,which we term selective enforcement.Taking China,a country in transition,as an example,and using cases and large-sample tests,we present empirical evidence of selective enforcement.The results show that the China Securities Regulatory Commission(CSRC) takes into account whether companies violating the rules have a state-owned background and the strength of that background when investigating and punishing non-compliance.After controlling for the degree of violation,state-owned-enterprises(SOEs) are punished less severely than private companies;and the higher the hierarchy of the SOE in question,the less severe the punishment.It also takes longer for SOEs to be punished.We also find that companies that violate the rules less seriously have a greater tendency to apply for refinancing than those that violate the rules more seriously.This may be because the severity of the violation can affect listed companies' expectations of obtaining refinancing.The analysis and conclusions of this study prove useful in understanding the causes and consequences of selective enforcement in transition economies.

关键词： Selective enforcement Government regulation Violat

Wi-Fi Traffic enforcement System (WiTE)

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Journal of Transportation Technologies 2013年第2期3卷 142-148页

作者： Fady W. Gendi Tarek K. Refaat Amir H. Sadek Ramez M. Daoud Hassanein H. Amer Chahir S. Fahmy Omar M. Kassem Hany M. ElSayed Electronics and Communication Department Cairo University Giza Egypt Electronics Engineering Department American University in Cairo New Cairo Egypt

This paper proposes a single integrated traffic enforcement system that is able to recognize and report various traffic violations. It consists of a Wi-Fi infrastructure that enables communication between moving vehicles and a central node. Unlike existing solutions, which address single violations, the proposed model encompasses several issues like exceeding speed limits, entering a no entry street, car theft, congestion and tolling. OPNET simulations were run to test the Wi-Fi model and define its different characteristics and limitations. A proof-of-concept case was modeled, and the proposed architecture succeeded in meeting all design requirements.

关键词： Wi-Fi Traffic enforcement Vehicular Networking Vehicle to Infrastructure (V2I) Infrastructure to Vehicle (I2V)

EXERCISE OF RESIDUAL DISCRETION UNDER ARTICLE V OF THE NEW YORK CONVENTION BY enforcement COURT WHEN AWARD ISALIVE,DEAD,AND UNDEAD IN SEAT

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China Legal Science 2019年第1期7卷 123-146页

作者：梁景威 Peking University Law School

I.SUPERVISORY COURT AND enforcement COURT In any arbitration under the auspice of the New York Convention(hereinafter referred to as the convention),the court in the country where the award was made',commonly understood to be the seat(member-state)of arbitration,has the right to,in exercising its power to supervisearbitration activities within the seat state including the setting aside of the Convention award having been made therein(hereinafter referred to as the supervisory court).The setting aside of the Convention award is a matter of domestic law of the seat and the power of doing so is the exclusive power of the supervisory court.

关键词： EXERCISE OF RESIDUAL CONVENTION BY enforcement UNDEAD IN SEAT