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dust storms in northern China and their significance for the concept of the Anthropocene

Science China Earth Sciences 2022年第5期65卷 921-933页

作者： Jianbao LIU Jie CHEN Shengqian CHEN Xinwei YAN Haoran DONG Fahu CHEN Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems(Ministry of Education) College of Earth and Environmental ScienceLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Group of Alpine Paleoecology and Human Adaptation(ALPHA) State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth SystemResources and Environment(TPESRE)Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

A key scientific issue in the study of the Anthropocene is the determination of the corresponding stratigraphic marker in geological archives.The arid and semi-arid regions of Asia are the second largest dust source on Earth,and their release,transport and deposition of dust affect global climate change,as well as marine and terrestrial biogeochemical cycles.Over the past~2000 years,human activity has outpaced natural climatic variability as the dominant control of dust storms in northern China.Thus,exploring the potential of anthropogenic Asian dust as a marker of the Anthropocene and its impacts on lake ecosystems may contribute to an improved definition of the characteristics and timing of the Anthropocene.In this context,we measured spectrally-inferred chlorophyll a from the sediments of an undisturbed alpine lake in northern China,and compared the results with dust storm data from the same cores and with regional climatic records.Asian dust is a widely distributed,globally significant signal of human activity,and it is also well preserved in various geological archives;hence,we propose anthropogenic dust can be considered as a potential marker of the Anthropocene.Anthropogenic dust signals in stratigraphic records during the past~2000 years differ substantially from those during the early and middle Holocene,which demonstrates that,at least since~2000 years ago,human activity has exceeded the natural forcing of dust transport in northern China.We therefore propose that there are spatial and temporal differences in the onset of the Anthropocene,as defined by anthropogenic dust deposition,which is therefore time-transgressive.Our spectrally-inferred chlorophyll a record is consistent with dust storm activity over the past~2000 years(except since the 1950s),suggesting that anthropogenic dust storms were the dominant control on lake primary production.Prior to the 1950s the interactions of the East Asian summer monsoon(EASM),human activity,dust storms and lake ecosystems resulted in a shift from a pattern in whi

关键词： Anthropocene Stratigraphic marker dust storms Lake primary production Time-transgressive Great Acceleration

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The diurnal transport of atmospheric water vapor during major dust storms on Mars based on the Mars Climate Database,version 5.3

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2020年第6期4卷 550-564页

作者： Jing Li Zhao Peng Wu Tao Li Xi Zhang Jun Cui Planetary Environmental and Astrobiological Research Laboratory School of Atmospheric SciencesSun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai Guangdong 519082China Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment School of Earth and Space SciencesUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of California Santa CruzSanta CruzCalifornia 95064USA Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Lunar and Deep Space Exploration National Astronomical ObservatoriesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100012China Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Comparative Planetology Hefei 230026China

In recent studies of the Martian atmosphere,strong diurnal variation in the dust was discovered in the southern hemisphere during major dust storms,which provides strong evidence that the commonly recognized meridional transport process is driven by thermal tides.This process,when coupled with deep convection,could be an important part of the short-term atmospheric dynamics of water escape.However,the potential of this process to alter the horizontal distribution of moist air has not been systematically investigated.In this work,we conducted pre-research on the horizontal transport of water vapor associated with the migrating diurnal tide(DW1)at 50 Pa in the upper troposphere during major dust storms based on the Mars Climate Database(MCD)5.3,a state-of-the-art database for Martian atmospheric research that has been validated as simulating the relevant short-period atmospheric dynamics well.We found westward-propagating diurnal patterns in the global water vapor front during nearly all the major dust storms from Martian years(MYs)24 to 32.Statistical and correlation analyses showed that the diurnal transport of water vapor during global and A-season regional dust storms is dominated by the DW1.The effect of the tidal transport of water vapor varies with the types of dust storms in different seasons.During regional dust storms,the tidal transport induces only limited diurnal motion of the water vapor.However,the horizontal tidal wind tends to increase the abundance of daytime water vapor at mid-to low latitudes during the MY 28 southern summer global dust storm while decreasing it during the MY 25 southern spring global dust storm.The tidal transport process during these two global dust storms can induce opposite effects on water escape.

关键词： Martian atmosphere thermal tides water vapor dust storms water escape

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RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN dust storms AND DRYNESS-WETNESS IN MIDDLE–EASTERN CHINA DURING 1470–1950

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China Particuology 2006年第1期4卷 20-24页

作者： Wenjun Qu Xiaoye Zhang Dan Wang Yaqiang Wang Guoliang Cao Huizheng Che Liwen Yan SKLLQG Institute of Earth Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Xi'an 710075 P. R. China CAWAS Chinese Academy of Metrological Sciences CMA Beijing 100081 P. R. China Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039 P. R. China

Based on 481-year records of historical dust storm （DS） and Dryness-Wetness Index （DWI） at 120 sites, spatial distribution characteristics of dryness-wetness （DW） in typical dust storm years （DS years） and in non-dust storm years （non-DS years） were derived for continental China. In DS years, most of the sites were drier than in normal years while in non-DS years wetter than normal, and the variation of DWI in DS years was larger than that in non-DS years. The relative instability and increased regional difference of atmospheric circulation in DS years might have induced more frequent DS events and dry-wet abnormality in continental China. In DS years the latitudinal （north-south） dry-wet difference was larger than that in non-DS years, that is, north China was even much drier than south China. This might be attributed to increased latitudinal differences of thermal and pressure gradients in DS years, resulting in the southward withdrawal of precipitation and increase of DS events.

关键词： dust storms dryness-wetness Asian monsoon middle-eastern China

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Climatic Characteristics of dust storms in Jordan

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American Journal of Climate Change 2020年第2期9卷 136-146页

作者： Ali Ahmad Ghanem Geography Department The University of Jordan Amman Jordan

This study is devoted to examine the climate characteristics of the dust storms (DS) with visibility 0 - 1 km that occurred in Jordan for the period 1988 to 2018. It is found that the DS varies temporally and spatially, as the largest number of DS occurred in 2003 (36 DS) and the lowest occurred in 1999 (one DS). The average was 17.22 DS with the coefficient of variation of 45%, the DS durations ranged from 1 - 4 days, most of them occurred in spring (54.1%) especially in April (22.2%). The DS increased southward and eastward directions, they increased from 13 DS in Irbid in the north to 182 DS in Al-Jafr in the south and to 102 DS in Safawi in the east. The results showed positive relationships between wind speeds. There were negative relationships with relative humidity, pressure and rainfall, and there was no relationship between DS and the maximum temperature.

关键词： dust storms Temporal Rainfall Winds Jordan

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Reduction of the wind erosion potential in dried-up lakebeds using artificial biocrusts

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2022年第4期16卷 865-875页

作者： Hossein KHEIRFAM Maryam ROOHI Department of Range and Watershed Management Faculty of Natural ResourcesUrmia UniversityUrmia ***Iran Department of Environmental Sciences Urmia Lake Research InstituteUrmia UniversityUrmia ***Iran Microbiology Laboratory Expert Artemia&Aquaculture Research InstituteUrmia UniversityUrmia ***Iran

The artificial creation of biocrusts can be a rapid and pervasive solution to reduce wind erosion potential(WEP)in dried-up lakes(e.g.,Lake Urmia).So,in this study,we created a biocrust by the inoculation of bacteria and cyanobacteria on trays filled by soils collected from the dried-up bed of Lake Urmia,Iran,to reduce WEP in laboratory conditions.We used the wind erodible fraction of soil(EF)and soil crust factor(SCF)equations to calculate the WEP of the treated soils.EF and SCF were decreased(p<0.05)through applying the co-inoculation of bacteria and cyanobacteria by 5.6%and 10.57%,respectively,as compared to the control;also,the"cyanobacteria alone"inoculation decreased EF by 3.9%.Our results showed that the artificial biocrusts created by soil inoculation,especially with the co-using of bacteria and cyanobacteria,significantly reduced the WEP of a newly dried-up lakebed.Furthermore,we found that inoculation decreased the WEP of the study soil by increasing the soil organic matter content from 3.7 to 5 fold.According to scanning electron microscopy images,the inoculated microorganisms,especially cyanobacteria,improved soil aggregation by their exopolysaccharides and filaments;thus,they can be used with other factors to estimate the soil erodibility in well-developed biocrusts.The inoculation technique could be considered as a rapid strategy in stabilizing lakebeds against wind force.However,it should be confirmed after additional experiments using wind tunnels under natural conditions.

关键词： biological soil crust dried-up lakes dust storms flowing-sands soil cyanobacteria

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Characteristics of Meteorological Factors over Different Landscape Types During dust Storm Events in Cele,Xinjiang,China

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2014年第4期28卷 576-591页

作者：毛东雷雷加强李生宇曾凡江王翠周杰 Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Geographical Sciences and Tourism Xinjiang Normal University Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystem in Xinjiang

Landscape characteristics influence meteorological factors, thus affect the occurrence and nature of dust storm events. The present study investigates the spatiotemporal characteristics of six meteorological factors （wind velocity, wind direction, air temperature, relative humidity （RH）, photo synthetically active radiation （PAR）, and solar radiation） over different landscape types （shifting-sand frontier, semi-fixed sandy land, fixed sandy land, and the inner region of an oasis） before and after dust storms during four typical dust storm events in an oasis-desert ecotone in Cele, Xinjiang, China. The results show that the average wind velocity decreased significantly from the shifting-sand frontier to the inner oasis, which was mainly attributable to the vegetation coverage. Before the dust storm events, there were obvious differences in air temperature and RH either in the horizontal or vertical direction over the different landscape types. However, these factors were very similar during and following the dust storm events. PAR and solar radiation were significantly reduced during the dust storm events and the subsequent sand-blowing and floating-dust conditions. This effect was much stronger than during similar weather conditions without dust storm events such as sand-blowing and overcast and/or rainy days. Additionally, the variation in the meteorological factors among the different landscapes was also affected by the prevailing wind direction during the dust storm events. However, the landscape type slightly changed the prevailing wind direction, with the greatest dispersion distribution of wind direction in the inner oasis. The findings of this study are helpful for understanding the function of landscape types in the occurrence of dust storms, as well as for providing a theoretical basis for prevention of dust storms.

关键词： dust storms weather meteorological factors changing characteristics Cele

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Long-time Observations of dust storms in the Northwestern China and Phytoplankton Blooms in the Chinese Marginal Seas

Long-time Observations of Dust Storms in the Northwestern Ch...

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中国生态学会2006学术年会

作者：吕建海中国科学院南海海洋研究所

＜正＞dust storm,especially strong storms are not only dangerous to human being,also have effects to ecosystem in along-term and large scales.Additionally,when dust storms are transported from the atmosphere to the oceans, they can influnce ocean biosystem,and hence may play an important role in mesoscale to macroscale and even global climatic modification.

关键词： Long-time observation dust storms Phytoplankton Remote sensing China

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