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Hepatitis B Surface Antigen and Hepatitis C Virus Antibodies among drug users in Burkina Faso

Advances in Microbiology 2024年第1期14卷 92-104页

作者： Sylvie Zida Kadari Cissé Odette Ky-Zerbo Dinanibè Kambiré Serge Théophile Soubeiga Simon Tiendrebéogo Fatou Sissoko Issa Sory Célestine Ki-Toé Solange Dioma Djeneba Zorom Adama Ouédraogo Cedric Dimitri Axon Hien Mahamoudou Sanou Seni Kouanda Henri Gautier Ouédraogo Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Dé partement de G&eacuteographie Universit&eacute Norbert ZONGO Koudougou Burkina Faso Secré tariat permanent du Conseil national de lutte contre le Sida et les IST (SP/CNLS-IST) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Initiative Privé e et Communautaire pour la Sant&eacute et la Riposte au VIH/SIDA au Burkina Faso (IPC/BF) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences de la Sant&eacute (UFR-SDS) Universit&eacute Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Introduction: The epidemiology of both hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections among drug users (DUs) is little known in West Africa. The study aimed to assess the prevalence of hepatitis B and C viruses among drug users in Burkina Faso. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional biological and behavioral survey conducted between June and August 2022, among drug users in Ouagadougou and Bobo Dioulasso, the two main cities of Burkina Faso. A respondent-driven sampling (RDS) was used to recruit drug users. Hepatitis B surface antigen was determined using lateral flow rapid test kits and antibodies to hepatitis C virus in serum determined using an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. Data were entered and analyzed using Stata 17 software. Weighted binary logistic regression was used to identify the associated factors of hepatitis B and C infections and a p-value Results: A total of 323 drug users were recruited with 97.5% males. The mean age was 32.7 years old. The inhaled or smoked mode was the most used by drug users. The adjusted hepatitis B and hepatitis C prevalence among study participants were 11.1% and 2.3% respectively. The marital status (p = 0.001), and the nationality (p = 0.011) were significantly associated with hepatitis B infection. The type of drug used was not significantly associated with hepatitis B infection or hepatitis C infection. Conclusion: The prevalence of HBsAg and anti-HCV antibodies among DUs are comparable to those reported in the general population in Burkina Faso. This result suggests that the main routes of contamination by HBV and HCV among DUs are similar to those in the population, and could be explained by the low use of the injectable route by DUs in Burkina Faso.

关键词： drug users Hepatitis C Hepatitis B Prevalence Burkina Faso

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Geographical variations in risk factors associated with HIV infection among drug users in a prefecture in Southwest China

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2015年第1期4卷 324-333页

作者： Yi-Biao Zhou Qi-Xing Wang Song Liang Yu-Han Gong Mei-Xiao Yang Yue Chen Shi-Jiao Nie Lei Nan Ai-Hui Yang Qiang Liao Yang Yang Xiu-Xia Song Qing-Wu Jiang Department of Epidemiology School of Public HealthFudan University138 Yi Xue Yuan RoadShanghai 200032China Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety Fudan UniversityMinistry of EducationShanghaiChina Center for Tropical Disease Research Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina Center for Disease Prevention and Control of the Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture SichuanChina Department of Environmental and Global Health College of Public Health and Health ProfessionsUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA. Emerging Pathogens Institute University of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA Xuhui Center for Disease Prevention and Control ShanghaiChina School of Epidemiology Public Health and Preventive MedicineFaculty of MedicineUniversity of OttawaOttawaONCanada Department of Biostatistics University of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA

Background:Previous studies have shown inconsistent or even contradictory results for some risk factors associated with HIV infection among drug users,and these may be partially explained by geographical ***:Data were collected from 11 methadone clinics in the Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture from 2004 to 2012.A non-spatial logistical regression model and a geographically weighted logistic regression model were fitted to analyze the association between HIV infection and specific factors at the individual ***:This study enrolled 6,458 *** prevalence of HIV infection was 25.1%.The non-spatial model indicated that being divorced was positively associated with HIV *** spatial model also showed that being divorced was positively associated with HIV infection,but only for 49.4%of individuals residing in some northern *** non-spatial model suggested that service sector work was negatively associated with HIV ***,the spatial model indicated that service work was associated with HIV infection,but only for 23.0%of patients living in some western *** non-spatial model did not show that being married was associated with HIV infection in our study field,but the spatial model indicated that being married was negatively associated with HIV infection for 12.0%of individuals living in some western *** other factors,the non-spatial and spatial models showed similar ***:The spatial model may be useful for improving understanding of geographical heterogeneity in the relationship between HIV infection and individual *** heterogeneity may be useful for tailoring intervention strategies for local regions,which can consequently result in a more efficient allocation of limited resources toward the control of HIV transmission.

关键词： Human immunodeficiency virus drug users Geographically weighted logistic regression Geographical variation Ethnic epidemiology

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Hepatitis C in injection drug users: It is time to treat

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第20期23卷 3569-3571页

作者： Alberto Grassi Giorgio Ballardini Internal Medicine and Hepatology Division Infermi Hospital

Injection drug users(IDUs)are at risk of hepatitis C virus(HCV)infection,due to needle and syringe *** HCV infection is a major cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality but can be cured with antiviral treatment leading to sustained viral response(SVR).It is well demonstrated that,when close cooperation between specialists in drug addiction and psychiatrists is assured,patients on maintenance treatment with methadone/buprenorphine can be treated for HCV with response rate,tolerability and side effects similar to those reported in *** guidelines recommend that active injection drug use should not exclude patients from HCV treatment,but many services remain reluctant to treat *** significant pharmacodynamic interactions were reported between approved direct anti-viral agents(DAAs)and buprenorphine or *** adjustments are not recommended;therefore DAAs appear to be the"perfect"therapy for patients taking opiate substitutive *** suggestions have been recently recognized by the European Association for the Study of the Liver(EASL)and included in EASL Recommendations on Treatment of Hepatitis C *** confirm that HCV treatment for IDUs should be considered on an individualized basis and delivered within a multidisciplinary team setting;a history of intravenous drug use and recent drug use at treatment initiation are not associated with reduced SVR and decisions to treat must be made on a case-by-case basis.

关键词： Hepatitis C drug users Peg-interferon Direct antiviral agents Hepatitis C virus treatment

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Effects of drug relief hospital-based AIDS educational methods on drug users

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Cell Research 2005年第Z1期 891-894页

作者： Xiang Ping LI1, Shun Zhen XIAO1, *, Qiao Qin WAN1, Sen Lin SONG2, Yan Xia TENG2 1School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China 2Department of Psychiatry, DaXing Hospital, Beijing drug Abuse Treatment Center, Beijing 102600, China

The objective of this study is to explore a potentially effective training method for the hospital professionals to educate drug users and to enhance their knowledge of HIV infection. One hundred and sixty one subjects, who came from 13 different provinces and were admitted in a drug relief hospital in Beijing, were recruited for this study. The average age of these subjects was 35.21±6.24 year old. The average numbers of years for drug addiction were 7 years, and the average numbers of drug relief treatment received in the past was 5.5 times. The level of AIDS knowledge of these subjects, including pathogenic factors, source of infection, route of transmission and preventive measures, were evaluated before and after receiving the AIDS educational training to these drug users. Our results showed that there was a statistically significant increase (Pdrug relief treatment to achieve the maximum effect on the knowledge of AIDS and improvement of positive attitudes and behaviors toward HIV prevention among drug users.

关键词： HIV infection drug users educational methods attitude and behavirs.

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High prevalence of HIV-1 CRF01AE associated recombinants among drug users in Northern Myanmar

High prevalence of HIV-1 CRF01AE associated recombinants amo...

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第九届全国免疫学学术大会

作者： Xin Chen Mei Ye Lin Dou Yong-Tang Zheng Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province

Objective:The present study focused on the prevalence of HIV-1 among drug users in Northern Myanmar,and explored the molecular epidemiological trends of ***:In November 2013,all the drug users from a detoxification center in northern Myanmar were recruited andHIV-1 serostutas was tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent ***-1 p1 7,pol,vif-env,C2V3 fragments were amplified and *** and bootscanning analyses were ***:The HIV-1 prevalence was 12.6%(32/253)and 30 samples were successfully amplified and *** extremely high proportion(93.3%)of HIV-1 intersubtype recombinants was *** no subtype B and CRF01E was identified,the percentage of CRF01E associated recombinants was very high(80.0%),including CRF01E/B(3.3%),CRF01E/C(33.3%)and CRF01E/B/C(43.3%).From the bootscanning analyses of the recombinants,almost all the CRF0 1E fragments were located in the p17,vif-env,C2 V3 region,excepting one in the pol(CRF01/B/C).Conclusion:The HIV-1 intersubtype recombinants were still the predominant strains in northern Myanmar,and the CRF01 AE associated recombinants had been the main recombinant form.

关键词： HIV Molecular epidemiology drug users Myanmar

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Actors of Psychoactive drug Initiation among Adolescents in Yaoundé-Cameroon

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第2期14卷 246-254页

作者： Claude-Audrey Meguieze Atabe Ngwene Neri Ngole Georges Eric Nseme Etouckey Paul Olivier Koki Ndombo Department of Pediatrics Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroon Department of Morphologic Sciences Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroon

Introduction: Actors of psychoactive drug initiation refer to those who introduce others to psychoactive drug use (initiators) and those who are introduced to psychoactive drugs (users). By identifying their features, better prevention and intervention programs can be developed to reduce psychoactive drug use among adolescents. This article describes the role of actors of psychoactive drug initiation among teenagers in secondary schools in Yaoundé (Cameroon). Methodology: A cross sectional study was carried out in twelve secondary schools in Yaoundé from October 2022 to May 2023. Adolescents from Form four to upper sixth, who assented to participate in the study and received parental consent were included. Data were collected in a structured self-reported questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS 23. Quantitative variables were expressed using means, standard deviations, median and interquartile ranges depending on the distribution of data. Qualitative variables were expressed in the form of frequency and percentages. Results: drug use was more prevalent among male adolescents (55.3%) from nuclear families (91.4%) who received relatively high pocket money. The main sources of drug exposure were non-family members (49.7%), especially friends outside school. The most frequent place of initiation was snack bars (33.1%). Conclusion: The study revealed the importance of the family, friends and leisure places in the initiation process of drug use in teenagers. Based on these results, parents and school authorities should work together to create a safe and supportive environment that fosters communication, education to prevent drug abuse among adolescents in Yaoundé.

关键词： Initiators drug users Adolescents Cameroon

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Distribution and changes in hepatitis C virus genotype in China from 2010 to 2020

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2022年第14期10卷 4480-4493页

作者： Jia Yang Hui-Xin Liu Ying-Ying Su Zhi-Sheng Liang Hui-Ying Rao Peking University Hepatology Institute Beijing Key Laboratory of Hepatitis C and Immunotherapy for Liver DiseasesPeking University People’s HospitalBeijing 100044China Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Peking University People’s HospitalBeijing 100044China National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases School of Public HealthXiamen UniversityXiamen 361000Fujian ProvinceChina Department of Global Health School of Public HealthPeking UniversityBeijing 100044China

BACKGROUND Hepatitis C virus(HCV)causes a large number of infections *** infections seem to be increasing according to a report of the World Health Organization in *** direct-acting antivirals are quite effective for most genotypes of the HCV,some genotypes fail to ***,the trend of genotype distribution is vital to better control the development of this *** To analyze the distribution and trends of the HCV genotype before and after the emergence of direct-acting antivirals in *** We searched all literature published in five electronic databases-China National Knowledge Infrastructure,Wan Fang Data,VIP Chinese Journal Database,Chinese Biomedical Literature Service System,and PubMed-from January 1,2010 to December 31,*** search strategy combined medical subject headings and free-text terms,including“hepatitis C virus”or“HCV”and“genotype”or“subtype”and“China”or“Chinese”.Additional relevant articles were searched by manual *** were extracted to build a *** of the data were totaled according to regions,periods,routes of transmission,and *** percentages in various stratifications were *** There were 76110 samples from 30 provinces included in the *** 1(G1)accounted for 58.2%of cases nationwide,followed by G2,G6,G3b,G3a,unclassified and mixed infections(17.5%,7.8%,6.4%,4.9%,1.8%,and 1.2%,respectively).The constitution of genotype varied among different regions,with G6 and G3b being more common in the south and southwest,respectively(28.1%,15.4%).The past ten years have witnessed a decrease in G1 and G2 and an increase in G3 and G6 in almost all *** drug-use population had the most abundant genotypes,with G6 ranking first(33.3%),followed by G1 and G3b(23.4%,18.5%).CONCLUSION G3 and G6 pose a new challenge for HCV *** study revealed the distribution of HCV genotypes in China over the past 10 years,providing information for HCV management strategie

关键词： Hepacivirus Genotype China drug users Direct-acting antiviral Hepatitis C virus

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