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Understanding and managing sanitary risks due to rodent zoonoses in an African city: beyond the Boston Model

Integrative Zoology 2008年第1期3卷 38-50页

作者： Peter J.TAYLOR Lorraine ARNTZEN Mel HAYTER Malcolm ILES John FREAN Steven BELMAIN durban Natural Science Museum eThekwini Libraries and Heritage DepartmentDurbanSouth Africa National Institute for Communicable Diseases National Health Laboratory ServiceSandringhamSouth Africa City Health:Communicable Diseases eThekwini MunicipalityDurbanSouth Africa Natural Resources Institute Chatham MaritimeKentUK

The Boston Model describes a successful rodent management plan that succeeded in a first-world city in the *** third-world cities, which often contain informal shack settlements, it is debatable whether the Boston Modelwould apply. In durban, a major harbor city of three million people on the east coast of South Africa, we investigatedthe sanitary risks due to rodents in both formal (residential and commercial) and informal (shacks) sectors,and we evaluated the relative merits of different management interventions suggested by the Boston Model. Bloodand tissue samples of six species (Rattus norvegicus, R. tanezumi, R. rattus, Mus musculus, Mastomys natalensis,Tatera brantsi) from 262 live-trapped rodents from 54 localities were tested for antibodies or DNA for plague (n =193: antibody test), leptospirosis (n = 221 for antibody test;n = 69 for polymerase chain reaction test for DNA) andtoxoplasmosis (n = 217: antibody test). We conducted a socioeconomic survey of 90 household to determine environmentaland socioeconomic disease risk factors in the shack settlement of Cato Crest . No rodents wereseropositive for plague, but nine Norway rats, R. norvegicus (4.1% of the sample tested) were seropositive fortoxoplasmosis, and 22 R. norvegicus (10.0% of sample tested) were seropositive for leptospirosis. Disease endemicareas were concentrated in Cato Crest and the commercial district of durban. Serology tests of humans living inCato Crest (n = 219) showed 0% exposure to plague, 23% to leptospirosis and 35% to toxoplasmosis. Comparedwith shack-dwellers, the residents of brick houses had slightly lower levels of exposure to leptospirosis andtoxoplasmosis. Based on our results, environmental hygiene and rodent-trapping campaigns were launched in CatoCrest. The initiative owes much of its current success to implementation of the principles inherent in the BostonModel, even though certain elements were lacking.

关键词： durban leptospirosis plague rodent zoonoses toxoplasmosis.

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