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A new perspective to develop regiorandom polymer acceptors with high active layer ductility,excellent device stability,and high efficiency approaching 17%

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Carbon Energy 2023年第2期5卷 216-224页

作者： Qunping Fan Ruijie Ma Wenyan Su Qinglian Zhu Zhenghui Luo Kai Chen Yabing Tang Francis RLin Yuxiang Li He Yan Chuluo Yang Alex K.-Y.Jen Wei Ma State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina Department of Chemistry Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyKowloonHong KongChina School of Materials Science and Engineering Xi'an University of Science and TechnologyXi'anShaanxiChina Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology Shenzhen UniversityShenzhenGuangdongChina Department of Chemistry City University of Hong KongKowloonHong KongChina

The recently reported efficient polymerized small-molecule acceptors(PSMAs)usually adopt a regioregular backbone by polymerizing small-molecule acceptors precursors with a low-reactivity 5-brominated 3-(dicyanomethylidene)indan-1-one(IC)end group or its derivatives,leading to low molecular weight,and thus reduce active layer mechanical properties.Herein,a series of newly designed chlorinated PSMAs originating from isomeric IC end groups are developed by adjusting chlorinated positions and copolymerized sites on end groups to achieve high molecular weight,favorable intermolecular interaction,and improved physicochemical properties.Compared with regioregular PY2Se-Cl-o and PY2Se-Cl-m,regiorandom PY2Se-Cl-ran has a similar absorption profile,moderate lowest unoccupied molecular orbital level,and favorable intermolecular packing and crystallization properties.Moreover,the binary PM6:PY2Se-Cl-ran blend achieves better ductility with a crack-onset strain of 17.5% and improved power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 16.23% in all-polymer solar cells(all-PSCs)due to the higher molecular weight of PY2Se-Cl-ran and optimized blend morphology,while the ternary PM6:J71:PY2Se-Cl-ran blend offers an impressive PCE approaching 17% and excellent device stability,which are all crucial for potential practical applications of all-PSCs in wearable electronics.To date,the efficiency of 16.86% is the highest value reported for the regiorandom PSMAs-based all-PSCs and is also one of the best values reported for the all-PSCs.Our work provides a new perspective to develop efficient all-PSCs,with all high active layer ductility,impressive PCE,and excellent device stability,towards practical applications.

关键词： all-polymer solar cells chlorination ductility power conversion efficiency regiorandom polymer acceptors

Off-stoichiometry-guided design of high-strength chemically complex intermetallic-based alloys with outstanding ductility

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2023年第29期160卷 28-33页

作者： Bo Xiao Jixun Zhang Shaofei Liu Yilu Zhao Lianyong Xu C.T.Liu Tao Yang Department of Materials Science and Engineering Mechanical Behavior Division of Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials ScienceCity University of Hong KongHong KongChina Center for Advanced Nuclear Safety and Sustainable Development City University of Hong KongHong KongChina Hong Kong Institute for Advanced Study City University of Hong KongHong KongChina School of Materials Science and Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology(Shenzhen)Shenzhen 518055China School of Materials Science and Engineering Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300350China

1.Introduction The lasting drive for improved energy efficiency in power gen-eration encourages the innovative design of advanced structural materials with superb mechanical properties[1-6].Among these materials,ordered intermetallic alloys[7-9],as a unique class of metallic materials,have drawn increasing concern from both the scientific and industrial communities due to their intriguing high-temperature properties,strong chemical binding,and low atomic mobility[10,11].However,in light of the insufficient number of slip systems and/or intrinsically weak grain boundary(GB),they are usually brittle at ambient temperature,severely hindering their practical use in engineering systems[12].Previous studies reported that the change in alloy stoichiometry has a significant beneficial effect on the ductility of intermetallic alloys.For instance,Liu et al.

关键词： intermetallic ductility alloys

Cu-rich nanoprecipitates modified using Al to simultaneously enhance the strength and ductility of ferritic stainless steel

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2022年第26期121卷 93-98页

作者： Mingkun Jiang Ying Han Xiangyi Chen Guoqing Zu Weiwei Zhu Xu Ran Key Laboratory of Advanced Structural Materials Ministry of EducationChangchun University of TechnologyChangchun 130012China School of Materials Science and Engineering Changchun University of TechnologyChangchun 130012China

1. Introduction Nanoprecipitation strengthening has always been a concern in steel materials, and this approach is one of the most proven and effective strengthening methods [1–3]. However, the increase in strength due to the nanoprecipitates often corresponds to a decrease in ductility [4,5], and this conflicting relationship between strength and ductility has attracted the attention of researchers,who have sought to find a balance between strength and ductility [6–8].

关键词： ductility strength steel

Strength-ductility synergy in a 1.4 GPa austenitic steel with a heterogeneous lamellar microstructure

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2022年第11期106卷 133-138页

作者： Gang Niu Hatem S.Zurob R.D.K.Misra Huibin Wu Yu Zou Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of TorontoTorontoONM5S 3E4Canada Collaborative Innovation Center of Steel TechnologyUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Department of Materials Science and Engineering McMaster UniversityHamiltonONL8S 4L7Canada Department of Metallurgical Materials and Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Texas at El PasoEl PasoTX 79968USA Collaborative Innovation Center of Steel Technology University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of TorontoTorontoONM5S 3E4Canada

1.Introduction Advanced high-strength steels with good ductility are essen-tial to the manufacturing,structural safety,and light-weighting of load-bearing structures in many industries[1-3].Austenitic stain-less steel(ASS)exhibits high ductility due to the TRIP and/or TWIP effect that can alleviate stress concentration,prevent void nucle-ation,enhance work hardening,and postpone necking[4-6].The yield strength of conventional ASS is generally low(∼200-500 MPa),and their deformation resistance is insufficient for many load-bearing applications[6].Previous studies reported the in-creased yield strength in various austenitic steels through grain refinement,dislocation strengthening,precipitation strengthening,and heterogeneous hardening[7-14].A single strengthening mech-anism,however,is typically insufficient to obtain ultrahigh yield strength over 1 GPa in austenitic steel[12].

关键词： steel ductility austenitic

The opposite effect of β_(1)/ β″ on the ductility of aged Mg-3Nd-3Gd-0.2Zn-0.5Zr alloy

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2023年第18期149卷 67-72页

作者： He Xie Guohua Wu Xin Tong Rui Jiang Liang Zhang Wencai Liu National Engineering Research Center of Light Alloy Net Forming and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites School of Materials Science and EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong University200240 ShanghaiChina

1.Introduction Magnesium alloys containing rare earth elements(Mg-RE al-loys)are attractive structural materials for aerospace,defense,and automotive industries due to their relatively high strength,low density,and good castability[1-4].For casting Mg-RE alloys such as Mg-Nd,Mg-Gd,and Mg-Gd-Y,their high performance is mainly ascribed to a significant precipitation strengthening[5-7].

关键词： alloys ductility alloy

Effect of Exchange-Correlation Functional on the Structural, Mechanical, and Optoelectronic Properties of Orthorhombic RbSrBr3 Perovskite

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Materials Sciences and Applications 2024年第6期15卷 137-154页

作者： Fatema Najrin Rabeya Bakar Sarna Md. Alamin Sarker Budrun Neher Md. Mahbubur Rahman Bhuiyan Farid Ahmed Department of Physics Jahangirnagar University Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Green University of Bangladesh Purbachal American City Kanchan Rupganj Narayanganj-1461 Dhaka Bangladesh

In the present study, the effect of the exchange-correlation functional on the structural, mechanical, and optoelectronic properties of orthorhombic RbSrBr3 perovskite has been investigated using various functionals in Density Functional Theory (DFT) with the CASTEP code. The optimized lattice parameters are quite similar for all the functionals. The electronic properties have shown that RbSrBr3 perovskite is a wide direct band gap compound with a band gap energy ranging from 4.296 eV to 4.494 eV for all the functionals. The mechanical parameters like elastic constants, Young’s modulus, Shear modulus, Poisson’s ratio, Pugh’s ratio, and an anisotropic factor reveal that the RbSrBr3 perovskite has ductile behavior and an anisotropic nature which signifies the mechanical stability of the compound. The Debye temperature might withstand lattice vibration heat. High absorption coefficient (>104 cm−1), high optical conductivity, and very low reflectivity have been found in the RbSrBr3 perovskite for all functions. The computed findings on the RbSrBr3 perovskite suggested that the presented studied material is potentially applicable for photodetector and optoelectronic devices.

关键词： Density Functional Theory Mechanical Properties Photodetector ductility Anisotropic Factor

Experimental Investigation on the Strength and ductility Performance of Steel-Timber-Steel Joints with Screw and Steel-Tube Fasteners

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2023年第12期11卷 4175-4195页

作者： Huifeng Yang Mingwang Wu Rixin Gu Hang Cao Kai Xiao Benkai Shi College of Civil Engineering Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjing211816China

This article presents experimental results of steel-timber-steel(STS)joints loaded parallel to grain.Eight groups of specimens were designed,and tensile tests were performed.The fastener types and fastener numbers were considered to evaluate the tensile strengths and ductility performances of the STS joints.The screws with 6 mm diameter and the innovative steel-tubes with 18 mm diameter were adopted as connecting fasteners.The experimental results were discussed in terms of yielding and ultimate strengths,slip stiffness,and ductility factors.The ductility classification and failure mechanisms of each group of specimens were analyzed.It was demonstrated that the STS joint with large diameter steel-tubes showed acceptable ductility,which was close to the ductility of the STS joint with small diameter screws,thanks to the hollow structure of the steel-tube.The theoretical strengths of various failure modes for the joints with small diameter screws or large diameter steel-tubes were calculated and compared with the experimental results.The ductile performance of the STS joint was discussed by comparing the theoretical strengths of various failure modes.The effective number of the STS joint with multifasteners was also analyzed by considering the failure mechanisms in aspects of tensile strength and slip stiffness.

关键词： Steel-timber-steel joint screw steel-tube ductility experimental investigation timber structure

ductility Anisotropy Induced by Ferrite in Direct Laser Deposited 17-4 PH Steel: Combined Microstructure and Dislocation Density Simulation

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2021年第6期34卷 765-776页

作者： Chuanfeng Wu Junmei Chen Zhiyuan Yu Hao Lu Chun Yu Jijin Xu Shanghai Key Laboratory of Materials Laser Processing and Modification School of Materials Science and EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China

The anisotropic ductility of a direct laser deposited 17-4 PH cubic part was investigated.Anisotropic elongations in the specimens from varied surfaces of the part were obtained:~6.2%,~1.5%,and~4.5%in XY,YZ,and XZ samples,respectively.Furthermore,various orientations of ferrite were found in different specimens,taking the loading direction as reference.A finite element analysis depending on actual microstructures and dislocation density revealed that the orientation of ferrite caused the ductility anisotropy.The orientation of ferrite affected its plastic deformability and the deformation compatibility between phases during the uniaxial loading.The ferrite parallel to the tensile direction in the YZ sample had the worst deformability and induced severe strain localization and stress triaxiality,which resulted in inferior ductility.The ferrite perpendicular to the tensile direction showed the best deformability,whereas strain localization remained intense in the XZ sample owing to the unmatched deformability of martensite.The inclined ferrite in the XY sample exhibited moderate deformability and was found to enhance the plastic flow of martensite,leading to the best deformation compatibility and ductility.

关键词： Direct laser deposition Stainless steel ductility Anisotropy Microstructure Finite element analysis

ductility of copper films on sandblasting polyimide substrates

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2010年第8期53卷 2215-2221页

作者： YANG JinShui,XU Wei,WANG Fei&LU TianJian MOE Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration,Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi’an 710049 MOE Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an China

Different surface morphologies of polyimide(PI)foils widely applied in flexible electronics were obtained using the technique of sandblasting.Copper(Cu)films were subsequently deposited on the treated surface of PI substrates.Upon tensile loading, the critical strain,crack density and count of cracks were measured to examine the ductility of Cu films on PI substrates.Obtained results show that after sandblasting treatment,the critical strain of Cu film decreases from 8.0%to 6.9%and,in comparison with the case without sandblasting,its surface crack density decreases remarkably,with no saturation of the crack density.The reduced crack density is attributed to the increase of contact area and interfacial adhesion after sandblasting,and whether the crack density is saturated or not is dependent upon the morphology of the cracks formed as a function of tensile strain.

关键词： flexible electronics sandblasting surface roughness copper films ductility