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Additive manufacturing in radiation oncology:a review of clinical practice,emerging trends and research opportunities

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International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing 2020年第1期2卷 47-66页

作者： Rance Tino Martin Leary Adam Yeo Elizabeth Kyriakou Tomas Kron Milan Brandt RMIT Centre for Additive Manufacture School of EngineeringRMIT UniversityMelbourneAustralia Physical Sciences Department Peter MacCallum Cancer CentreMelbourneAustralia ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre in Additive Biomanufacturing Queensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneAustralia Centre for Medical Radiation Physics University of WollongongWollongong Australia

The additive manufacturing(AM)process plays an important role in enabling cross-disciplinary research in engineering and personalised *** available clinical tools currently utilised in radiotherapy are typically based on traditional manufacturing processes,often leading to non-conformal geometries,time-consuming manufacturing process and high *** emerging application explores the design and development of patient-specific clinical tools using AM to optimise treatment outcomes among cancer patients receiving radiation *** this review,we:•highlight the key advantages of AM in radiotherapy where rapid prototyping allows for patient-specific manufacture•explore common clinical workflows involving radiotherapy tools such as bolus,compensators,anthropomorphic phantoms,immobilisers,and brachytherapy moulds;and•investigate how current AM processes are exploited by researchers to achieve patient tissuelike imaging and dose ***,significant AM research opportunities in this space are highlighted for their future advancements in radiotherapy for diagnostic and clinical research applications.

关键词： additive manufacturing radiotherapy tools dosimetry ebrt patient-specific cancer treatment quality assurance

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Current Status of Radiotherapy Services in Kenya

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Journal of Cancer Therapy 2022年第4期13卷 218-233页

作者： Philip Kioko Ndonye Samuel Nii Adu Tagoe Cancer Treatment Centre Kenyatta National Hospital (KNH) Nairobi Kenya Oncology & Cancer Treatment Centre The Nairobi Hospital Nairobi Kenya School of Biomedical & Allied Health Sciences University of Ghana Accra Ghana Korle Bu Teaching Hospital Accra Ghana

Purpose: Owing to the missing recent data regarding cancer case volumes in Kenyan hospitals since 2012, the aim of the study was to fill the gap by providing data for two hospitals in Nairobi, the post year 2012. The general situation of radiation oncology and recommendation for improvement of radiotherapy services in the country were also highlighted. Further assessment was to investigate and determine the relationship between age, different types of cancer, and gender for cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy treatment. Materials and Methods: A data compilation, analysis, and evaluation process were conducted at two cancer treatment centers in Kenya followed by an assessment of radiotherapy cancer treatment facilities in the country. The number of the patients treated for cervical, breast prostate, esophagus, rectum, and lung cancer against their ages and gender were also compiled for assessment. Results: The number of cancer patients treated by radiotherapy continuously increased annually and he trends of the graphs in both centers were similar. Cervical cancer was the most common cancer treated by radiotherapy at the two centers, followed by breast and prostate cancer. Different types of cancer assessed were dependent on age and that cancer appeared at younger ages in female cervical and breast cancer patients as opposed to the male prostate cancer. Conclusion: The results indicate a continuous annual increase in cancer patients treated by radiotherapy in Kenya radiotherapy centers. The increase may be attributed to the rising population, limited access to cancer awareness, and the growing adoption of unhealthy lifestyles, among other factors. Female cervical and breast cancer patients contracted the disease at younger ages (46 - 50 years) compared to the male prostate cancer patients with a mean age of 61 - 65 years. Socio-economic factors, the organization of healthcare systems, and a limited workforce have been identified as some of the barriers to the prov

关键词： Cancer Treatment Radiotherapy Services ebrt Brachytherapy Age Dependence

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Effect of intraoperative radiotherapy combined with external beam radiotherapy following internal drainage for advanced pancreatic carcinoma

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2004年第11期10卷 1669-1671页

作者： Hong-BingMa Zheng-LiDi Xi-JingWang Hua-FenKang Huai-CiDeng Ming-HuaBai DepartmentofOncology theSecondHospitalofXi'anJiaotongUniversityXi'an710004-ShaanxiProvinceChina DepartmentofRadiationOncology theFirstHospitalofXi'anJiaotongUniversityXi'an710068ShaanxiProvinceChina DepartmentofOncology theSecondHospitalofXi'anJiaotongUniversityXi'an710004-ShaanxiProvinceChina

AIM: To determine the survival of advanced pancreatic cancer patients treated with intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) combined with external beam radiation therapy (ebrt) following internal drainage (cholecystojejunostomy or choledochojejunostomy). METHODS: Eighty-one patients with advanced pancreatic cancer who received IORT combined with ebrt following internal drainage (ID) between 1996 and 2001 were retrospectively analyzed. Among the 81 patients, 18 underwent ID+IORT, 25 ID+IORT+ebrt (meanwhile, given 5-Fu 300 mg/m^2 iv drip, 2f/w), 16 ebrt, 22 had undergone simple internal drainage. The IORT dose was 15-25Gy in a single fraction. The usual ebrt dose was 30-40Gy with a daily fraction of 1.8-2.0 Gy. RESULTS: The complete remission rate, partial remission rate of patients with backache and abdominal pain treated with ID+IORT were 55.5%, 33.3% respectively. Alleviation of pain was observed 2 or 3 wk after IORT. The median survival time (MST) of ID+IORT group was 10.7 mo. The pain remission rate of patients treated with ID+IORT+ebrt was 92%, and their MST was 12.2 mo. The MST of patients treated with ebrt and simple internal drainage was 5.1 mo and 7.0 mo, respectively. The survival curve of ID+IORT group and ID+IORT+ebrt group was significantly better than that of ebrt group (Pebrt group and ID group was significant (Pebrt following internal drainage can alleviate pain, improve quality of life and prolong survival time of patients with advanced pancreatic cancer.

关键词：外科手术放射线疗法胰腺癌晚期 IORT ebrt 物理治疗

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Comparison between Different Modalities of Treatment of Ewing Sarcoma

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Open Journal of Orthopedics 2012年第2期2卷 69-72页

作者： Ranadeb Bandyopadhyay Arindam Mukherjee Ujjal Bhakat Department of Orthopaedics Bankura Sammilani Medical College Bankura India

Background: Ewing sarcoma is the most common primary malignant tumour in patients younger than 10 years of age. The incidence is less than 1 per 1 million per year. Usually it is located in the diaphysis of long bones. Prognosis of these tumours has improved dramatically since the introduction of multi-agent chemotherapy, from an erstwhile 10% survival rate to the current 70% for patients with non-metastatic Ewing sarcoma. Method: A retrospective review of patients with histologically confirmed Ewing sarcoma who were treated in the Department of Orthopaedics, B.S. Medical College during the time period from April 2000 to March 2012 was performed. Patients were divided into two groups: Group A included those treated by External Beam Radiotherapy (ebrt) + chemotherapy while Group B included the patients treated with surgery + chemotherapy. Results were analysed depending on the survival rates. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were compared using log-rank test and a multivariate Cox proportional hazards model was calculated. Result: The survival curves of both the groups were not found to be significantly different. Conclusion: Treatment of Ewing tumour has multiple options. No one treatment modality is superior. Survival rates of patients treated by radiation + chemotherapy are not significantly different from those treated with surgery + chemotherapy.

关键词： Ewing Sarcoma ebrt Chemotherapy Surgery Kaplan-Meier Survival Curves Cox Proportional Hazards Model

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胸部外照射治疗原发性肺淀粉样变性三例

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中华医学杂志 2009年第40期89卷 2874-2876页

作者：任少华浙江省丽水市中心医院呼吸科 323000

原发性肺淀粉样变性为罕见疾病，确诊后远期预后不良，迄今缺乏有效治疗方法。Kurrus等怛0在1998年首次报道应用外照射疗法（external—beam radiation therapy，ebrt）成功治疗气管支气管内膜淀粉样变性。此后国外陆续有应用ebrt治疗... 详细信息

原发性肺淀粉样变性为罕见疾病，确诊后远期预后不良，迄今缺乏有效治疗方法。Kurrus等怛0在1998年首次报道应用外照射疗法（external—beam radiation therapy，ebrt）成功治疗气管支气管内膜淀粉样变性。此后国外陆续有应用ebrt治疗结膜、支气管和弥漫性肺淀粉样变性的报道，但国内此类报道鲜见。2007年以来，我院应用胸部ebrt治疗原发性肺淀粉样变性3例，获得较好疗效，现报道如下。

关键词：肺淀粉样变性外照射治疗原发性胸部支气管内膜 ebrt 外照射疗法罕见疾病

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NRBP2在乳腺癌进展中的机制研究

NRBP2在乳腺癌进展中的机制研究

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作者：李晨媛武汉大学

学位级别：硕士

第一部分放射性碘治疗甲状腺癌远处转移:基于SEER数据库的研究远处转移（DM）是甲状腺癌预后不良的主要原因。放射性碘（RAI）治疗甲状腺癌是一种有效的治疗方法。然而,DM患者会对RAI产生抵抗。本研究旨在区分可能受益于RAI的患者。我们... 详细信息

第一部分放射性碘治疗甲状腺癌远处转移:基于SEER数据库的研究远处转移（DM）是甲状腺癌预后不良的主要原因。放射性碘（RAI）治疗甲状腺癌是一种有效的治疗方法。然而,DM患者会对RAI产生抵抗。本研究旨在区分可能受益于RAI的患者。我们在SEER数据库中抽取了甲状腺癌患者,并根据年龄和级别分组分析了放射治疗后的甲状腺癌特异性生存率。1608例DM患者中,骨转移521例（32.4%）,脑转移90例（5.6%）,肝转移158例（9.8%）,肺转移995例（61.9%）,其他转移50例（3.1%）。高龄、低分化、滤泡癌、淋巴转移、肿瘤大小＞10 mm、包膜外侵犯与肺转移相关。对于DM患者,RAI治疗提高了年龄＜45岁组和高/中分化组的生存率。对于有肺转移的患者,RAI在较高级别组中提高了生存率,但在较好级别组中效果不明显。我们的数据表明转移部位的差异有不同的危险因素。同样,这一发现表明RAI应该精确地应用于那些发生远处转移但年轻且肿瘤分化良好/中等的患者,以及肿瘤分化程度低的肺转移患者。第二部分NRBP2作为肿瘤抑制因子抑制乳腺癌上皮-间质转化核受体结合蛋白2（NRBP2）是在神经分化基因筛选过程中发现的一种假激酶,可抑制髓母细胞瘤和肝细胞癌的肿瘤进展。然而,NRBP2在乳腺癌进展调控中的作用和机制尚未见报道。在我们的研究中,与相应的正常组织相比,NRBP2在人BC组织中表达下调。此外,生物信息学和细胞实验表明,较低水平的NRBP2导致BC患者预后不良。此外,我们对过表达NRBP2的BC细胞进行了鉴定,发现NRBP2过表达显著抑制了细胞的增殖和侵袭,并抑制了细胞的上皮-间充质转化（EMT）,而NRBP2敲则逆转了这些作用。此外,NRBP2在原位乳腺肿瘤模型中的过表达显著减少了裸鼠的肺转移结节。NRBP2在机制上调节5‘-腺苷一磷酸（AMP）激活的蛋白激酶/哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶标（AMPK/m TOR）信号通路的激活。此外,AMPK抑制剂可部分挽救NRBP2过表达对细胞增殖、侵袭和EMT的抑制作用。相反,m TOR特异性抑制剂消除了NRBP2基因敲除对细胞增殖、侵袭和EMT的促进作用,提示NRBP2的抗肿瘤作用可能与调节AMPK/m TOR通路有关。综上所述,NRBP2作为一种新的、有效的预后指标,抑制了BC的进展,有可能成为BC的潜在治疗靶点。

关键词：甲状腺癌远处转移肺转移 RAI ebrt NRBP2 乳腺癌 EMT AMPK/mTOR信号通路

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子宫内膜癌术后外照射放疗危害大

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微创医学 2011年第3期6卷 244-244页

在线发表了荷兰的医学研究结果,子宫内膜癌术后辅助骨盆外照射放疗（ebrt）与患者长期存在泌尿道和肠道症状（如尿失禁、腹泻等）显著相关,还与患者的躯体活动功能（PF）及活动功能限制情况（RP）评分低显著相关。ebrt治疗15年后这些相... 详细信息

在线发表了荷兰的医学研究结果,子宫内膜癌术后辅助骨盆外照射放疗（ebrt）与患者长期存在泌尿道和肠道症状（如尿失禁、腹泻等）显著相关,还与患者的躯体活动功能（PF）及活动功能限制情况（RP）评分低显著相关。ebrt治疗15年后这些相关性仍存在。因此,尽管术后辅助ebrt可显著降低患者的局部复发率（5.8%对15.5%）,但对于存在中低级子宫内膜癌风险的患者,应尽量避免ebrt。

关键词：子宫内膜癌外照射术后放疗危害 ebrt 活动功能局部复发率

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