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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2022年第4期32卷 589-604页

作者： FENG Huihui DING Ying ZOU Bin COHEN Jason Blake YE Shuchao YANG Zhuolin QIN Kai LIU Lei GU Xiaodong School of Geosciences and Info-Physics Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China Key Laboratory of Metallogenic Prediction of Nonferrous Metals and Geological Environment Monitoring of Chinese Ministry of Education Changsha 410083China School of Atmospheric Sciences Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275China School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics China University of Mining and TechnologyXuzhou 221116JiangsuChina College of Earth and Environmental Sciences Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Guangzhou Center for Rule of Green Development Law Studies Guangdong University of Foreign StudiesGuangzhou 510420China Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Guangzhou) Guangzhou 511458China

Vegetation plays an important role in the dry deposition of particles with significant spatial variability,but the magnitude remains unclear at the global scale.With the aid of satellite products,this study estimated the vegetation-related dry deposition of fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5)).Methodologically,dry deposition was first calculated using an empirical algorithm.Then,deposition on the leaf surface was estimated to evaluate the influence of vegetation.Our results showed that the mean deposition velocity(V_(d))of global PM_(2.5)was 0.91×10^(-3)μg·m^(-2)·s^(-1),with high velocities observed in sparsely vegetated regions because of the high friction velocity.Under the combined effect of the PM_(2.5)mass concentration and deposition velocity,the global mean dry deposition reached 0.47 g·m-^(2)·yr^(-1).Global vegetation absorbed 0.26 g·m-^(2)·yr^(-1)from PM_(2.5)pollution sources,contributing 54.98%of the total dry deposition.Spatially,vegetation-related dry deposition was high in the Amazon,Central Africa and East China due to dense vegetation coverage or serious pollution.Temporally,the increasing trends were mainly in Central Africa and India because of worsening air pollution.The results of this study helped to clarify the impact of vegetation on air pollution,which supported related land management and planning for air quality improvement.

关键词： air pollution PM_(2.5) dry deposition vegetation change globe satellite

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Numerical and experimental study of the effects of wind turbine operation on sand-dust transport characteristics

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第4期67卷 97-113页

作者： Gaosheng Ma Hong Han Ye Li Deshun Li Yan Wang Ning Fu Quan Zheng Rennian Li School of Energy and Power Engineering Lanzhou University of TechnologyLanzhou 730050China Gansu Provincial Technology Center for Wind Turbines Lanzhou 730050China Key Laboratory of Fluid Machinery and Systems Lanzhou 730050China Multiple Function Towing Tank Laboratory State Key Laboratory of Ocean EngineeringSchool of Naval ArchitectureOcean and Civil EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China

Given factors such as reduced land availability for onshore wind farms,wind resource enrichment levels,and costs,there is a growing trend of establishing wind farms in deserts,the Gobi,and other arid regions.Therefore,the relationship between sanddust weather environments and wind turbine operations has garnered significant attention.To investigate the impact of wind turbine wakes on sand-dust transportation,this study employs large eddy simulation to model flow fields,coupled with an actuator line model for simulating rotating blades and a multiphase particle in cell model for simulating sand particles.The research focuses on a horizontal axis wind turbine model and examines the motion and spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of four typical sizes of sand particles in the turbine wake.The findings reveal that sand particles of varying sizes exhibit a spiral settling pattern after traversing the rotating plane of wind turbine blades,influenced by blade shedding vortex and gravity.Sand particles tend to cluster in the peripheries of the vortex cores of low vorticity in the wind turbine wake.The rotation of wind turbines generates a wake vortex structure that causes a significant clustering of sand particles at the tip vortex.As the wake distance increases,the particles that cluster at the turbine's tip gradually spread outward to approximately twice the rotor diameter and then begin to mix with the incoming flow environment.Wind turbines have a noticeable impact on sand-dust transportation,hindering their movement to a significant extent.The average sand-blocking rate exhibits a trend of initially increasing and then decreasing as the wake distance increases.At its peak,the sand-blocking rate reaches an impressive 67.55%.The presence of wind turbines induces the advanced settling of sand particles,resulting in a“triangular”distribution of the deposition within the ground projection area of the wake.

关键词： wind turbine particle transportation actuator line model dry deposition particle clustering

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Atmospheric wet and dry deposition of dissolved inorganic nitrogen to the South China Sea

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Science China Earth Sciences 2020年第9期63卷 1339-1352页

作者： Ying GAO Lifang WANG Xianghui GUO Yi XU Li LUO State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361102China College of Ocean and Earth Sciences Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361102China Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361102China Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Causes and Control of Atmospheric Pollution East China University of TechnologyNanchang 330013China

At the global scale,atmospheric inputs of nitrogen are an important source of the new nitrogen that supports new marine production,especially in oligotrophic open oceans and marginal seas.This study reports quantities of atmospheric deposition of dissolved inorganic nitrogen(DIN)to the largest marginal sea in the North Pacific(the oligotrophic South China Sea,SCS)based primarily on rainwater sampling in the open northwestern region(Yongxing Island)from 2013 to 2015,and aerosol sampling from the SCS basin in June 2017.Atmospheric wet and dry deposition of DIN and their potential contributions to productivity were estimated.The volume-weighted mean rainwater concentrations during the wet and dry seasons were 4.9 and 18.1μmol L-1 for N+N(NO3-+NO2-),and 5.7 and 4.0μmol L-1 for NH4+,respectively.Rainwater concentrations of DIN were lower in the marginal seas than in the open ocean.The aerosol NO3-concentration was 1.15±1.18μg m-3 during the wet season,which is slightly lower than reported for the East China Sea and East Sea,but higher than in the Arabian Sea.Monthly wet and dry deposition rates ranged from 0.4-3.9 and 0.4-1.2 mmol m-2 mon-1 for NO3-,and 0.2-1.3 and 0.01-0.02 mmol m-2 mon-1 for NH4+,respectively.The annual wet and dry deposition fluxes of DIN were estimated to be 16.8 and 10.1 mmol m-2yr-1,respectively.Compared to other marginal seas,the SCS receives less atmospheric NO3-inputs than the Yellow Sea,East China Sea,East Sea,and northeastern Mediterranean Sea.The total atmospheric DIN deposition may account for 1.8-11.1%of the nitrogen supporting new production and 0.7-1.8%of the nitrogen supporting primary production.

关键词： South China Sea Atmospheric deposition Wet deposition dry deposition Nitrate NO3- Ammonium NH4+

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SEASONAL CHARACTERIZATION OF DUST DAYS,MASS CONCENTRATION AND dry deposition OF ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS OVER QINGDAO, CHINA

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China Particuology 2004年第5期2卷 196-199页

作者： RenjianZhang MingxingWang LifangSheng YutakaKanai AtsuyukiOhta StateKeyLaboratoryofAtmosphericBoundaryLayerPhysicsandAtmosphericChemistry InstituteofAtmosphericPhysicsChinese.AcademyofSciencesBeijing100029P.R.China ChinaOceanUniversity Qingdao266003P.R.China GeologicalSurveyofJapan NationalInstituteofAdvancedIndustrialScienceandTechnologyTSukubaIbaraki305-8567Japan

The seasonal characterization of dust days, mass concentration and dry deposition of atmospheric aero-sols were investigated using the historical data of dust days observed over Qingdao during the period from 1961 to 2001 and ground-based aerosol sampling data collected in the period from May 2001 to November 2002. In Qingdao most of the dust days occurred in spring and in winter and no dust days existed in summer. The seasonal variation of the uplifting dust day over Qingdao was in phase with that analyzed over North China. The mean mass concentration of the total suspended particles (TSP) in spring, summer, autumn and winter was respectively 300, 110, 113 and 185 mg.m-3. The values and phase of the seasonal oscillation for fine particles were very similar to those for coarse particles except for the month March, during which the concentration of the coarse particles was about 4 times as high as that of the fine parti-cles. Comparison between seasonal variation of mass concentration of aerosols and dust days indicated that high frequency of uplifting dust day was accompanied by high TSP mass concentration. The TSP mass concentration meas-ured by the low-volume instrument was about 30% lower than that measured by high-volume instrument, though the two data sets are highly correlated (correlation coefficient=0.89). The dry deposition flux during the observation period from May 2001 to November 2002 ranged from 0.06 to 0.2 g.m-2.d-1 with a mean value of 0.13 g.m-2.d-1, which was about 1/3 as that over Beijing.

关键词： aerosol physical characteristics TSP dry deposition

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dry deposition of Sulfate on Actual Foliar of Quercus serrata

Dry Deposition of Sulfate on Actual Foliar of Quercus serrat...

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第七届亚洲气溶胶会议

作者： Hiroshi Hara Shogo Ota Yuki Kimura Kyo Kitayama Sonoko Drothea Kimura College of Agriculture Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Saiwaicho 3-5-8 Fuchu Tokyo 183-8509 Japan

Sulfate deposited on actual foliar of a broad-leaf tree was evaluated to discuss dry deposition processes by the amount rinsed out from the sampled leaves in an experimental forest in the suburbs of Tokyo. Five samples of a 20 m high-Quercus serrata tree were manually collected at four heights （6m, 10 m, 14 m, and 20 m） from a 30 m-high observation tower which routinely measures meteorological parameters at six heights, and subjected to distilled-water rinsing for ion chromatographic analysis of sulfate. The deposited amount of sulfate was normalized with leaf surface. The vertical profile of the normalized deposition showed no systematic patterns so far. The deposition of sulfate, however, was found to increase with relative humidity, which strongly suggested the wetted surface plays a key role in the deposition processes. In order to evaluate the representativeness of the sample, 153 sample leaves were collected from a single branch of the sample stand in May 2010. The distribution showed a monomodal pattern with the following percentiles: 10%;12.2, 25%;15.0, 50%;20.2, 75%;28.3, and 90%;44.9 micromole per square meter. The actual deposition on each sample leaf was also discussed in terms of the normalized deposition and sample position in the branch. The results support the view that the foliar rinsing method will offer a powerful tool for studies of aerosol dry deposition to forests.

关键词： dry deposition sulfate forest.

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Characterizations and dry deposition of aerosol chemicals observed on Dongsha Island in the northern South China Sea

Characterizations and dry deposition of aerosol chemicals ob...

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第八届海峡两岸气溶胶技术研讨会暨第三届空气污染技术研讨...

作者： Shih-Chieh Hsu Shuen-Hsin Lin Fuh-Kwo Shiah Charles Chong-Kuang Chou Gwo-Ching Gong Tze-Chia Wu Research Center for Environmental Changes Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan Institute of Oceanography National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan Institute of Marine Environmental Chemistry and Ecology National Taiwan Ocean University Keelung Taiwan

Atmospheric dry deposition was directly measured on Dongsha Island （20°41′54"N, 116°43′43"E） in the northern South China Sea during five experimental campaigns between May 2010 and March 2011, covering the four seasons: 5/9 - 5/18/2010, 7/9 - 7/19/2010, 9/15 - 9/23/2010, 11/27 - 12/13/2010, and 2/18 - 3/2/2011. In addition, TSP and size-segregated aerosol samples were collected by a MOUDI sampler for characterizing the chemical composition and size distribution of various aerosol chemicals. These samples were analyzed for ionic species using Ion Chromatography and a suite of elements using ICP-MS. This work aims to quantify the dry deposition to the northern South China Sea, to characterize the temporal and size distribution of marine aerosol chemicals, and then to estimate the theoretical dry deposition velocity of various aerosol nutrients. Our results show a seasonality of dry deposition fluxes with high values in the spring and winter for most chemical species such as nss-sulfate , with a few exceptions （especially ammonium;）. This general pattern concerts with the temporal variability of their respective atmospheric concentrations. Note that here the dry deposition flux of nitrate nitrogen is much more significant than ammonium nitrogen;the relative significance of the dry deposition fluxes for nitrate and ammonium associated nitrogen is quite different from that observed in Taipei. Typical size distribution was obtained: mono-modal pattern with a maximum at submicron sizefor nss- sulfate and ammonium;mono-modal pattern with a maximum at coarse size for nitrate （like sea salt derived chemicals）;mono-modal pattern peaking at coarse size for crustal elements such as Al and Fe and sea salt derived ions such as Cl-, Na+, and Mg2+;mono-modal pattern peaking approximately at 1 μm for certain anthropogenic metals such as Zn, Pb, As, and Cd;bimodal pattern peaking at both coarse and fine sizes for a few trace elements originated from both natural and anthropogenic sources such as K, Cr, Mn, Ni and P. Based on the si

关键词： dry deposition Size distribution Trace metals South China Sea Dongsha Islet

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Gap edge canopy buffering of throughfall deposition in a subalpine natural forest

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Forest Ecosystems 2022年第4期9卷 503-510页

作者： Siyi Tan Qing Dong Xiangyin Ni Kai Yue Shu Liao Fuzhong Wu Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education School of Geographical SciencesFujian Normal UniversityFuzhou350007China Ecological Security and Protection Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Mianyang Teachers'CollegeMianyang621000China

Base cation loads are rarely considered in forest gap edge canopies,but they can play critical roles in capturing or buffering atmospheric deposition in forests with frequent gap disturbances,such as subalpine forests.We selected an expanded gap edge canopy and a closed canopy in a subalpine natural forest on the eastern Tibetan Plateau.The throughfall deposition and canopy exchange processes of common base cations(K^(+),Ca^(2+),Na^(+),and Mg^(2+))were continuously studied over two years.The results showed that the enrichment ratio and fluxes had lower levels of base cations in the gap-edge canopy than in the closed canopy,which indicated that base cations were concentrated more in the closed canopy than in the gap-edge canopy.Although Ca^(2+)in the gap-edge canopy showed a higher net throughfall flux,the annual net throughfall fluxes of K^(+),Na^(+) and Mg^(2+) within the gap-edge canopy were 1.83,6.75 and 2.95 times lower than those in the closed canopy,respectively.Moreover,dry deposition fluxes of base cations significantly decreased in the gap edge canopy compared to those in the closed canopy,and the decreasing tendency was more significant during the snowy season than during the rainy season.Overall,these results suggest that the amount of base cations in subalpine natural forest ecosystems may be overestimated when the throughfall deposition of ions in gap edge canopies is ignored.

关键词： Canopy exchange dry deposition Throughfall Subalpine forest Precipitation deposition

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deposition of water-soluble inorganic ions in PM_(2.5) in a typical forestry system in Beijing,China

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Forest Ecosystems 2018年第4期5卷 486-497页

作者： Junqi Ding Xiaoxiu Lun Weifang Ma Lu Zhao Yingying Cao Fengbin Sun Renna Li College of Environmental Science and Engineering Beijing Forestry University State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Academy of Environmental Sciences School of Soil and Water Conservation Beijing Forestry University

Background: Rapid economic development in China has resulted in an increase in severe air pollution in city groups such as the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Metropolitan Region. PM2.5(fine particles with an aerodynamic equivalent diameter of 2.5 μm or less) is one of the most important pollutants. The deposition process is an important way of removing particles from the air. To evaluate the effect of an urban forest on atmospheric particle removal, a concentration gradient method was used to measure the deposition velocities of water-soluble inorganics in PM2.5 in two national forest parks in Beijing, China. The following eight water-soluble inorganic ions in PM2.5 were investigated: sodium, ammonium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, chloride, nitrate, and sulfate.Methods: Samples were taken from two sites in Beijing from the 7 th to the 15 th May, 2013. The concentrations of water-soluble inorganic ions were analyzed with ion chromatography. We used the concentration gradient technique to estimate the deposition flux and velocity. To determine the relationships between leaf traits and particle accumulation, typical leaf samples from each selected species were studied using scanning electron microscopy.Results: The total deposition flux and total deposition velocity during the daytime were higher than those at night.Sulfate showed the biggest deposition flux and velocity at both study sites, whereas the other ions showed different trends at each site. Result from higher proportion of coniferous to broadleaved trees, the total deposition flux of the eight ions measured in Jiufeng National Forest Park was greater than that in Olympic Forest Park.Conclusions: The deposition velocity was affected by meteorological conditions such as wind speed, temperature,and humidity. The deposition velocity was also influenced by tree species. The surface of plants is an important factor influencing particle deposition. The results of this study may help in assessing the effects of forestry systems on particle removal and provide evidence f

关键词： Fine particle Water-soluble inorganics Forest dry deposition deposition velocity

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Effects of a Remotely Sensed Land Cover Dataset with High Spatial Resolution on the Simulation of Secondary Air Pollutants over China Using the Nested-grid GEOS-Chem Chemical Transport Model

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2014年第1期31卷 179-187页

作者： LI Mingwei WANG Yuxuan JU Weimin Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling Center for Earth System Science Institute for Global Change Studies Tsinghua University School of Environment Tsinghua University International Institute for Earth System Science Nanjing University

A number of remotely sensed land cover datasets with spatial resolutions ~〈 1 km have recently become available or are in the process of being mapped. The application of these higher resolution and more up-to-date land cover datasets in chemical transport models （CTMs） is expected to improve the simulation of dry deposition and biogenic emissions of non-methane volatile organic compounds （NMVOCs）, which affect ozone and other secondary air pollutants. In the present study, we updated the land cover dataset in the nested-grid GEOS-Chem CTM with the 1 km resolution GLC2000 land cover map and examined the resulting changes in the simulation of surface ozone and sulfate over China in July 2007. Through affecting the dry deposition velocities of ozone and its precursors, using GLC2000 in the dry deposition module can decrease the simulated surface ozone by 3% （up to 6 ppb） over China. Simulated surface sulfate shows an increase of 3% in northwestern China and a decrease of 1% in northern China. Applying GLC2000 in the biogenic emissions of the NMVOC module can lead to a 0.5--4.5 ppb increase in simulated surface ozone over East China, mainly driven by the larger cove~：age of broadleaf trees in East China in the GLC2000 dataset. Our study quantifies the large sensitivity to land cover dataset~ with different spatial resolutions and time periods of simulated secondary air pollutants over China, supporting ongoing research efforts to produce high resolution and dynamically updated land cover datasets over China, as well as for the globe.

关键词： land cover dry deposition biogenic emissions ozone sulfate

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Particulate matter and metals partitioning in highway rainfall-runoff

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2010年第1期4卷 35-46页

作者： Gaoxiang YING John J.SANSALONE Environmental Engineering Sciences University of Florida108 Black HallGainesvilleFL 32611USA

This study investigated the particulate matter(PM)and metals in highway dry deposition and rainfallrunoff as a function of hydrologic transport and settling on an event basis.Events were differentiated as mass-limited(ML)and flow-limited(FL).Results indicate that unique and separate suspended sediment concentration(SSC)relationships with turbidity occurred for ML and FL events.Sixty minutes of quiescent settling produced a single SSC-turbidity relationship for all events.ML events transport higher proportions of settleable and sediment PM while FL events transported relatively higher suspended PM.For batch clarification with one hour of settling,ML events had generally higher treatment efficiencies compared to FL events for the same settling conditions.Highway dry deposition PM was hetero-disperse and coarse(d50 m=304µm).Results indicate that the acidic rainfall is not a significant contributor to metals in runoff but is capable of leaching metals from dry deposition PM into runoff.Partitioning in retained runoff resulted in a particulate-bound predominance for most metals except Ca and Mg.While the finer fraction of dry deposition PM(75µm).

关键词： stormwater particulate matter(PM) turbidity suspended sediment concentration(SSC) unit operations metals dry deposition acid rain

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