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Circulation of the low pathogenic avian influenza subtype H5N2 virus in ducks at a live bird market in Ibadan, Nigeria

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2014年第1期3卷 347-352页

作者： Temitope Coker Clement Meseko Georgina Odaibo David Olaleye Virology Department College of MedicineUniversity of IbadanIbadanNigeria

Background:To monitor carrier hosts of avian influenza in Nigeria,we randomly collected cloaca swab specimens from 155 ducks at a live bird market(LBM)in Ibadan,southwest Nigeria,between July 2011 and July ***:The samples were analyzed by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)and virus isolation was carried out in embryonated chicken *** sequencing of the antigenic cleavage site of the haemagglutinin(HA)gene was performed,multiple sequence alignment was carried out using ClustalW,and a phylogenetic tree was constructed using the neighbor joining ***:Twenty(13%)of the 155 samples were positive for avian influenza subtype H5N2 by real-time RT-PCR and three isolates were obtained from embryonated chicken *** sequencing of the amino acid cleavage site of the HA genes of two isolates corresponded to a PQRETGL*F sequence that is common in low pathogenic avian influenza(LPAI).Phylogenetically,the HA genes of the two influenza viruses are monophyletic and clustered with H5N2 viruses detected in wild ducks from ***:The occurrence of LPAI in domestic ducks in Nigeria underscores the importance of continuous surveillance and monitoring of the virus(in a country that is considered to be free of avian influenza)in order to prevent the emergence of virulent strains that may spread to commercial poultry and humans.

关键词： LPAI H5N2 domestic ducks Live bird market Circulation Nigeria

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Effects of foraging site distances on the intestinal bacterial community compositions of the sympatric wintering Hooded Crane(Grus monacha)and domestic Duck(Anas platyrhynchos domesticus)

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Avian Research 2021年第2期12卷 269-279页

作者： Wei Wang Lizhi Zhou Rong Fu Lei Cheng Shaofei Yan Nazia Mahtab Yunwei Song School of Resources and Environmental Engineering Anhui UniversityHefei 230601China Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecosystem Protection and Restoration Anhui UniversityHefei 230601China Admin-istrative Office of Anhui Shengjin Lake National Nature Reserve Dong-zhi 247210China

Background:The composition of intestinal microflora in animals is affected by cross-species *** a nature reserve,the foraging sites of waterbirds are relatively fixed,but frequently close to residential areas and can also be visited by domestic *** is easy to result in the trans-species-flock dispersal of gut microbes between the wild birds and domestic *** effects of the variable foraging site distances on the gut microbe structures of the waterbirds and the sympatric domestic fowls are currently unclear,and further research is required to evaluate the impacts of geographic location on ***:Illumina high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics analysis software were utilized to compare and analyze the composition of gut microbes from the fecal samples of Hooded Cranes(HC;Grus monacha)and two groups of domestic ducks(Anas platyrhynchos domesticus)that foraged at 1 km(ducks in near areas,D-N),and 4 km(ducks in far areas,D-F)away from the habitats of the Hooded Cranes at Shengjin Lake,***:The results showed that there were significant differences in the alpha-diversity of the gut bacteria in the HC,D-N,and D-F samples under the interspecific distance *** dominant bacterial phyla,Cyanobacteria and Proteobacteria,showed correlations with distance for each *** D-N group had more diverse intestinal flora than the D-F,as they were physically closer to the HC and had more indirect contact and cross-transmission of their gut *** potentially pathogenic bacterial sequences,and Operational Taxonomic Units(OTUs)were found in the D-N than in HC and ***:Hooded Cranes and the domestic Duck populations at variable distances from the cranes showed significant differences in their intestinal bacteria and potentially pathogenic *** closer the foraging sites were,the easier the intestinal flora spread across *** results provide a basis for determining the safe distance between wild bi

关键词： Bacterial community domestic ducks Gut microbes Hooded Cranes Inter-species dispersal Intestinal microbe

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Uranium Metabolism Associated with Ontogenetic Growth of Birds—Case Studies with Broilers and ducks

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2014年第9期5卷 768-776页

作者： Joao Dias de Toledo Arruda-Neto Guacyara Tenorio Cavalcante Guilherme de Paula Nogueira Tulio Eduardo Rodrigues Luiz Eduardo Correa Fonseca Mitiko Saiki Godofredo Camara Genofre Physics Institute University of Sao PauloSao PauloBrazil CEPESq/UniItalo—Italy-Brazilian University Center Sao PauloBrazil School of Veterinary Medicine Sao Paulo State University/UNESPAracatubaBrazil Institute for Energy and Nuclear Research IPEN/CNEN-SPSao PauloBrazil Institute for Biomedical Sciences University of Sao PauloSao PauloBrazil

Cobb broilers and domestic ducks, both one-day-old, were treated using ration doped with 20 ppm of uranyl nitrate. Uranium concentrations in the tibia (μg-U/g-bone) were measured by neutron activation analysis as function of the animals’ age, from the neonatal period to maturity. Results show that Uranium and Calcium qualitatively follow the same metabolic pathway, and that adult ducks incorporate on average ten times more Uranium than broilers. Data interpretation shows that the Uranium clearance rate in broilers is substantially higher than that in ducks, suggesting that metabolic characteristics favoring Calcium retention in bone may hinder the elimination of Uranium in ducks. The need for further comparative biochemistry studies between Galliformes and Anseriformes is addressed.

关键词： Cobb Broilers domestic ducks Uranium-Doped-Ration Uranium-Content in Bones U/Ca Metabolism Uranium Residence Times

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