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A Hybrid Immigrants Scheme for Genetic Algorithms in Dynamic Environments

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International Journal of Automation and computing 2007年第3期4卷 243-254页

作者： Shengxiang Yang Renato Tinós Department of Computer Science University of LeicesterLeicester LE1 7RHUK Department of Physics and Mathematics FFCLRPUniversity of Sao PauloRibeir Preto 14040-901Brazil

Dynamic optimization problems are a kind of optimization problems that involve changes over time. They pose a serious challenge to traditional optimization methods as well as conventional genetic algorithms since the goal is no longer to search for the optimal solution（s） of a fixed problem but to track the moving optimum over time. Dynamic optimization problems have attracted a growing interest from the genetic algorithm community in recent years. Several approaches have been developed to enhance the performance of genetic algorithms in dynamic environments. One approach is to maintain the diversity of the population via random immigrants. This paper proposes a hybrid immigrants scheme that combines the concepts of elitism, dualism and random immigrants for genetic algorithms to address dynamic optimization problems. In this hybrid scheme, the best individual, i.e., the elite, from the previous generation and its dual individual are retrieved as the bases to create immigrants via traditional mutation scheme. These elitism-based and dualism-based immigrants together with some random immigrants are substituted into the current population, replacing the worst individuals in the population. These three kinds of immigrants aim to address environmental changes of slight, medium and significant degrees respectively and hence efficiently adapt genetic algorithms to dynamic environments that are subject to different severities of changes. Based on a series of systematically constructed dynamic test problems, experiments are carried out to investigate the performance of genetic algorithms with the hybrid immigrants scheme and traditional random immigrants scheme. Experimental results validate the efficiency of the proposed hybrid immigrants scheme for improving the performance of genetic algorithms in dynamic environments.

关键词： Genetic algorithms random immigrants elitism-based immigrants dualism dynamic optimization problems.

The Knowledge Argument against Physicalism： Its Proponents and Its Opponents

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Frontiers of Philosophy in China 2012年第2期7卷 304-316页

作者： ZHAO Yanyan Department of Philosophy Fujian Academy of Social SciencesFuzhou 350001China

The knowledge argument usually takes the form of a thought experiment where the subject, having some psychological deficiency, lacks any introspective data to derive the knowledge of her experience. Most defenders of the knowledge argument see the argument as both a support of dualism and an objection to any full-blooded form of physicalism. However, this paper argues that the knowledge argument against physicalism may be directed, in an exactly parallel form, against reductive dualism; moreover, although most physicalists who are the opponents of the knowledge argument do not give any convincing response to the knowledge argument, some kinds ofphysicalism can live with the knowledge argument.

关键词： knowledge argument physicalism dualism

心灵哲学中二元论和自然主义发展的新趋势—以查默斯自然主义二元论为线索

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Consciousness, Free Will, and the Sciences of the Mind

外国哲学 2012年第5期 43-50页

作者：高新民

当代心灵哲学中的自然主义和二元论除了延续原来的对立、攻讦的关系之外，还出现了相互靠拢、吸纳、融合的新趋势，乃至诞生了融两者于一体的自然主义二元论。查默斯认为，意识是一种自然现象，其产生和存在既离不开物理实在所表现出的... 详细信息

当代心灵哲学中的自然主义和二元论除了延续原来的对立、攻讦的关系之外，还出现了相互靠拢、吸纳、融合的新趋势，乃至诞生了融两者于一体的自然主义二元论。查默斯认为，意识是一种自然现象，其产生和存在既离不开物理实在所表现出的功能组织，又根源于物理实在隐结构中存在的“心原”。意识一经产生，就有自己不同于物理实在的独立存在地位。自然主义二元论尽管还只是一种猜想，但完成了对传统二元论的许多超越，在承认意识有依赖于物理实在的一面的同时，还把意识结构与大脑结构的同型关系、意识与功能组织的协变关系概括成心理物理规律。由于不完全对立于科学，因此有助推人工智能发展的作用。

关键词：意识二元论自然主义自然主义二元论 consciousness dualism naturalism naturalistic dualism

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Frontiers of Philosophy in China 2018年第3期13卷 394-401页

作者： Timothy O'Connor Department of Philosophy Indiana University Bloomington IN 47405 USA

In his review of the trio of philosopher-scientist dialogues on the nature and capacities of the human mind, Paul Thagard （2018） advocates clearly and forcefully for a fairly extreme position, which he advances as preferable to an equally extreme alternative. I will suggest a middle path that becomes attractive when one attends not just to the range of data now pouring forth from the sciences of mind but also to our own experience as minded individuals.

关键词： consciousness free will emergence qualia dualism cognitivescience first-person perspective

Aristotle, the Intellect, and Cognition

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Frontiers of Philosophy in China 2014年第2期9卷 229-240页

作者： Thomas M. Robinson Department of Philosophy University of Toronto Toronto Ontario M5R 2M8 Canada

It is argued in this paper that the famous ＂Active Intellect＂ of De Anima 3.5 is not God, as Alexander of Aphrodisias held, but rather an unchanging, eternally cognizing Intellect which serves as the indispensable condition for the operation of human intellect. It is ＂at the door＂ for each individual, ready to flow in as a stream of light--a light which renders potential objects of cognition knowable, just as visible light makes potentially visible objects visible--from outside that door （thyrathen） any time it is opened. Its existence cannot serve, however, as a proof of the immortality of human intellect, since, being unchanging, it can never possess a feature of human intellect which is characterized by nothing if not change, and that is memory.

关键词： Active Intellect Aristotle cognition dualism essentialism,immortality memory perception Prime Mover soul

A Comprehensive Overview on Various Mind-Body Models

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Journal of Philosophy Study 2021年第11期11卷 810-819页

作者： MA Yue CUI Weicheng Westlake University HangzhouChina Westlake Institute for Advanced Study HangzhouChina

To understand what the relation between the mind and body is,philosophers and scientists have done quite a lot of work,but their opinions are controversial and this problem is known as mind-body *** and body are thought to be separated in ancient Greek and ancient India and both of the two civilizations emphasize the dominated role of mind in the mind-body ***,modern sciences such as biology are based on materialism and they think that mental phenomena are entirely dependent upon brain.A series of philosophical groups focusing on the mind-body problem,such as physicalism and dualism,have been developed based on traditional views and scientific *** this paper,a comprehensive overview and comparison to various theoretical mind-body models are carried out and based on the relativity of simultaneity axiom we recently proposed,we concluded that mind and body should be two independent existences and any theory based on monist philosophy such as materialism,idealism and Christianity cannot satisfy the logical consistency requirement while the trialism of matter,energy and information is unnecessary.

关键词： mind-body dichotomy comparison the relativity of simultaneity axiom general system perspective ontology matter energy information monism dualism trialism

Participation in the Concept or in the Event： Two Ways of Existence of Human Being

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Journal of Philosophy Study 2017年第2期7卷 53-65页

作者： Augustinas Dainys Lithuanian University of Educational Sciences

This paper discusses two alternative ways of existence of the human being： participation in the concept of reason and participation in the events of the world. It is argued that the traditional Western philosophy from Parmenides and Plato to R. Descartes, I. Kant, and G. Hegel can be described as the participation in the concept of reason. This tradition is characterized by the goal to assimilate the things of the world by concept of reason and in accordance with a project reason, to change the world. This led to the ecological catastrophe. We can overcome ecological catastrophe successfully only when we change the paradigm and shift to the paradigm of participation in the events of the world. The article is based on A. Badiou＇s conception of event which is contrasted with Descartes＇ conception of the event. Argumentation of the article shows the importance of B. Spinoza＇s monistic philosophy for our epoch, which is struck by the ecological disaster. This philosophy is not characterised by the war between things and thoughts, because both thoughts and things are attributes expressing the same God or Nature and are not in conflict with one another.

关键词： concept event dualism monism causality causeless universe

An Essay on the Double Nature of the Probability

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Advances in Pure Mathematics 2012年第5期2卷 305-309页

作者： Paolo Rocchi Leonida Gianfagna IBM via Shangai 53 Roma Italy

Classical statistics and Bayesian statistics refer to the frequentist and subjective theories of probability respectively. Von Mises and De Finetti, who authored those conceptualizations, provide interpretations of the probability that appear incompatible. This discrepancy raises ample debates and the foundations of the probability calculus emerge as a tricky, open issue so far. Instead of developing philosophical discussion, this research resorts to analytical and mathematical methods. We present two theorems that sustain the validity of both the frequentist and the subjective views on the probability. Secondly we show how the double facets of the probability turn out to be consistent within the present logical frame.

关键词： Theory of Probability Subjectivism Frequentism Theorem of Large Numbers Probability dualism

The World,Seen From Within(Ⅰ)On the Enminded Body:Spinoza,Descartes,and the Philosophy of Cognition

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Language and Semiotic Studies 2016年第1期2卷 2-15页

作者： Per Aage Brandt Case Western Reserve University USA

Ontologically, Baruch Spinoza and René Descartes take significantly different stands on truth, mind and meaning. In this respect, the latter can be regarded as the founder of modern epistemology, phenomenology, and scientific thinking. Nevertheless, Spinoza's mysticism and certain resounding Spinozist rejections of Cartesian rationalism can be found at the root of modern analytic philosophy and, even more surprisingly, in most basic assumptions of current cognitive science. The main issue of this "metaphysical" debate is the status of mind, consciousness, mental representations, truth, and meaning in general, and therefore the debate concerns the possibility of a cognitive semantics.

关键词： monism dualism Spinozism Cartesianism cognitive ontologies metaphysics of meaning