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A glycine-rich nuclear effector VdCE51 of Verticillium dahliae suppresses plant immune responses by inhibiting the accumulation of GhTRXH2

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The Crop Journal 2024年第4期12卷 1137-1149页

作者： Chi Li Yingqi Huang Wenjing Shang Jieyin Chen Steven J.Klosterman Krishna V.Subbarao Jun Qin Xiaoping Hu State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of EducationKey Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on the Loess Plateau of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsCollege of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100ShaanxiChina State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests Institute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100193China Western Agricultural Research Center Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesChangji 831100XinjiangChina Agricultural Research Service United States Department of AgricultureSalinasCA 93905USA Department of Plant Pathology University of CaliforniaDavisc/o United States Agricultural Research StationSalinasCA 93905USA

Verticillium dahliae is an important soil-borne fungal pathogen that causes great yield losses in many cash *** of this fungus are known to regulate plant immunity but the mechanism much remains unclear.A glycine-rich nuclear effector,VdCE51,was able to suppress immune responses in tobacco against Botrytis cinerea and Sclerotinia *** effector was a required factor for full virulence of ***,and its nuclear localization was a requisite for suppressing plant *** thioredoxin GhTRXH2,identified as a positive regulator of plant immunity,was a host target of *** findings show a virulence regulating mechanism whereby the secreted nuclear effector VdCE51 interferes with the transcription of PR genes,and the SA signaling pathway by inhibiting the accumulation of GhTRXH2,thus suppressing plant immunity.

关键词： Verticillium dahliae Plant immunity effector Thioredoxin

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The Phantom Menace:latest findings on effector biology in the rice blast fungus

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aBIOTECH 2023年第2期4卷 140-154页

作者： Jessie Fernandez Department of Microbiology and Cell Science at University of Florida-Institute of Food and Agricultural Science GainesvilleFL 32611USA

Magnaporthe oryzae is a hemibiotrophic fungus responsible for the economically devastating and recalcitrant rice blast ***,the blast fungus is not only restricted to rice plants as it can also infect wheat,millet,and other *** previous outstanding discoveries aimed to understand and control the disease,the fungus remains one of the most important pathogens that threatens global food *** cause disease,*** initiates morphological changes to attach,penetrate,and colonize rice cells,all while suppressing plant immune defenses that would otherwise hinder its *** such,*** actively secretes a battery of small proteins called“effectors”to manipulate host *** this review,we summarize the latest findings in effector identification,expression,regulation,and *** review the most studied effectors and their roles in ***,we discern the current methodologies to structurally catalog effectors,and we highlight the importance of climate change and its impact on the future of rice blast disease.

关键词： Rice blast effector Secretion Computational analysis Plant immunity Climate change

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The Puccinia striiformis effector Hasp98 facilitates pathogenicity by blocking the kinase activity of wheat TaMAPK4

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2023年第1期65卷 249-264页

作者： Jinping Wei Xiaodong Wang Zeyu Hu Xiaojie Wang Jialiu Wang Jianfeng Wang Xueling Huang Zhensheng Kang Chunlei Tang State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection Northwest A&F University Yangling 712100 China Pioneering Innovation Center for Wheat Stress Tolerance Improvement State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100 China State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas Northwest A&F University Yangling 712100 China

The obligate biotrophic fungus Puccinia striiformis ***(Pst)employs virulence effectors to disturb host immunity and causes devastating stripe rust ***,our understanding of how Pst effectors regulate host defense responses remains *** this study,we determined that the Pst effector Hasp98,which is highly expressed in Pst haustoria,inhibits plant immune responses triggered by flg22or nonpathogenic *** of Hasp98 in wheat(Triticum aestivum)suppressed avirulent Pst-triggered immunity,leading to decreased H2O2accumulation and promoting *** infection,whereas stable silencing of Hasp98 impaired *** ***98 interacts with the wheat mitogenactivated protein kinase TaMAPK4,a positive regulator of plant resistance to stripe *** conserved TEY motif of TaMAPK4 is important for its kinase activity,which is required for the resistance *** demonstrate that Hasp98inhibits the kinase activity of TaMAPK4 and that the stable silencing of TaMAPK4 compromises wheat resistance against *** results suggest that Hasp98 acts as a virulence effector to interfere with the MAPK signaling pathway in wheat,thereby promoting *** infection.

关键词： effector MAPK plant immunity Puccinia striiformis f.sp.tritici

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A Meloidogyne incognita effector Minc03329 suppresses plant immunity and promotes parasitism

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2023年第3期22卷 799-811页

作者： ZHOU Jing-jing ZHANG Xiao-ping LIU Rui LING Jian LI Yan YANG Yu-hong XIE Bing-yan ZHAO Jian-long MAO Zhen-chuan State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding Institute of Vegetables and FlowersChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081P.R.China

Meloidogyne incognita is a devastating plant-parasitic *** play important roles during the stages of nematodes infection and parasitism,but their molecular functions remain largely *** this study,we characterized a new effector,Minc03329,which contains signal peptide for secretion and a C-type lectin *** yeast signal sequence trap experiments indicated that the signal peptide of Minc03329 is *** situ hybridization showed that Minc03329 was specifically expressed in the subventral esophageal ***-time qPCR confirmed that the expression level of Minc03329 transcript was significantly increased in pre-parasitic and parasitic second-stage juveniles(pre-J2s and par-J2s).Tobacco rattle virus(TRV)-mediated gene silencing of Minc03329 in host plants largely reduced the pathogenicity of *** the contrary,ectopic expression of Minc03329 in Arabidopsis thaliana significantly increased plant susceptibility to *** expression of Minc03329 in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves suppressed the programmed cell death triggered by the pro-apoptotic protein ***,the transcriptome analysis of Minc03329-transgenic Arabidopsis and wild type revealed that many defense-related genes were significantly ***,some different expressed genes were involved in the formation of nematode feeding *** results revealed that Minc03329 is an important effector for ***,suppressing host defense response and promoting pathogenicity.

关键词： Meloidogyne incognita effector C-type lectin pathogenicity plant immunity

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The new effector AbSCP1 of foliar nematode(Aphelenchoides besseyi) is required for parasitism rice

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2022年第4期21卷 1084-1093页

作者： HUANG Xin CHI Yuan-kai Addisie Abate BIRHAN ZHAO Wei QI Ren-de PENG De-liang Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-products Safety Anhui Academy of Agricultural SciencesHefei 230001P.R.China State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests Institute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100193P.R.China Agricultural Biotechnology Directorate Ethiopian Biotechnology InstituteAddis Ababa 5954Ethiopia

Plant parasitic nematodes secrete effector proteins to parasitize hosts successfully. Of these proteins, serine carboxypeptidases have critical roles in pathogenicity. This study investigated the role of new effector AbSCP1 in Aphelenchoides besseyi pathogenicity. In situ hybridization and qRT-PCR analyses indicated that AbSCP1 was exclusively expressed in the esophageal glands and upregulated in juveniles. Subcellular localization assays indicated that the protein was expressed in the nucleus. The ability to hydrolyze C-terminal amino acid residues was proven for AbSCP1. Moreover, RNAi significantly reduced the expression of AbSCP1 and RNAi-treated nematodes’ reproductive potential. Pathogenicity assays on rice showed that RNAi-treated nematodes were less pathogenic than the untreated control groups. These results suggest the important role of AbSCP1 in the A. besseyi infection process.

关键词： Aphelenchoides besseyi serine carboxypeptidases effector nematode pathogenicity

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The Phytophthora effector Avh94 manipulates host jasmonic acid signaling to promote infection

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2022年第11期64卷 2199-2210页

作者： Yao Zhao Bo Yang Huawei Xu Jinbin Wu Zhiyang Xu Yuanchao Wang Department of Plant Pathology Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China College of Grassland Science Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China

The oomycete pathogen Phytophthora sojae is a causal agent of soybean root *** colonization of soybeans,*** secretes various RXLR effectors to suppress host immune responses,supporting successful *** research has demonstrated that the RXLR effector Avh94 functions as a virulence effector,but the molecular mechanism underlying its role in virulence remains ***,we demonstrate that Avh94 overexpression in plants and pathogens promotes Phytophthora ***94 interacts with soybean JAZ1/2,which is a repressor of jasmonic acid(JA)***94 stabilizes JAZ1/2 to inhibit JA signaling and silencing of JAZ1/2 enhances soybean resistance against ***,*** lines overexpressing Avh94 inhibit JA ***,exogenous application of methyl jasmonate improves plant resistance to *** together,these findings suggest that *** employs an RXLR effector to hijack JA signaling and thereby promote infection.

关键词： effector JA signaling Phytophthora pathogen plant immunity

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Puccinia triticina effector protein Pt_21 interacts with wheat thaumatin-like protein TaTLP1 to inhibit its antifungal activity and suppress wheat apoplast immunity

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作物学报:英文版 2023年第5期11卷 1431-1440页

作者： Fei Wang Songsong Shen Zhongchi Cui Shitao Yuan Ping Qu Hui Jia Linshuo Meng Xiaoyu Hao Daqun Liu Lisong Ma Haiyan Wang College of Plant Protection Hebei Agricultural University/Technological Innovation Center for Biological Control of Crop Diseases and Insect Pests of Hebei ProvinceBaoding 071001HebeiChina Center of Agriculture Through Science and Education Hebei Agricultural UniversityBaoding 071001HebeiChina The State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation Hebei Agricultural UniversityBaoding 071001HebeiChina

Puccinia triticina(Pt), as the causal agent of wheat leaf rust, employs a plethora of effector proteins to modulate wheat immunity for successful colonization. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying Pt effector-mediated wheat susceptibility remains largely unexplored. In this study, an effector Pt_21 was identified to interact with the apoplast-localized wheat thaumatin-like protein TaTLP1 using a yeast two-hybrid assay and the Pt_21-TaTLP1 interaction was characterized. The interaction between Pt_21 and TaTLP1 was validated by in vivo co-immunoprecipitation assay. A TaTLP1 variant,TaTLP1C71A, that was identified by the site-directed mutagenesis failed to interact with Pt_21. Pt_21was able to suppress Bax-mediated cell death in leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana and inhibit TaTLP1-mediated antifungal activity. Furthermore, infiltration of recombinant protein Pt_21 into leaves of transgenic wheat line overexpressing TaTLP1 enhanced the disease development of leaf rust compared to that in wild-type leaves. These findings demonstrate that Pt_21 suppresses host defense response by directly targeting wheat TaTLP1 and inhibiting its antifungal activity, which broadens our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying Pt effector-mediated susceptibility in wheat.

关键词： Wheat Puccinia triticina effector Thaumatin-like protein Anitifungal activity

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The bacterial effector AvrRxo1 inhibits vitamin B6 biosynthesis to promote infection in rice

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Plant Communications 2022年第3期3卷 89-101页

作者： Haifeng Liu Chongchong Lu Yang Li Tao Wu Baogang Zhang Baoyou Liu Wenjie Feng Qian Xu Hansong Dong Shengyang He Zhaohui Chu Xinhua Ding State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect PestsCollege of Plant ProtectionShandong Agricultural UniversityTai an271018 ShandongPR China College of Agronomy Shandong Agricultural UniversityTai an271018 ShandongPR China Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824USA Department of Biology Duke UniversityDurhamNC 27708USA Howard Hughes Medical Institute Duke UniversityDurhamNC 27708USA State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice College of Life SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhan430072 HubeiPR China

Xanthomonas oryzae ***(Xoc),which causes rice bacterial leaf streak,invades leaves mainly through stomata,which are often closed as a plant immune response against pathogen *** Xoc overcomes stomatal immunity is ***,we show that the effector protein AvrRxo1,an ATPdependent protease,enhances Xoc virulence and inhibits stomatal immunity by targeting and degrading rice OsPDX1(pyridoxal phosphate synthase),thereby reducing vitamin B6(VB6)levels in ***6 is required for the activity of aldehyde oxidase,which catalyzes the last step of abscisic acid(ABA)biosynthesis,and ABA positively regulates rice stomatal immunity against ***,we provide evidence supporting a model in which a major bacterial pathogen inhibits plant stomatal immunity by directly targeting VB6 biosynthesis and consequently inhibiting the biosynthesis of ABA in guard cells to open ***,AvrRxo1-mediated VB6 targeting also explains the poor nutritional quality,including low VB6 levels,of Xoc-infected rice grains.

关键词： rice bacterial leaf streak effector stomatal immunity pyridoxal phosphate synthase vitamin B6(VB6) abscisic acid(ABA)

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The secretory Candida effector Sce1 licenses fungal virulence by masking the immunogenicβ-1,3-glucan and promoting apoptosis of the host cells

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微生物(英文) 2023年第2期2卷 159-177页

作者： Hongyu Wu Li Wang Wenjuan Wang Zhugui Shao Xin-Ming Jia Hui Xiao Jiangye Chen State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyCenter for Excellence in Molecular Cell ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina The Center for Microbes Development and HealthInstitut Pasteur of ShanghaiChinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina Clinical Medicine Scientific and Technical Innovation Center Shanghai Tenth People's HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province and Department of Immunology School of Biomedical SciencesShandong UniversityJinanChina

Candida albicans deploys a variety of mechanisms such as morphological switch and elicitor release to promote ***,the intricate interactions between the fungus and the host remain poorly understood,and a comprehensive inventory of fungal virulence factors has yet to be *** this study,we identified a *** secretory effector protein Sce1,whose induction and secretion are associated with vagina‐simulative conditions and chlamydospore *** alignment showed that Sce1 belongs to a Pir family in ***,which is conserved across several fungi and primarily characterized as aβ‐glucan binding protein in the Saccharomyces ***,Sce1 is primarily localized to the cell wall in a cleaved form as an alkali‐labileβ‐1,3‐glucan binding protein and plays a role in maskingβ‐glucan in acidic environments and chlamydospores,a feature that might underline ***'ability to evade host ***,a cleaved short form of Sce1 protein could be released into extracellular compartments and presented in bone marrow‐derived macrophages infected with *** cleaved short form of Sce1 also demonstrated a unique ability to trigger the caspases‐8/9‐dependent apoptosis in various host ***,genetic deletion of SCE1 led to dampened vaginal colonization of *** and diminished fungal virulence during systemic *** discovery of Sce1 as a versatile virulence effector that executes at various compartments sheds light on the fungus–host interactions and *** pathogenesis.

关键词： apoptosis Candida albicans effector immune evasion β-glucan

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A candidate effector protein PstCFEM1 contributes to virulence of stripe rust fungus and impairs wheat immunity

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Stress Biology 2022年第1期2卷 428-439页

作者： Xingxuan Bai Huan Peng Farhan Goher Md Ashraful Islam Sanding Xu Jia Guo Zhensheng Kang Jun Guo State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas College of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100ShaanxiChina

Common in Fungal Extracellular Membrane(CFEM)domain proteins are considered to be unique to fungi and closely related to ***,the Puccinia striiformis ***(Pst)effector containing the CFEM domain has not been ***,we obtained an effector,PstCFEM1,containing a functional N-terminal signal peptide sequence and the CFEM domain from Pst race ***-PCR assay indicated that the transcript levels of PstCFEM1 were highly induced during the early stages of *** of PstCFEM1 suppressed Pst322(an elicitor-like protein of Pst)-trigged cell death,reactive oxygen species(ROS)accumulation and callose ***-induced gene silencing(HIGS)experiments showed that knockdown of PstCFEM1 decreased the virulence of Pst,while ROS accumulation in silenced plants increased near the infection *** addition,wheat containing the PstCFEM1-silenced construct increased resistance to multiple races of *** data suggest that PstCFEM1 suppresses wheat defense by inhibiting ROS accumulation and contributes to increased virulence of Pst.

关键词： Pst CFEM domain effector Virulence Wheat

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