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EMULSION Polymerization of P (MMA-AA-EA) and Its Demulsifying Performance in Water/Oil EMULSION

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Open Journal of Yangtze Oil and Gas 2019年第3期4卷 212-224页

作者： Xia Jiang Zhiming Huang Yuanzhu Mi Jiazhe Kuang Fan Ye School of Chemistry&Environmental Engineering Yangtze UniversityJingzhouChina Production Optimization China Oilfield Services LimitedTianjinChina

Stable water-in-oil EMULSIONs are produced in oil exploitation and cause many environmental and operational issues.In this paper,a co-polymer demulsifier is reported in detail;an EMULSION polymerization method is used to prepare nano-P(MMA-AA-EA)with MMA,AA and EA as the monomers,DVB as the cross-linker and APS as the initiator.The resulting products are characterized by FT-IR.Furthermore,the surface tension and particles size analysis is investigated.The results show that the surface tension reduction is 10.66 mN/m at 20?C when the concentration of co-polymer is 1000 ppm and the average size is 76.99 nm.Moreover,the HLB of polymer is discussed specifically by changing the amount of AA.With the increase of AA,the HLB value of the polymer is increased accordingly.Besides,the demulsification performance of the co-polymer is also evaluated at different synthesis and demulsification conditions.It is showed that the maximum demulsification efficiency is 96%at 70?C for 60 min.The optimum concentration of demulsifier is 400 ppm when the amounts of AA and DVB are 1.4 g and 0.1 g,respectively.At last,the process of demulsification is showed under a microscope;the coalescence process of water droplets is indicated under the action of the demulsifier.

关键词： EMULSION Polymerization Polymer Demulsifier W/O EMULSION,Demulsifying Efficiency Process of Demulsification

Characterization of a Liquid Crystal Stabilized Pharmaceutical Oil-in-Water EMULSION Optimized for Skin Delivery

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Journal of Cosmetics, Dermatological Sciences and Applications 2018年第4期8卷 207-217页

作者： Melinda J. Sutton David W. Osborne Kevin Dahl Victoria Bax G. Alan Schick Department of Chemistry Missouri State University Springfield MO USA Dow Development Institute Petaluma CA USA KBI Biopharma Boulder CO USA

A moisturizing cream containing 25 wt% of an organic solvent, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether (DEGEE), is observed to be stabilized by an emulsifying wax blend of cetearyl alcohol, dicetyl phosphate, and ceteth-10 phosphate (tradename Crodafos CES). Polarized light microscopy indicates that the Crodafos CES helps to produce a liquid-crystal stabilized oil-in-water EMULSION, which is physically stable for months under accelerated aging conditions and chemically stable over the full topical pH range of 3.5 to 9. EMULSION globule size in the cream is observed to be dependent on the degree of emulsifying wax neutralization, with the globule size decreasing with increasing cream pH. The superior solubilizing properties of DEGEE combined with the full pH range and liquid-crystal stabilizing properties of the Crodafos CES give this formulation the potential for a wide range of applications in the topical delivery of active pharmaceutical ingredients.

关键词： Pharmaceutical EMULSION Skin Delivery Liquid Crystal Stabilized EMULSION Polarized Light Microscopy Topical Formulation

Acceleration of floc-water separation and floc reduction with magnetic nanoparticles during demulsification of complex waste cutting EMULSIONs

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2020年第3期32卷 80-89页

作者： Yongjiao Xiong Xiangfeng Huang Bin Lu Baoqiang Wu Lijun Lu Jia Liu Kaiming Peng College of Environmental Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource ReuseMinistry of Education Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water EnvironmentShanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological SecurityTongji UniversityShanghai200092China

Waste cutting EMULSIONs are difficult to treat efficiently owing to their complex composition and stable emulsified structure.As an important treatment method for EMULSIONs,chemical demulsification is faced with challenges such as low flocs-water separation rates and high sludge production.Hence,in this study,Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles(MNPs)were used to enhance chemical demulsification performance for treating waste cutting EMULSIONs under a magnetic field.The addition of MNPs significantly decreased the time required to attain sludge-water separation and sludge compression equilibrium,from 210 to 20 min.In addition,the volume percentage of sludge produced at the equilibrium state was reduced from 45% to 10%.This excellent flocculation-separation performance was stable over a pH range of 3-11.The magnetization of the flocculants and oil droplets to form a flocculant-MNP-oil droplet composite,and the magnetic transfer of the composite were two key processes that enhanced the separation of cutting EMULSIONs.Specifically,the interactions among MNPs,flocculants,and oil droplets were important in the magnetization process,which was controlled by the structures and properties of the three components.Under the magnetic field,the magnetized flocculant-MNP-oil droplet composites were considerably accelerated and separated from water,and the sludge was simultaneously compressed.Thus,this study expands the applicability of magnetic separation techniques in the treatment of complex waste cutting EMULSIONs.

关键词： Waste cutting EMULSION Magnetic nanoparticle Flocculation Separation Acceleration

Soil Stabilization Using Bitumen EMULSION and Cement Combination as Additive

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Journal of Earth Science and Engineering 2018年第2期8卷 66-74页

作者： AYININUOLA Gbenga Matthew ABIDOYE Shola Paul Department of Civil Engineering University of IbadanIbadan 200284Nigeria

This study examined effect of stabilising lateritic soil with combination of bitumen EMULSION and cement.Soil samples were obtained from borrow pits located in Kwali Area Council in Abuja.Three percentages of additives were considered:4%,6%and 8%.The bitumen EMULSION and cement contents were combined in percentages:100:0,75:25,50:50,25:75 and 0:100 to form five additives.The stabilized soils and unstabilized soils(control)geotechnical properties such as Unconfined Compressive Strength(UCS)test and California Bearing Ration(CBR)test were determined.The UCS and CBR for soil samples A and B were 0.46 MPa and 19.6%,0.95 MPa and 22.6%,respectively.The CBR of soil A at 4%additives of mix proportions 100%/0%,75%/25%,50%/50%,25%/75%and 0%/100%were 49.1%,68.8%,140.5%,172.1%and 218.5%,respectively.The corresponding values for UCS were 0.64,0.66,1.21,1.27 and 1.33.While for 8%additives the CBR for soil B were 78.4%,88.4%,180.5%,224.2%,288.1%and UCS were 0.48,0.68,1.50,2.16 and 2.45,respectively.It was observed that both the UCS and CBR values increased as the cement component increased for both soil samples.Stabilising laterite with mixture of bitumen EMULSION and cement improved the strength of the soil.

关键词： Stabilization unconfined compressive strength test California bearing ratio moisture contents bitumen EMULSION

Characterization and Utilization of Eziulo Clay as an Extender in EMULSION Paint Formulations

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Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering 2017年第4期5卷 174-184页

作者： Isaac O. Igwe Gift Osuoha Chinedu Nwapa Department of Polymer and Textile Engineering Federal University of Technology Owerri Nigeria

A series of EMULSION paint samples were prepared using Eziulo clay as an extender, commercial whiting, and titanium dioxide (TiO2). The clay that was calcined at 850oC and sieved to three particle sizes (0.075, 0.100 and 0.150 mm) was incorporated into EMULSION paints at varying amounts ranging from 5% - 32% of the total extender and pigment in the paints. Poly (vinyl acetate) was used as the binder while distilled water served as the solvent. The Eziulo clay which consisted mostly of silica (63.30%), alumina (19.40%), and iron (III) oxide (2.10%) had the following properties: pH (6.67), specific gravity (2.47) and oil absorption (34.30 g/100 g clay). The colour and solubility of the clay in dilute hydrochloric acid, acetic acid, sodium chloride solution, methanol and distilled water were generally unaffected either in the cold or when heated expect for the slight solubility observed in methanol. The clay formulated paint samples exhibited higher viscosity (7.0 - 7.80 poise) than the paint sample without Eziulo clay (6.60 poise). Conversely, the pH and specific gravity of the paint sample without Eziulo clay were higher than those of paint sample containing the clay. The surface and hard dry times of the formulated paint samples were greater than that of the paint sample without Eziulo clay. The determined surface dry times were within the range, 16 - 18 min, irrespective of clay content and particle size. The hard dry times of the formulated paint samples were found to reverse with increases in clay content. The paint dry film flexibility was unaffected by the incorporation of clay, irrespective of the amount and clay particle size. The EMULSION paint dry films exhibited decreases in film adhesion to substrates with increases in clay content, and increases in film adhesion with increases in clay particle size. The paint dry films did not exhibit any chalking tendency, were resistant to fungal attack, and passed the water drop test. The present study has demonstrated the utility of Eziulo clay in EMULSION paint f

关键词： Extender EMULSION Paint Eziulo Clay Drying Properties Titanium Dioxide Clay Particle Size Characterization

Bio-Diesel Based Additive for Enhancing Flow of EMULSION in Pipeline

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Advances in Chemical Engineering and Science 2016年第3期6卷 288-293页

作者： Fadairo Adesina Anawe Paul Oladepo David Adeyemi Gbadegesin Covenant University Ota Nigeria

EMULSIONs are difficult to transport in the oil and gas industry due to its water content and high viscosity property, thus a need arises to break these EMULSIONs down into lighter EMULSIONs that would make it a lot more suitable for transportation. In this research, biodiesel was synthesized and used to break down relatively viscous EMULSION samples into lighter EMULSION samples. An apparatus was designed with the aim of determining the flowrate of four different samples in different proportions and compositions: 80% oil and 20% water (sample A), 90% sample A + 10% of biodiesel by volume (sample B), 75% of sample A + 25% of biodiesel by volume (sample C), 60% of sample A + 40% biodiesel by volume (sample D). The results showed that it was possible to significantly increase the flow of EMULSIONs by injecting biodiesel, which was acted as a surfactant, resulting in the lowering of the surface tension of the EMULSION sample. The relevance of this research work is validated as it proffers a solution to the transportation of heavy oil and EMULSIONs from all over the world possessing the non-Newtonian flow behavior, which results in serious problems related to its transportation.

关键词： EMULSION Biofuel Flow Enhancement Pipeline Additive

Influence of particle size and ionic strength on the freeze-thaw stability of EMULSIONs stabilized by whey protein isolate

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2022年第4期11卷 922-932页

作者： Hao Lai Fuchao Zhan Yujie Wei Abel W.S.Zongo Sha Jiang Haomin Sui Bin Li Jing Li College of Food Science and Technology Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070China Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology(Huazhong Agricultural University) Ministry of EducationWuhan 430070China

The influence of particle size and ionic strength on the freeze-thaw(FT) stability of EMULSIONs stabilized by whey protein isolate(WPI) was investigated in this study. The destabilization of EMULSIONs during the FT process could be suppressed in a way by decreasing the particle size of the initial EMULSIONs, which was the result of retarding the coalescence between oil droplets. To further improve the FT stability of EMULSIONs, different amounts of Na Cl were added before emulsification. The EMULSIONs with the ionic strength at 30–50 mmol/L exhibited good FT stability. Notably, the ionic strength in this range would not lower the freezing point of EMULSIONs below the freezing temperature used in this study. Salt addition could improve the structural properties of proteins, which was available to strengthen the rigidity and thickness of interfacial layers, sequentially building up the resistance that the destruction of ice crystals to EMULSIONs. Moreover, stronger flocculation between EMULSION droplets could promote the formation of a gel-like network structure dominated by elasticity in the EMULSION system, which might effectively inhibit the movement of droplets, and improve the FT stability of EMULSIONs eventually. The result was of great significance for the preparation of EMULSION-based foods with improved FT stability.

关键词： EMULSION Freeze-thaw stability Whey protein isolate Particle size Ionic strength

Self-assembly of colloidal nanoparticles into encapsulated hollow superstructures

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Aggregate 2022年第1期3卷 188-196页

作者： Chaolumen Wu Zhiwei Li Yaocai Bai Dung To Nosang V.Myung Yadong Yin Department of Chemistry University of CaliforniaRiversideCaliforniaUSA Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Notre DameNotre DameIndianaUSA

As a distinct type of nanocapsules,hollow superstructures of inorganic nanoparticles have attracted increasing attention due to their controllable permeability,convenient functionalization,and efficient surface utilization.Conventionally,they are produced by assembling nanoparticles against expensive sacrificial templates.Herein,a general EMULSION-based method is reported to assemble colloidal nanoparticles into submicron hollow superstructures,involving first co-assembly of colloidal nanoparticles with organic additives to form clusters,then overcoating the clusters with a polymer shell,and finally removing the organic additives and re-dispersing nanoparticles by exposing to a good solvent.The key to the success of this process is the re-assembly of nanoparticles against the polymer shells as driven by the capillary force during solvent evaporation,producing hollow superstructures.Such a space-confined assembly process can be well controlled by choice of solvents and their evaporation rates.This general technique provides an open and low-cost platform for creating hollow superstructures of various inorganic nanoparticles,offering many opportunities for exploring unique applications that can take advantage of the collective properties of the constituent nanoparticles and the permeable nanoshell structures.

关键词： EMULSION hollow superstructures nanoparticles space-confined assembly

One-step fabrication superhydrophobic sand filter for capillary-driven separation of water-in-oil EMULSIONs

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2021年第5期34卷 70-75页

作者： Bao Wang Chaolang Chen Zhaoxin Li Jianfeng Wu Xianglou Liu Jiadao Wang Northeast Petroleum University Daqing 163318China Sate Key Laboratory of Tribology Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

The efficient separation of water-in-oil EMULSION is of significance in environment and energy filed,and it has become a world-wide challenge.Herein,we have presented a one-step,facile and low-cost approach to prepare superhydrophobic sands for efficient separation of water-in-oil EMULSION.The as-prepared sand layers possessed a water contact angle higher than 151°,demonstrating their superior superhydrophobic property.Besides,the as-prepared sand layers could separate water-in-EMULSIONs with separation efficiency up to 99.7%,which is superior to both traditional and superwettable filtration membranes.The effect of thickness of sand layer on separation performance was also investigated.The results showed that the filtration flux decreased with the increased of filtration thickness while the separation efficiency increased.The as-prepared sand layer proposed by this study is a processing candidate for separating water-in-oil EMULSION in practical industry.Additionally,the as-prepared superhydrophobic sand fabrication method also provides an alternative for desert water storage.

关键词： Separation Filtration Superhydrophobic sand Preparation EMULSION