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Relationship of species diversity between overstory trees and understory herbs along the environmental gradients in the Tianshan Wild Fruit Forests, Northwest China

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Journal of Arid Land 2020年第4期12卷 618-629页

作者： CHENG Junhui SHI Xiaojun FAN Pengrui ZHOU Xiaobing SHENG Jiandong ZHANG Yuanming Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Soil and Plant Ecological Processes College of Grassland and Environmental SciencesXinjiang Agricultural UniversityUrumqi 830052China State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and GeographyChinese Academy of SciencesUrumqi 830011China

In forest ecosystems, interactions between overstory trees and understory herbs play an important role in driving plant species diversity. However, reported links between overstory tree and understory herb species diversity have been inconsistent, due to variations in forest types and environmental conditions. Here, we measured species richness(SR) and diversity(Shannon-Wiener(H') and Simpson's(D) indices) of overstory trees and understory herbs in the protected Tianshan Wild Fruit Forest(TWFF), Northwest China, to explore their relationships along the latitudinal, longitudinal, elevational, and climatic(current climate and paleoclimate) gradients in 2018. We found that SR, and H' and D Diversity indices of overstory trees and understory herbs exhibited a unimodal pattern with increasing latitude and elevation(PDiversity indices between trees and herbs(PDiversity indices for overstory tree species were positively associated with those for understory herbs(Pdiversity conservation programs.

关键词： Diversity indices overstory trees understory herbs paleoclimate current climate elevation

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Butterfly diversity in Relation to Human-Impact Gradient in Out-skirts of Kolkata,West Bengal,India

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Research in Ecology 2022年第4期4卷 1-12页

作者： Kaiyum Baskh Mollah Sudipta Mandal Department of Zoology Bangabasi CollegeKolkata700009India

Anthropogenic activities may affect species diversity and community structure.Butterfly species diversity in relation to human-impact gradient was evaluated in the Baruipur subdivision,outskirts of Kolkata metropolis,West Bengal,India as a model geographic area.Four study sites situated in bird sanctuaries,rural,suburban and urban areas with different levels of anthropogenic disturbances were selected to assess the human impact on butterfly diversity.A total of 80 butterfly species were recorded during the entire study period with the sanctuary(with minimal anthropogenic disturbance)showing the highest species richness(73)followed by rural(62),suburban(54)and urban(36)study sites indicating a strong negative impact of anthropogenic disturbance on butterfly species diversity.Butterfly species diversity varied significantly among different habitats(p˂0.001).The relative abundance of butterflies also varied seasonally.It is apparent that the area under the present study is able to sustain diverse butterfly species provided natural habitats are protected from anthropogenic disturbances and steps are taken to increase urban greenery to support butterfly diversity and consequent ecosystem services.

关键词： Butterfly diversity Human-impact gradient Baruipur subdivision Kolkata Diversity indices

Plant diversity at Chilapatta Reserve Forest of Terai Duars in subhumid tropical foothills of Indian Eastern Himalayas

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Journal of Forestry Research 2014年第3期25卷 591-596页

作者： Gopal Shukla Rajib Biswas A. P. Das Sumit Chakravarty Department of Forestry Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya Pundibari-736165 (Cooch Behar) West Bengal India Department of Botany University of North Bengal

From March 2007 to March 2009 we quantified plant diversity at Chilapatta Reserve Forest in Terai Duars in the Indian eastern Himala-yas. We sampled stratified random nested quadrats. Species richness was 311, representing 167 genera and 81 families. The species diversity index and concentration of dominance of the forest were 2.20 and 0.0072, respectively. Shannon-Wiener index and evenness indices were 4.77 and 1.44, respectively. The Importance Value Index （IVI） of species ranged from 0.13 to 37.94. The estimated Diversity indices indicated heterogene-ity of the forest in its composition, structure, function and dynamics. Rich forest plant diversity supports the need for continued conservation of tropical forests.

关键词： Terai Duars phyto-sociology plant diversity Diversity indices

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Evaluation of Plant diversity for Sustainable and Inclusive Management in Rural Areas:A Case Study from Daressalam,Niger

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Research in Ecology 2022年第1期4卷 37-43页

作者： Inoussa Maman Maarouhi Ibrahim Fataw West African Center for sustainable Rural Transformation(WACSRT) Universite Abdou Moumouni de NiameyP.O.Box BP 10662NiameyNiger University for Development Studies Faculty of AgricultureDepartment of BiotechnologyP.O Box TL1882TamaleGhana

Plant biodiversity plays a major role for sustaining livelihood of rural population.However,unsustainable exploitation of woody plants for firewood in Niger is creating ecological challenges.This study aims to evaluate plant species composition,richness and equitability for sustainable and inclusive management in rural areas.Plot vegetation inventory method was employed.Forty-eight plots each measuring 2500 m^(2)were laid down systematically on a transect with the village at the centre.On each plot,plant species were identified and the number of each species counted.A total of twenty-five(25)plant species belonging to thirteen(13)families were identified among which Guiera senegalensis J.F.Gmel.accounted for 61%.The Shannon index was low(H’=0.45)as well as species equitability(E=0.14).Species richness differed significantly(pdiversity restoration and management,irrigated agroforestry is recommended to restore ecological balance and to assure and improve the quality of plant biodiversity in the study area.

关键词： Guiera senegalensis Diversity indices Sustainable and inclusive management Land use

Quantifying Arborescent Flora diversity in a Secondary Forest Ecosystem: A Comprehensive Assessment in Nambalan, Mayantoc, Tarlac, Philippines

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Open Journal of Ecology 2023年第6期13卷 387-408页

作者： Baby Jean L. Herbulario Raffy L. Tano Mileatte P. Omaney College of Agriculture and Forestry Tarlac Agricultural University Camiling Philippines College of Agriculture Forestry and Environmental Sciences Aklan State University Banga Philippines

Forest plays a crucial role in providing essential ecosystem services, including water supply, climate regulation, and biodiversity conservation. This study aimed to assess the current state of the forest in Barangay Nambalan, Mayantoc, Tarlac. The specific objectives were to identify tree species in the area and determine the tree diversity index, with a focus on endemism and conservation status. Two transect lines, each spanning one kilometer, were established and a total of 10 sampling quadrats were surveyed. Ecological parameters (relative frequency, relative density, relative dominance, and importance value index) and Diversity indices (Shannon-Weiner index, Simpson’s index) were computed using the Paleontological Statistic Software Package for Educational Analysis (PAST 4.03). A comprehensive inventory revealed a total of 756 individuals representing 52 species, 46 genera, and 25 families. Among the recorded species, 10 (17.2%) were endemic and 11 (21.6%) were classified as threatened. The Fabaceae (20.8%), Moraceae (14.6%), and Euphorbiaceae (8.3%) were identified as the most abundant families. The computed Diversity indices indicated that Barangay Nambalan retains a diverse forest cover;however, species composition was found to be relatively low. Based on the finding, this study recommends the strict enforcement of protective measures and legislation to mitigate further degradation of the remaining forest in Barangay Nambalan.

关键词： Forest diversity Tree Species Endemism Conservation Status Transect Survey Diversity indices

Mycoendophytic diversity and their antimicrobial potential from two epiphytic orchids of the Western Ghats forests of India

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Studies in Fungi 2020年第1期5卷 113-124页

作者： Nuthan BR Rakshith D Marulasiddaswamy KM Ramesha KP Chandra Mohana N Sampath Kumara KK Satish S Department of Studies in Microbiology University of MysoreManasagangotriMysuru 570006KarnatakaIndia Department of Microbiology Yuvaraja’s CollegeUniversity of MysoreMysuru 570005KarnatakaIndia Department of Studies in Biotechnology University of MysoreManasagangotriMysuru 570006KarnatakaIndia Government Pre-University College Davangere 577002KarnatakaIndia

The epiphytic plants belong to a group that harmlessly grows on other plants by utilizing the nutrition from the host plants with their unique adaptation features along with symbiotic associations with fungi or bacteria.The various biological activities exhibited by the mycoendophytes inhabiting medicinally-important epiphytic orchids serve as the primary source of novel drug leads,industrially-essential enzymes,and plant growth-promoting metabolites.In the present study,a total of 956 culturable mycoendophytes out of 1600 segments belonging to 17 genera were isolated from different tissue parts of Trias stocksii and Dendrobium herbaceum.The Xylariaceae taxa were the predominant mycoendophytes present in both plants,followed by Pestalotiopsis sp.,Colletotrichum sp.,and Fusarium sp.An estimation of the Shannon-Wiener and Simpson Diversity indices showed that the bulbs of T.stocksii have the highest species diversity index and the stems of D.herbaceum the lowest.The highest species richness was observed in the leaves of T.stocksii and the lowest in the leaves of D.herbaceum.Overall,T.stocksii harbored more mycoendophytes along with the highest Diversity indices compared to D.herbaceum.The antimicrobial evaluation revealed that Xylaria sp.has a higher potential of producing anti-infectives and opens a new arena for industrial exploration.

关键词： Antimicrobial activity Dendrobium herbaceum Diversity indices Mycoendophytes Trias stocksii Xylaria sp

Endophytic fungal diversity of endemic carnivorous plant Nepenthes khasiana in Meghalaya,India

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Studies in Fungi 2021年第1期6卷 138-150页

作者： Naseem F Kayang H Microbial Ecology laboratory Department of BotanyNorth Eastern Hill UniversityShillongMeghalaya-793022India

The present investigation deals with the isolation of endophytic fungi from leaf,stem,root and pitcher cup tissue segments of the endemic carnivorous plant Nepenthes khaisana collected from its natural habitat for a period of one year at monthly intervals.Out of 576 tissue segments inoculated,a total of 39 fungal endophytes along with mycelia sterilia were isolated from the host plant.To assess the diversity of fungal endophytes,the colonization frequency(%CF)was first recorded using past software and MS excel.The fungal isolates were mainly composed of the phylum Ascomycota,followed by Zygomycota and Oomycota.The highest percentage colonization frequency on an average of three replicates were recorded in pitcher cup tissues followed by root,stem and least was recorded in leaf of the host plant.Among the isolates,Globisporangium irregulare(83.33%)showed high%CF in leaf,Juxtiphoma eupyrena(83.33%)reported to have maximum%CF in the stem,Talaromyces ruber(66.66%)was recorded high%CF in root and mycelia sterilia(white)were showed the highest%CF in the segments of leaf.The diversity index analyses of Shannon-Weiner,Simpson’s index,species richness and species evenness of diversity showed that leaf of N.Khasiana has the highest diversity than the other parts of the plant.So,with the help of the present finding,we conclude that the distribution of fungal endophytes and their%colonization frequencies vary within different tissues of the host plant and thus,this confirms tissue specificity nature of endophytic fungi.

关键词： Colonization frequency Diversity indices Natural habitat Pitcher plant Tissue specificity

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马尾松林昆虫群落及其时空结构的研究

林业科学研究 1988年第4期1卷 397-404页

作者：任立宗王淑芬中南林学院中国林业科学研究院林业研究所

本文对湖南省靖县排牙山林场六种不同类型马尾松林的昆虫群落(包括蜘蛛)进行了初步研究。在所获688种昆虫和蜘蛛中,没有一种在群落中占有绝对优势,其数量分布比较均匀。研究结果表明:不同类型的林分,其昆虫群落的稳定性有差异。在林龄... 详细信息

本文对湖南省靖县排牙山林场六种不同类型马尾松林的昆虫群落(包括蜘蛛)进行了初步研究。在所获688种昆虫和蜘蛛中,没有一种在群落中占有绝对优势,其数量分布比较均匀。研究结果表明:不同类型的林分,其昆虫群落的稳定性有差异。在林龄和郁闭度这两个重要的林分因子中,以林龄对稳定性的影响较大。本文提出用昆虫群落多样性指数变化的年极差(ED)及天敌/害虫比值(NE/P)这两个指标来评定群落的稳定性,试图从实质上阐明昆虫群落是否稳定的原因。在马尾松林由幼林向中林、成林发育的过程中,昆虫群落的天敌数量逐渐增多,害虫数量则相对减少,因而昆虫群落的自控能力亦逐渐增强,使之由比较不稳定到比较稳定。马尾松;;昆虫群落;;多样性指数

关键词： Pinus massoniana insect community Diversity indices

Impact of Removal of Copper Leaf (<i>Acalypha fruticosa</i>Forssk.) on Plant Species diversity and Abundance at Chemeron, Baringo County, Kenya

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Open Journal of Ecology 2020年第6期10卷 341-355页

作者： George Morara Ogendi Rhoda N. Ondieki Tabitha W. Njoroge Department of Environmental Science Egerton University Njoro Kenya Dryland Research Training & Ecotourism Centre Chemeron Egerton University Njoro Kenya

Invasive plant species may significantly alter plant species community composition and structure thereby negatively impacting on ecosystem services. Their impacts on plant communities may be both direct and indirect. The direct effects may include a reduction in the abundance and diversity of palatable plant species that constitute important forage for livestock, wildlife, and medicines for the local communities. Declines in ecosystem resilience are of the notable indirect effects of invasive species. The aim of this study was to assess the impacts of a plant species, copper leaf (Acalypha fruticosa) on floral diversity and abundance at Chemeron, Baringo County in Kenya. The study was guided by three questions: What is the plant composition in terms of grasses, herbs, shrubs, and trees in the study area? Are there any variations in plant abundance between the two sites (sites with and without Acalypha fruticosa)? Are there variations in plant species diversity between the two study sites? Two sites (one with A. fruticosa and another two without this invasive species) were selected within the Chemeron Research Centre. Two belt transects measuring 100 m × 20 m on each site were laid parallel to each other. Plant samples were collected from five 1 m × 1 m quadrats that were laid at intervals of 20 m. The plant species or specimens were identified to the species level using available taxonomic keys. Various indices including Shannon-Wiener (H’), Evenness Index, Richness Index and Simpson’s Index of diversity Index (SDI) were calculated. All the diversity, richness and evenness indices were considerably higher in the site without A. fruticosa compared to that where this invasive species was present. Higher H’ (3.14 to 3.21) and SDI (0.93 to 0.94) values were noted in sites without the invasive species compared to H’ (2.11 to 2.20) and SDI (0.77 to 0.85) in sites with A. fruticosa present. Out of the 47 plant species identified, 39 and 20 of them o

关键词： Baringo Copper Leaf Diversity indices Invasive Species Plant diversity