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Understanding Poison:Study of a Word du from the Perspective of Comparative History

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Chinese Medicine and Culture 2023年第3期6卷 290-296页

作者： LIU Yan GUO Zhiheng Department of History State University of New YorkBuffalo 14260USA 不详

This article investigates the word du(毒)in premodern Chinese medicine and culture.It highlights the paradoxical meaning of the word that served as a foundation for the therapeutic use of poisons in traditional Chinese medicine.The article then situates the study in a comparative framework.By comparing the Chinese notion of du with the Greek concept of pharmakon,it demonstrates significant similarities on the medical use of poisons in the two cultures.It further identifies a striking difference:While the European pharmacy started to separate poisons from medicines in the medieval era,poisons remained an integral part of healing repertoire throughout imperial China.The article ends with offering some cultural explanations for this divergence,and more broadly,a distinct worldview as revealed by the intimate relationship between poisons and medicines in traditional Chinese pharmacy.

关键词： Aconite Comparative history du Materia Medica Medicine Pharmacy Pharmakon Poison

Impact of parameter fluctuations on the performance of ethanol precipitation in production of Re du Ning Injections, based on HPLC fingerprints and principal component analysis

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Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines 2016年第1期14卷 73-80页

作者： SUN Li-Qiong WANG Shu-Yao LI Yan-Jing WANG Yong-Xiang WANG Zhen-Zhong HUANG Wen-Zhe WANG Yue-Sheng BI Yu-An DING Gang XIAO Wei State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Lianyungang 222001 China Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. Lianyungang 222001 China

The present study was designed to determine the relationships between the performance of ethanol precipitation and seven process parameters in the ethanol precipitation process of Re du Ning Injections,including concentrate density,concentrate temperature,ethanol content,flow rate and stir rate in the addition of ethanol,precipitation time,and precipitation temperature.Under the experimental and simulated production conditions,a series of precipitated resultants were prepared by changing these variables one by one,and then examined by HPLC fingerprint analyses.Different from the traditional evaluation model based on single or a few constituents,the fingerprint data of every parameter fluctuation test was processed with Principal Component Analysis(PCA)to comprehensively assess the performance of ethanol precipitation.Our results showed that concentrate density,ethanol content,and precipitation time were the most important parameters that influence the recovery of active compounds in precipitation resultants.The present study would provide some reference for pharmaceutical scientists engaged in research on pharmaceutical process optimization and help pharmaceutical enterprises adapt a scientific and reasonable cost-effective approach to ensure the batch-to-batch quality consistency of the final products.

关键词： Traditional Chinese Medicines Ethanol precipitation Re du Ning Injections Process parameter Principal Component Analysis

Concentrations of α-and β-defensins in gastric juice of patients with various gastroduodenal diseases

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第1期11卷 99-103页

作者： YoshitoNishi HajimeIsomoto HiroshiMukae HiroshiIshimoto Chun-YangWen AkihiroWada KenOhnita YoheiMizuta IkuoMurata ToshiyaHirayama MasamitsuNakazato ShigeruKohno SecondDepartmentofInternalMedicine NagasakiUniversitySchoolofMedicineSakamoto1-7-1NagasakiJapan DepartmentofMolecularPathology AtomicBombDiseaseInstituteNagasakiUniversitySchoolofMedicineSakamoto12-4NagasakiJapan DepartmentofBacteriology InstituteofTropicalMedicineNagasakiUnive~itySchoolofMedicineSakamoto12-4NagasakiJapan ThirdDepartmentofInternalMedicine MiyazakiMedicalCollegeKiyotakeMiyazakiJapan

AIM: To determine the concentration of α- and β-defensins in gastric juice of patients with various gastroduodenal diseases.METHODS: Concentrations of human neutrophil peptides (HNPs) 1-3, the major forms of α-defensins, and human β-defensin (HBD)-1 and HBD-2 were measured by radioimmunoassay in plasma and gastric juice of 84 subjects,consisting of 54 Helicobacter pylori-infected and 30 uninfected subjects. They included 33 patients with chronic gastritis (CG),12 with gastric ulcer (GU), 11 with duodenal ulcer (du), 11with benign gastric polyp (BGP) and 16 with normal mucosa (N group) on upper endoscopy. Plasma pepsinogen Ⅰ and Ⅱ levels, biomarkers for gastric mucosal inflammation and atrophy, were also measured.RESULTS: Gastric juice HNPs 1-3 levels in patients with CG, GU and BGP were significantly higher than those in patients with du and N. Gastric juice HBD-2 concentrations in patients with CG and GU were significantly higher than those in the N group, but were significantly lower in du patients than in GU patients. Gastric juice HBD-1 levels and plasma levels of these peptides were similar in the patient groups.Concentrations of gastric juice HNPs 1-3 and HBD-2 of in Hpylori-infected patients were significantly different from those in uninfected subjects. HNPs 1-3 concentrations in gastric juice correlated negatively with plasma pepsinogen I levels and Ⅰ/Ⅱ ratios. HBD-2 levels in gastric juice correlated positively and negatively with plasma pepsinogen Ⅱ concentrations and Ⅰ/Ⅱ ratios, respectively.CONCLUSION: HNPs 1-3 and HBD-2 levels in gastric juice are diverse among various gastrointestinal diseases, reflecting the inflammatory and atrophic events of the background gastric mucosa affected by H pylorri.

关键词： HBD-2 GU du CG BGP AIM

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du/Au复合平面膜大气寿命研究

原子能科学技术 2014年第7期48卷 1331-1335页

作者：杨蒙生邢丕峰易泰民赵利平郑凤成中国工程物理研究院激光聚变研究中心四川绵阳621900

黑腔材料的大气寿命是点火黑腔的重要指标之一，寿命实验是黑腔研制中的必要环节。本文通过X射线光电子能谱方法分析了du/Au平面膜储存于大气环境中O含量及其分布随时间的变化规律，利用X射线衍射仪测试了相同情况下薄膜的结晶状态。实... 详细信息

黑腔材料的大气寿命是点火黑腔的重要指标之一，寿命实验是黑腔研制中的必要环节。本文通过X射线光电子能谱方法分析了du/Au平面膜储存于大气环境中O含量及其分布随时间的变化规律，利用X射线衍射仪测试了相同情况下薄膜的结晶状态。实验证明，这种平面膜大气寿命（O原子百分数低于5％）在18-21 d之间，此期间内薄膜晶体结构无明显变化，未检测到氧化物结晶信号。

关键词： du Au 平面膜大气寿命

TREATMENT OF HISTAMINE HEADACHE WITH ACUPUNCTURE ON DAZHUI(du 14)

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 1991年第4期11卷 256-257页

作者：李一清 Changchun College of Traditional Chinese Medicine Jilin Province

Histamine headache is refractory totreatment.The author treated 2 cases withsuccess and reported in the following is oneof the cases:Mr.Dai ××,a man of 38 years,wasadmitted to the ward on Dec.8,1987.

关键词： refractory headache du 14 sensation nerves needle intravenous tired nausea lumbar

黄芩苷诱导前列腺癌细胞株du145凋亡的体外研究

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中国中药杂志 2005年第1期30卷 63-66页

作者：顾正勤孙颖浩许传亮刘毅第二军医大学长海医院泌尿外科上海200433

目的 :探讨黄芩苷诱导前列腺癌细胞株du14 5凋亡的作用机制。方法 :采用不同浓度的黄芩苷处理细胞后 ,用流式细胞仪检测前列腺癌细胞du14 5的凋亡率及细胞周期分布 ;电镜下观察细胞超微结构 ;免疫组织化学染色检测凋亡相关蛋白的表达。... 详细信息

目的 :探讨黄芩苷诱导前列腺癌细胞株du14 5凋亡的作用机制。方法 :采用不同浓度的黄芩苷处理细胞后 ,用流式细胞仪检测前列腺癌细胞du14 5的凋亡率及细胞周期分布 ;电镜下观察细胞超微结构 ;免疫组织化学染色检测凋亡相关蛋白的表达。结果 :5 0 ,12 5 μmol·L-1黄芩苷能诱导前列腺癌细胞du14 5凋亡 ,凋亡率与剂量正相关 ;du14 5随药物浓度及作用时间变化 ,细胞周期分布呈现G1期细胞比例逐渐增高 ,并出现典型的凋亡峰 ;电镜下可见特征性的凋亡小体 ;免疫组织化学染色提示bcl 2在药物处理的du14 5中表达下调 ,Bax表达缺失 ,Fas表达上调。结论 :黄芩苷能诱导前列腺癌细胞凋亡 ,并明显抑制癌细胞增殖。

关键词：前列腺癌细胞 du 黄芩苷凋亡率诱导细胞周期分布体外研究药物处理镜下观察浓度

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小妖怪,大妖怪

小学生导刊（低年级版） 2023年第3期 44-49页

作者：张建梅不详

七七,弯弯森林里的一只红毛小妖怪(yao guai)。要知道,每一只小妖怪都喜欢吓唬(xia hu)别人,因为每吓唬一个人,小妖怪便会长高一寸。个子最高的妖怪就是最厉害的妖怪。七七当然也想吓唬吓唬别人。谁不想成为最厉害的妖怪呢?这天,兔子们... 详细信息

七七,弯弯森林里的一只红毛小妖怪(yao guai)。要知道,每一只小妖怪都喜欢吓唬(xia hu)别人,因为每吓唬一个人,小妖怪便会长高一寸。个子最高的妖怪就是最厉害的妖怪。七七当然也想吓唬吓唬别人。谁不想成为最厉害的妖怪呢?这天,兔子们正在野餐,洁白的餐布上堆(dui)满了好吃的东西。“今天的天气真好。”

关键词：兔子妖怪 du

胃肠道血管畸形的发病机制及沙利度胺对其治疗作用的机制

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中华内科杂志 2012年第5期51卷 385-389页

作者：冯倩谭红红戈之铮高云杰陈慧敏房静远萧树东上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院消化内科上海市消化疾病研究所 200001

目的探讨胃肠道血管畸形（GIVM）的发病机制及沙利度胺治疗GIVM所致消化道出血的作用机制。方法收集10例因GIVM导致消化道大出血而行部分肠切除术患者的病变组织、非病变组织以及非GIVM患者的正常肠黏膜组织，分别进行免疫组化染色检... 详细信息

目的探讨胃肠道血管畸形（GIVM）的发病机制及沙利度胺治疗GIVM所致消化道出血的作用机制。方法收集10例因GIVM导致消化道大出血而行部分肠切除术患者的病变组织、非病变组织以及非GIVM患者的正常肠黏膜组织，分别进行免疫组化染色检测血管生成素2（Ang-2）、Notch1、Dll4的表达。体外培养人脐静脉内皮细胞（HUVEC）至对数生长期，同步化后分别用4种浓度的沙利度胺（25、50、100、200 mg/L）刺激24 h或48 h，另设溶剂对照组。实时定量PCR法测定沙利度胺刺激24 h后各组Ang-2、Notch1、Dll4 mRNA的表达水平，Western blot法测定沙利度胺作用48 h后各组Ang-2、Notch1、Dll4蛋白的表达水平。结果免疫组化染色显示GIVM病变肠段血管扩张、扭曲，与GIVM患者的非病变组织及非GIVM患者的正常肠黏膜组织相比，其Ang-2、Notch1、Dll4的表达明显增强，且Ang-2的表达与Notch1、Dll4的表达水平呈正相关（r值均为0.732，P值均为0.016），Dll4与Notch1的表达呈完全正相关（r=1.000,P=0.000）。实时定量PCR和Western blot结果提示，沙利度胺能明显抑制Ang-2、Notch1及Dll4 的mRNA和蛋白表达，且这种抑制作用呈剂量相关。结论Ang-2、Notch1、Dll4可能与GIVM的发病机制相关，沙利度胺可抑制其表达，且具有剂量依赖性。这一作用可能是沙利度胺抑制血管生成，从而有效治疗GIVM所致消化道出血的机制之一。

关键词：血管畸形胃肠道新生血管化病理性沙利度胺血管生成素2 Notch1 du 4

超级利刃出鞘又快又猛的KTM 890 duKE R

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摩托车 2023年第4期 58-69页

作者：李文韬戴祖念(图) 不详

2019年米兰车展上,KTM全新中量级街车890duKER正式亮相。作为KTM790duKER的“Plus”版车型,890duKER在多个维度都有惊人的提升。今年,KTM正式将这款车引入市场,售价12.68万元。

关键词： KTM du 车展