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electricity as an Energy Vector: A Performance Comparison with Hydrogen and Biodiesel in Italy

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Open Journal of Energy Efficiency 2024年第1期13卷 1-24页

作者： Emiliano Finocchi LUISS Business School Universit&#224 LUISS Guido Carli Rome Italy

This study presents a comparative analysis of electricity, hydrogen, and biodiesel as energy vectors, with a focus on powering an aluminum smelter in southern Italy. It evaluates these vectors in terms of efficiency, land requirements for carbon-neutral energy production, and capital expenditure, providing insights throughout the entire supply chain (upstream, midstream, and downstream) into their feasibility for industrial applications. The research reveals that biodiesel, despite being carbon neutral, is impractical due to extensive land requirements and lower efficiency if compared to other vectors. Hydrogen, downstream explored in two forms as thermal power generation and fuel cell technology, shows lower efficiency and higher capital expenditure compared to electricity. Additionally, green hydrogen production’s land requirements significantly exceed those of electricity-based systems. electricity emerges as the most viable option, offering an overall higher efficiency, lower land requirements for its green production, and comparatively lower capital expenditure. The study’s findings highlight the importance of a holistic assessment of energy vectors, considering economic, environmental, and practical aspects along the entire energy supply chain, especially in industrial applications where the balance of these factors is crucial for long-term sustainability and feasibility. This comprehensive analysis provides valuable guidance for similar industrial applications, emphasizing the need for a balanced approach in the selection of energy vectors.

关键词： Electrification Hydrogen Energy Efficiency Renewables Decarbonization electricity

Valorization of Agricultural Residues for Hydrogen-Based electricity Generation towards Circular Bioeconomy

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Open Journal of Energy Efficiency 2024年第2期13卷 57-78页

作者： Patience Afi Seglah Komikouma Apelike Wobuibe Neglo International Education School III Guangzhou College of Technology and Business Foshan China School of Foreign Languages Guangzhou College of Technology and Business Guangzhou China Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing China Institute of Agricultural Economics and Development Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing China

Global crises, notably climate shocks, degraded ecosystems, and growing energy demand, enforce sustainable production and consumption pathways. A circular bioeconomy offers the opportunities to actualize resource and eco-efficiency enhancement, valorization of waste streams, reduction of fossil energy and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Albeit biomass resources are a potential feedstock for bio-hydrogen (bio-H2) production, Ghana’s agricultural residues are not fully utilized. This paper examines the economic and environmental impact of bio-H2 electricity generation using agricultural residues in Ghana. The bio-H2 potential was determined based on biogas steam reforming (BSR). The research highlights that BSR could generate 2617 kt of bio-H2, corresponding to 2.78% of the global hydrogen demand. Yam and maize residues contribute 50.47% of the bio-H2 produced, while millet residues have the most negligible share. A tonne of residues could produce 16.59 kg of bio-H2 and 29.83 kWh of electricity. A total of 4,705.89 GWh of electricity produced could replace the consumption of 21.92% of Ghana’s electricity. The economic viability reveals that electricity cost is $0.174/kWh and has a positive net present value of $2135550609.45 with a benefit-to-cost ratio of 1.26. The fossil diesel displaced is 1421.09 ML, and 3862.55 kt CO2eq of carbon emissions decreased corresponding to an annual reduction potential of 386.26 kt CO2eq. This accounts for reducing 10.26% of Ghana’s GHG emissions. The study demonstrates that hydrogen-based electricity production as an energy transition is a strategic innovation pillar to advance the circular bioeconomy and achieve sustainable development goals.

关键词： Agricultural Residues Biogas Steam Reforming Bio-Hydrogen electricity Circular Bioeconomy

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electricity

科学大众(中学生) 2004年第4期 43-43页

本栏目欢迎你将英文短文译成中文,在当月的30日之前寄给我们,或者发电子邮件至:kxdz@***,我们每期将评出优秀译稿,并从中选择一篇在下期刊登。优胜者名单隔期公布,并可获得一份精美纪念品。来稿请注明“你翻我译”栏目。

关键词：电子邮件纪念品 electricity

electricity price forecasting using generalized regression neural network based on principal components analysis

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Journal of Central South University 2008年第S2期15卷 316-320页

作者：牛东晓刘达邢棉 School of Business Administration North China Electric Power University School of Mathematics and Physics North China Electric Power University

A combined model based on principal components analysis (PCA) and generalized regression neural network (GRNN) was adopted to forecast electricity price in day-ahead electricity market. PCA was applied to mine the main influence on day-ahead price, avoiding the strong correlation between the input factors that might influence electricity price, such as the load of the forecasting hour, other history loads and prices, weather and temperature; then GRNN was employed to forecast electricity price according to the main information extracted by PCA. To prove the efficiency of the combined model, a case from PJM (Pennsylvania-New Jersey-Maryland) day-ahead electricity market was evaluated. Compared to back-propagation (BP) neural network and standard GRNN, the combined method reduces the mean absolute percentage error about 3%.

关键词： electricity price forecasting generalized regression neural network principal components analysis

CVaR-based stochastic wind-thermal generation coordination for Turkish electricity market

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2019年第5期7卷 1307-1318页

作者： Aycan AYDOGDU Osman Bulent TOR Ali Nezih GUVEN Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Middle East Technical UniversityAnkara 06800Turkey The Bucharest University of Economic Studies BucharestRomania

Uncertainties in wind power forecasting,dayahead and imbalance prices for the next day possess a great deal of risks for the profit of generation companies participating in a day-ahead electricity *** companies are exposed to imbalance penalties in the balancing market for unordered mismatches between associated day-ahead power schedule and real-time *** of wind and thermal power plants alleviates the risks raised from wind *** paper proposes a novel optimal coordination strategy by balancing wind power forecasting deviations with thermal units in the Turkish day-ahead electricity *** main focus of this study is to provide an optimal trade-off between the expected profit and the risk under wind uncertainty through conditional value at risk(CVa R)*** problem is formulated as a two-stage mixed-integer stochastic programming problem,where scenario-based wind power approach is used to handle the stochasticity of the wind *** programming approach is utilized to attain the commitment status of thermal *** of the coordination with different day-ahead bidding strategies and trade-off between expected profit and CVa R are examined with comparative scenario studies.

关键词： Conditional value at risk(CVaR) Windthermal coordination electricity market Wind power Thermal power

Heating Characteristics and Economic Analysis of a Controllable On-Demand Heating System Based on Off-Peak electricity Energy Storage

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Journal of Thermal Science 2020年第2期29卷 343-351页

作者： YIN Shaowu SHI Yongle TONG Lige LIU Chuanping WANG Li DING Yulong School of Energy and Environmental Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Saving and Emission Reduction in Metallurgical Industry University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China College of Chemical Engineering University of BirminghamBirmingham B152TTUK

The working principle of a controllable on-demand heating system based on off-peak electricity energy storage(COHSBOEES) is as follows: the cheap off-peak electricity energy is converted into heat energy for storage in the evening, and the heat energy can be extracted on demand for heating during daytime peak or flat electricity periods. This technology can promote the smooth operation of the power grid, solve the problem of peak regulation for the electrical network, and promote renewable energy consumption. Based on the controllable on-demand heating strategy, a COHSBOEES for a heating area of 1000 m^2 was designed and built. Variations in the energy consumption and operating cost of the COHSBOEES in different heating situations were analyzed. The results showed that, off-peak electricity energy storage for heating was energy saving in comparison with central heating when the heating intensity of the COHSBOEES was 70 W/m^2 and the on-demand heating rate was less than 73.0%, and the off-peak electricity energy storage for heating was energy saving at any on-demand heating rate when the COHSBOEES had a heating intensity of 50 W/m^2. After the COHSBOEES has been running for three complete heating seasons, when the off-peak electricity price was 0.25 yuan/kW·h, the energy consumption cost of the COHSBOEES can be saved by 77.6% in comparison with central heating.

关键词： energy storage on-demand heating off-peak electricity heating characteristics heat storage characteristics

Reliability evaluation of integrated electricity–gas system utilizing network equivalent and integrated optimal power flow techniques

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2019年第6期7卷 1523-1535页

作者： Sheng WANG Yi DING Chengjin YE Can WAN Yuchang MO College of Electrical Engineering Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina School of Mathematical Sciences Huaqiao UniversityQuanzhouChina

The wide utilization of gas-fired generation and the rapid development of power-to-gas technologies have led to the intensified integration of electricity and gas *** random failures of components in either electricity or gas system may have a considerable impact on the reliabilities of both ***,it is necessary to evaluate the reliabilities of electricity and gas systems considering their *** this paper,a novel reliability evaluation method for integrated electricity-gas systems(IEGSs)is ***,reliability network equivalents are utilized to represent reliability models of gas-fired generating units,gas sources(GSs),power-to-gas facilities,and other conventional generating units in IEGS.A contingency management schema is then developed considering the coupling between electricity and gas systems based on an optimal power flow ***,the time-sequential Monte Carlo simulation approach is used to model the chronological characteristics of the corresponding reliability network *** proposed method is capable to evaluate customers’reliabilities in IEGS,which is illustrated on an integrated IEEE Reliability Test System and Belgium gas transmission system.

关键词： Integrated electricity–gas system Integrated electricity and gas optimal power flow Reliability network equivalent Time-sequential Monte Carlo simulation

A Review of Atmospheric electricity Research in China from 2011 to 2018

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2019年第9期36卷 994-1014页

作者： Xiushu QIE Yijun ZHANG Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences and Institute of Atmospheric Sciences Fudan UniversityShanghai 200438China Collaborative Innovation Centre on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China College of Earth and Planetary Science University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

Atmospheric electricity research has been conducted actively in China,having profited from the development and application of high temporal and spatial resolution lightning detection and location *** paper reviews the scientific advances made in the field of atmospheric electricity in China from 2011 to 2018,covering the following five aspects:(1)lightning detection and location techniques;(2)discharge processes and parameters associated with rocket-triggered lightning;(3)physical processes in natural lightning and attachment to the ground;(4)lightning activities and charge structure in different thunderstorms;and(5)effects of thunderstorms on the upper *** addition,some outstanding questions for future research are outlined.

关键词： atmospheric electricity lightning thunderstorm lightning location techniques

Preventive reinforcement under uncertainty for islanded microgrids with electricity and natural gas networks

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2018年第6期6卷 1223-1233页

作者： Saeed D.MANSHADI Mohammad E.KHODAYAR Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering San Diego State University Department of Electrical Engineering Southern Methodist University

This paper presents an approach to determine the vulnerable components in the electricity and natural gas networks of an islanded microgrid that is exposed to deliberate disruptions. The vulnerable components in the microgrid are identified by solving a bi-level optimization problem. The objective of the upper-level problem(the attacker's objective) is to maximize the expected operation cost of microgrid by capturing the penalties associated with the curtailed electricity and heat demands as a result of the disruption. In the lower-level problem, the adverse effects of disruptions and outages in the electricity and natural gas networks are mitigated by leveraging the available resources in the microgrid(the defender's objective). The uncertainties in the electricity and heat demand profiles were captured by introducing scenarios with certain probabilities. The formulated bi-level optimization problem provides effective guidelines for the microgrid operator to adopt the reinforcement strategies in the interdependent natural gas and electricity distribution networks and improve the resilience of energy supply. The presented case study shows that as more components are reinforced in the interdependent energy networks, the reinforcement cost is increased and the expected operation cost as a result of disruption is decreased.

关键词： Microgrid Reinforcement Natural gas electricity Deliberate disruption Uncertainty