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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2008年第10期35卷 617-623页

作者： Lianquan Zhang Qijiao Chen Zhongwei Yuan Zhiguo Xiang Youliang Zheng Dengcai Liu Triticeae Research Institute Sichuan Agricultural University Dujiangyan 611830 China Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources and Improvement Ministry of Education Sichuan Agricultural University Yaan 625014 China

Fertile F1 hybrids were obtained between durum wheat （Triticum durum Desf.） Langdon （LDN） and its 10 disomic substitution （LDN DS） lines with Aegilops tauschii accession AS60 without embryo rescue. Selfed seedset rates for hybrids of LDN with AS60 were 36.87% and 49.45% in 2005 and 2006, respectively. Similar or higher selfed seedset rates were observed in the hybrids of 1D （1A）, 1D （1B）, 3D （3A）, 4D （4B）, 7D （7A）, and 2D （2B） with AS60, while lower in hybrids of 3D （3B）＋ 3BL, 5D （5A）＋ 5AL, 5D （5B）＋ 5B and 6D （6B）＋ 6BS with AS60 compared with the hybrids of LDN with AS60. Observation of male gametogenesis showed that meiotic restitution, both first-division restitution （FDR） and single-division meiosis （SDM） resulted in the formation of functional unreduced gametes, which in turn produced seeds. Both euhaploid and aneuhaploid gametes were produced in F1 hybrids. This suggested a strategy to simultaneously transfer and locate major genes from the ancestral species T. turgidum or Ae. tauschii. Moreover, there was no significant difference in the aneuhaploid rates between the F1 hybrids of LDN and LDN DS lines with AS60, suggesting that meiotic pairing between the two D chromosomes in the hybrids of LDN DS lines with AS60 did not promote the formation of aneuhaploid gametes.

关键词： Aegilops tauschii aneuploid durum wheat female gametes meiosis restitution unreduced gametes

Epidemiological factors of septoria tritici blotch(Zymoseptoria tritici)in durum wheat(Triticum turgidum)in the highlands of Wollo,Ethiopia

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Ecological Processes 2020年第1期9卷 726-736页

作者： Bogale Nigir Hailemariam Yosef Geberehawariat Kidane Amare Ayalew Sirinka Agricultural Research Center WoldiaEthiopia Bioversity International Addis AbabaEthiopia Partnership for Aflatoxin Control in Africa Addis AbabaEthiopia

Background:Septoria tritici blotch(STB)(Zymoseptoria tritici)is a major disease of durum wheat,an economic crop grown in the highlands of Wollo in ***:To determine the status of this disease,we conducted surveys in five districts of Wollo(Meket,Woreilu,Wadila,Jama,and Dessie Zuria)during the 2015 cropping *** visited 75 farm plots to determine the prevalence,incidence,and severity of ***:STB prevalence varied among locations,genotypes,planting dates,growth stages,previous crops,plant population,weed population,and soil ***,disease intensity also varied along all independent *** level of incidence was high in all the visited districts,and the level severity ranged from 9.9 to 59.3%while the incidence varied from 50 to 100%.The mean differences in incidence and severity within the districts’variable classes,altitude,varieties,growth stage,plant population,planting date,previous crop,weed population,and soil type were *** independent variables,districts,altitude,varieties,growth stage,plant population,planting date,previous crops,weed population,and soil type,were significantly associated with high incidence and severity of STB as single predictor in the logistic regression model.A reduced multiple variable model was fitted using districts,altitude,varieties,growth stage,plant population,planting date,previous crop,weed population,and soil type as independent *** incidence(>50%)and severity(>25%)had a high probability of association to all independent variables,except previous *** disease incidence(≤50%)and low disease severity(≤25%)had high probability of association to the previous ***:Environmental variables,cultivation practice,and responses were important for the development of ***,these factors must be considered in designing strategies for the effective management of STB.

关键词： durum wheat Zymoseptoria tritici Septoria tritici blotch

Effect of Weather on Grain Quality Traits of durum wheat Grown in the Northern Plains of USA

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2021年第12期12卷 1894-1911页

作者： Sara Moayedi Elias M. Elias Frank A. Manthey Cereal Science Graduate Program Department of Plant Sciences North Dakota State University Fargo ND USA

The objective of this research was to determine the effect of genotype and growing environment, particularly weather, on grain quality traits of durum wheat using nine genotypes (Alkabo, Carpio, Divide, Grenora, Joppa, Maier, Mountrail, Pierce, and Tioga) grown in four years (2012-2015) at six locations in North Dakota, USA. The results of this research indicated that grain test weight, 1000-kernel weight, protein content, kernel vitreousness, and falling number were affected more by environment than by genotype. However, genotypes within an environment differed in the magnitude of their response and this difference could be used to select genotypes in a breeding program to improve quality. For a given quality trait, the magnitude of the response reflects the stability of the trait to changes in the environment. In general, the quality of durum wheat grown in the northern plains of USA was favored by warm daytime temperature, low night temperature, and low relative humidity. Growing locations with high maximum air temperature and a high number of days with temperature ≥ 30°C had a positive effect on grain protein content and falling number, while a high number of days with night time temperature ≤ 13°C were ideal for 1000-kernel weight. Low rainfall and low relative humidity promoted a high falling number and vitreous kernel content. The results of this study suggested that genotypes could be selected based on their overall quality and their stability across environments. Trait stability could be an important consideration when growers select genotypes for planting in their fields.

关键词： durum wheat Weather Grain Quality

Preparation and use of Phenolic Extracts from durum wheat Bran in the Production of Phenol-enriched Fresh Pasta 14th

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Preparation and use of Phenolic Extracts from Durum Wheat Br...

第十四届国际谷物科技与面包大会暨国际油料与油脂发展论坛

作者： Antonella Pasqualone Laura Nunzia Delvecchio University of Bari Department of Agro—forestry and Environmental Biology and Chemistry Food Technology UnitVia Amendola165/aItaly

＜正＞Phenolic compounds have many favourable effects on human health,arising from their antioxidant activity and capacity to protect critical macromolecules（such as chromosomal DNA, structural proteins and enzymes,low-density lipoproteins,and membrane lipids） from damages induced by active species of *** external layers of wheat caryopses contain interesting levels of various phenolic compounds,and bran extracts have a recognised antioxidant activity and are capable to inhibit lipid peroxidation in human low-density lipoprotein in vitro（Yu et al.,2005）.

关键词： phenolic compounds durum wheat bran fresh pasta sensory properties

Recombination between homoeologous chromosomes induced in durum wheat by the Aegilops speltoides Su1-Ph1 suppressor

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Recombination between homoeologous chromosomes induced in du...

第十届全国小麦基因组学及分子育种大会

作者： Hao Li Le Wang Ming-Cheng Luo Fang Nie Yun Zhou Patrick E.McGuire Assaf Distelfeld Xiongtao Dai Chunpeng Song Jan Dvorak Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology State Key Laboratory of Cotton BiologySchool of Life SciencesHenan University Department of Plant Sciences University of California School of Plant Sciences and Food Security Tel Aviv University Department of Statistics Iowa State University

We previously introgressed Sul-Phl,one of two Aegilops speltoides suppressors of Ph1 gene,into tetraploid durum wheat cv Langdon(LDN).Here,to evaluate its utility for introgression of alien germplasm into durum wheat,we constructed LDN plants heterozygous for Sul-Ph1 that contained a single LDN chromosome 5 B and a single *** chromosome 5 S and targeted these two monosomes for *** genotyped 28 BC F and 84 F progeny with the wheat Illumina 90 K single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) assay and detected extensive recombination between the two *** on segregation of 237 SNP markers in the BC F population and 220 in the F population we constructed maps,which were 65.31 and 63.71 cM long,*** compared recombination rates along the homoeologous chromosomes with recombination rates along 5 B *** rates between the two homoeologous chromosomes were double the rate expected based on meiotic pairing between them,which we attributed to selection against aneuploid gametes in tetraploid *** rates were similar in the distal region of the long arm but declined more precipitously between homoeologues than between homologues in the proximal *** an unknown reason,we obtained almost no recombination in the short arm between the *** showed by non-denaturing fluorescence in situ hybridization(ND-FISH) that chromosome 5 S was recombined with 5 D in the substitution line that was the source of the 5 S chromosome in our *** analysis of recombination between 5 B and 5 S induced by Su1-Ph1 showed that the suppressor is a valuable tool for inducing gene introgression in tetraploid wheat.

关键词： Introgression durum wheat Aegilops speltoides Su1-Ph1 homoeologous ND-FISH NOR

Morphological and Ultrastructural Analysis of durum wheat and Rice Samples as a Way to Relate the Morphology to Functional Aspects

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Morphological and Ultrastructural Analysis of Durum Wheat an...

第十四届国际谷物科技与面包大会暨国际油料与油脂发展论坛

作者： Fabio Nobili Ivana Garaguso Inran

＜正＞In these last years the growing environmental awareness and consequently the request of safe food have led people to question about agriculture products and their own nutritional *** study is a part of a Project whose purpose is to select new cereal genotypes in order to improve nutritional and technological *** part of the study was mainly focused on new durum wheat samples characterized by a high content in antioxidant molecules（phenols,catechins,flavonoid compounds,vitamin E,carotens etc.） and rice samples characterized by different technological *** order to detect morphological differences among samples,kernels were analyzed by means of the scanning electron microscopy pressure environmental by SEM EVO LS10 *** instrument is equipped with a LaB6 electron source provides a stable and high brightness operation, that is particularly well matched to the imaging with both dehydrated and humid *** samples have been observed by CZBSD-Multisegment Diode detector,after an appropriate sagittal *** kind of detector present peculiar electronic characteristic able to give us a fine topographic imagine of the *** important performance,of this instrument,it is the possibility to observe the samples at high magnification without any sample treatments and avoid artifact *** durum wheat cultivars,which were cultivated in the South Italy（Sicily） in the years 2010 and 2011, classified as SA1,DU1,SI1（year 2010） and SA2,DU2,SI2（year 2011） were considered in this study. The three rice samples,cultivated in the North Italy in the year 2010 under investigation are classified as CR（round rice） VN（pigmented brown rice） and FR（long A rice）.Concerning durum wheat samples, the electronic scanning analysis was performed in two *** the granule surface was analyzed at low magnification in order to detect the length and the width *** a second set of observations was performed at high magni

关键词： SEM ultrastructure durum wheat rice

High-resolution genetic mapping and identification of candidate genes for the wheat stem rust resistance gene Sr8155B1

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The Crop Journal 2023年第6期11卷 1852-1861页

作者： Jian Wang Hongyu Li Tao Shen Shikai Lyu Shams ur Rehman Hongna Li Guiping Wang Binyang Xu Qing Wang Wanyi Hu Kairong Li Shengsheng Bai Jian Ma Haitao Yu Matthew N.Rouse Shisheng Chen School of Advanced Agriculture Sciences Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China National Key Laboratory of wheat Improvement Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural SciencesShandong Laboratory of Advanced Agricultural Sciences in WeifangWeifang 261325ShandongChina Triticeae Research Institute Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu 611130SichuanChina wheat Research Institute Weifang Academy of Agricultural SciencesWeifang 261071ShandongChina US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Cereal Disease Laboratory and Department of Plant PathologyUniversity of MinnesotaSt.PaulMN 55108USA

Stem rust,caused by Puccinia graminis ***(Pgt),threatens global wheat *** of cultivars with increased resistance to stem rust by identification,mapping,and deployment of resistance genes is the best strategy for controlling the *** this study,we performed fine mapping and characterization of the all-stage stem rust resistance(Sr)gene Sr8155B1 from the durum wheat line *** seedling tests of biparental populations,Sr8155B1 was effective against six Chinese Pgt races *** a segregating population of 5060 gametes,Sr8155B1 was mapped to a 0.06-cM region flanked by markers Pku2772 and Pku43365,corresponding to 1.5-and 2.7-Mb regions in the Svevo and Chinese Spring reference *** regions include several typical nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat(NLR)and protein kinase genes that represent candidate *** them,three NLR genes and three receptor-like protein kinases were highly polymorphic between the parental lines and their transcripts were upregulated in the homozygous resistant line TdR2 relative to its susceptible sister line *** markers(Pku2772,Pku43365,Pku2950,and Pku3721)developed in this study,together with seedling resistance responses,correctly predicted Sr8155B1 absence or presence in 78 tetraploid wheat genotypes *** presence of Sr8155B1 in tetraploid wheat accessions CItr 14916,PI 197492,and PI 197493 was confirmed by mapping in three F_(2)*** genetic map and linked markers developed in this study may accelerate the deployment of Sr8155B1-mediated resistance in wheat breeding programs.

关键词： durum wheat Stem rust Resistance gene Sr8155B1 CC-NBS-LRR

Isolation and Analysis of α-Gliadin Gene Coding Sequences from Triticum durum

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2007年第1期6卷 25-32页

作者： WANG Han-yan1, WEI Yu-ming1, 2, ZE Hong-yan1, 2 and ZHENG You-liang1, 21 Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, P.R.China2 Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources and Improvement in Southwest China, Ministry of Education/Sichuan Agricultural University,Ya’an 625014, P.R.China Triticeae Research Institute Sichuan Agricultural University Ya'an 625014 P.R. China Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources and Improvement in Southwest China Ministry of Education/Sichuan Agricultural University Ya'an 625014 P.R. China

Three coding sequences of gliadins genes, designed as Gli2_Du1, Gli2_Du2 and Gli2_Du3, were isolated from thegenomic DNA of Triticum durum accessions CItr5083. Gli2_Du1 and Gli2_Du2 contain 945 and 864 bp, encoding themature proteins with 314 and 287 amino acid residues, respectively. Gli2_Du3 is recognized as a pseudogene due to thestop codon occurring in the coding region. The pseudogenes, commonly occurring in gliadins family, are attributed to thesingle base change C → T. The amino acid sequences deduced from these gene sequences were characterized with thetypical structure of α-gliadin proteins, including the toxic sequences (PSQQQP). The peptide fraction PF(Y)PP(Q) isthought to be an extra unit of repetitive domain, slightly diverging from the previous report. Six cysteine residues wereobserved within two unique domains. Phylogenetic analysis showed Gli2_Du2 and Gli2_Du3 were closely related to thegenes on chromosome 6A, whereas Gli2_Du1 seems to be more homologous with the genes on chromosome 6B.

关键词： durum wheat α-gliadin gene clone sequence analysis

The wheat Pathogenesis Related Protein (TdPR1.2) Ensures Contrasting Behaviors to <i>E. coli</i>Transformant Cells under Stress Conditions

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Advances in Microbiology 2021年第9期11卷 453-468页

作者： Mouna Ghorbel Ikram Zribi Najla Haddaji Malek Besbes Nouha Bouali Faiçal Brini Biology Department Faculty of Science University of Ha’il Ha’il Saudi Arabia Biotechnology and Plant Improvement Laboratory Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS) University of Sfax Sfax Tunisia

The pathogenesis-related proteins 1 (PR-1) gene family play important roles in the plant metabolism in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. The wheat TdPR1.2 has been previously isolated and characterized. Here we showed by bio-informatic analysis that TdPR1.2 contains six cysteine residues that are conserved between all PR-1 proteins tested. Using ScanProsite tool, we found that TdPR1.2 structure has a CRISP family signature 1 and 2 located at the C-terminal part of the protein. Those two domains are conserved in many identified PR1.2 proteins in plants. Moreover, SignalIP-5.0 analysis revealed that TdPR1.2 contains a putative signal peptide formed by 25 amino acids at the N-terminal extremity. The presence of this signal peptide suggested that the mature proteins will be secreted after the cleavage of the signal sequence. Further, we investigate the role of the TdPR1.2 proteins in the growth of Escherichia coli transformants cells under different abiotic stresses. Our results showed that the full-length form of TdPR1.2 enhanced tolerance of E. coli against salt and osmotic stress but not to KCl. Moreover, TdPR1.2 protein confers bacterial tolerance to heavy metals in solid and liquid mediums. Based on these results, we suggest that the TdPR1.2 protein could play an important role in response to abiotic stress conditions.

关键词： Abiotic Stress Bioinformatic Analysis durum wheat E. coli Growth Inhibition Pathogen Related Proteins Protein Expression

Biosynthesis of flavonoids protects wheat from powdery mildew infection

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Biosynthesis of flavonoids protects wheat from powdery milde...

2016年全国植物生物学大会

作者： Zhong-Zhong Chen Qingdao Wang Qiu-Ping Li Huiru Tang Jin-Ying Gou State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and DevelopmentInstitute of Plant BiologySchool of Life SciencesFudan University CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular PhysicsNational Centre for Magnetic Resonance in WuhanWuhan Institute of Physics and MathematicsUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Biogenic flavonoids were widely reported in wheat resistance to fungal pathogens with some of them having antimicrobial functions in other cereal crops. However,in wheat,their specific functions have not yet been defined. In this study,we built a spring durum wheat EMS mutant library and screened for mutants with altered flavonoids contents. Mutants with both significantly increase or decrease flavonoids were isolated firstly by an intact high-through-put screening. These mutants were then verified by a colorimetric method. HPLC analyses showed a wide array of changes in flavonoids profiles,such as increase or decrease in levels of most compounds,addition or disappearance of one group of compounds. The change in flavonoids was most likely independent of lignin deposition in the cell wall,as over 70% of the high flavonoids mutants are indistinguishable from control plants in their total lignin contents. Unexpectedly,more than 85% of the mutants with increased flavonoids had less powdery mildew in field,while 2/3 mutants with decreased flavonoids had more powdery mildew than control plants,suggesting a negative correlation between flavonoids contents and powdery mildew growth rates in planta. In the Pearson correlation analysis,3 flavonoids compounds displayed very significant positive correlation with powdery mildew resistance,with luteolin 6-C-glucoside as a potent protective compound in planta. Taken together,our data demonstrate that flavonoids play an important role in wheat against powdery mildew,and therefore,these mutants with high flavonoids contents are excellent genetic resources for fungal resistant wheat breeding.

关键词： durum wheat EMS mutant flavonoids lignin powdery mildew luteolin