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Assessment of dithionite and Oxalate Extractable Iron and Aluminium Oxides on a Landscape on Basement Complex Soil in South-Western Nigeria

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2015年第11期5卷 266-275页

作者： Olayinka Olakunle Olatunji Yetunde Oyeyiola Gbade Oyewunmi Oyediran Crop Production and Soil Science Department Ladoke Akintola University of Technology Ogbomoso Nigeria

The study investigats the morphological, physical and chemical characteristic of a toposequence on basement complex in Ejioku area, south-western Nigeria on latitude 07°28.675'N;and longitude 004°07.219'E;180 m above sea level at the upper slope. It terminates at the valley bottom on latitude 07°28.756'N;and longitude 004°07.229'E;175 m above sea level. The topography of the site is moderately slope (not greater than 10%). The aim is to examine the two forms of sesquioxides (crystalline-dithionite extractible Fe & Al and amorphous-oxalate Fe & Al) and their distribution on the toposequence. The crystalline form of Fe oxide dominates all the positions and ranges from 7.2 g/kg at the valley bottom to 444.3 g/kg at the crest compared to the amorphous forms that range from 2.7 g/kg to 10.9 g/kg. The crystalline and amorphous aluminium oxide contents of the soils are low (2.9 g/kg - 43.3 g/kg and 1.3 g/kg - 8.7 g/kg respectively). There is significant negative relationship between Fed and Fed/Feo (r =-0.15;P n = 16). There is also a correlation between Feo and Ald (r = 0.63;P n = 16), FeO and FeO/Fed (r = 0.44;P n = 16), signifying a high level of weathering. The relatively high amount of Fed virtually at all the horizons indicates that the crystalline and less active forms of the oxides exist more on the landscape and may be responsible for the non-availability of some nutrient like phosphorus that may be sorbed to their crystals lattice. All forms of Al in the soils are low especially, the oxalate extractable forms, when compare with the dithionite extractable forms. However, there is a significant correlation between Ald and Feo/Fed (r = 0.57;P < 0.01). As a result of high accumulation of crystalline form of Fe and Al oxide with increasing depth, most especially, at the crest/upper slope, there is greater amount of concretions, nodules and plinthites which will lead to further deterioration of the soil for agricultural purposes.

关键词： Plinthites Sesquioxides Toposequence dithionite Extractable Oxalate Extractable

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Dechlorination of DDT and DDE by dithionite in Dicofol Type DDTs-Contaminated Soil

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Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 2011年第10期5卷 917-928页

作者： Peng Bao Zheng-Yi Hu Min Qiao Yu-Xin Ba Chun-Yan WU Chun-You Zhu Jing Hua Jian-ZhiWu College of Resources and Environment Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 P. R. China Institute of Environmental Resources and Soil Fertilizer Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Hangzhou 310021 P. R.China

Dicofol type DDTs-contamination is of great concern as environmental organochlorine pollutant. In the present study, dechlorination time-course ofp,p＇-DDT and p,p＇-DDE in dithionite treated waterlogged DDTs-contaminated soil, non-contaminated soil solution and citrate-bicarbonate buffer （0, 50, 100 mmol L^-1, dithionite） for 72 hrs was investigated based on residual amount of p,p＇-DDTs （p,p＇-DDT and p,p＇-DDE） analyzed by GC-ECD. The metabolites ofp,p＇-DDTs in dithionite treated non-contaminated soil solution, and citrate-bicarbonate buffer were detected by GC-MSD. The dechlorination time-course of p,p＇-DDT and p,p＇-DDE exhibited rapid dechlorination at the first 3.0 hrs, slow dechlorination after 3.0 hrs. For 50 mmol L^-1 dithionite treatments, the dechlorination ratios ofp,p＇-DDT and p,p＇-DDE were 36.42% and 35.08% respectively at 3.0 hrs. For 100 mmol L^-1 dithionite treatments, the dechlorination ratios of p,p＇-DDT and p,p＇-DDE were 58.62% and 57.39% respectively at 3.0 hrs in DDTs-contaminated soils. Significant differences of dechlorination ratio were also confirmed in dependence on dithionite concentrations, reaction systems and the chemical structure of DDTs. The dechlorination ratio ofp,p＇-DDT/DDE increased with the increasing of dithionite concentrations irrespective of reaction systems. dithionite-induced dechlorination ratio of p,p＇-DDT was higher than that of p,p＇-DDE. The p,p＇-DDD （1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis（4-chlorophenyl）-ethane）, p,p＇-DDE and p,p＇-DDMU （1-chloro-2,2-bis（4-chloropheny）-ethylene） were identified to be metabolites ofp,p＇-DDT in buffer and non-contaminated soil solution, however, no metabolites ofp,p＇-DDE treated by dithionite were detected. The possible pathways explaining the dechlorination of p,p＇-DDT and p,p＇-DDE by dithionite were also proposed. dithionite could be used to develop an effective and fast remediation option for DDTs-contaminated soils and sediments.

关键词： Reductive dechlorination dithionite dicofol type DDTs-contamination soil

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Evaluation of gastric lavage efficiency and utility using a rapid quantitative method in a swine paraquat poisoning model

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2020年第3期11卷 174-181页

作者： Yun-fei Jiang Jian Kang Pei-pei Huang Jia-xi Yao Zhong-he Wang Lei Jiang Jun Wang Li Qiao Bao-li Zhu Hao Sun Jin-song Zhang Department of Emergency the First Affi liated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina Department of Emergency Nanjing Drum Tower Hospitalthe Affi liated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjingChina Key Lab of Modern Toxicology Ministry of Education and Department of Hygienic Analysis and DetectionSchool of Public HealthNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina Key Lab of Modern Toxicology Ministry of Education and Department of ToxicologySchool of Public HealthNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina Department of Occupational Disease Prevention Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and PreventionNanjingChina

BACKGROUND:Gastric lavage(GL)is one of the most critical early therapies for acute paraquat(PQ)poisoning;however,details of the treatment protocol remain to be ***:A rapid quantitative method involving sodium dithionite testing was *** was validated for the determination of the PQ concentrations in gastric juice and eluate samples from a swine acute PQ poisoning model with early or delay GL,or *** vital signs,laboratory testing,and PQ plasma concentrations were collected for therapeutic effect ***:The reaction conditions of the test were optimized for two types of *** GL at one hour(H1)could improve the signs and symptoms after acute PQ poisoning at 24 hours(H24).In contrast,GL at 6 hours(H6)could only partially relieve the vital *** H1 GL group effectively reduced the peak of the plasma PQ *** addition,the PQ concentrations in the plasma and the gastric juice were significantly decreased in both the GL groups as compared to the untreated group at ***,there was no significant difference in the washing efficiencies calculated from the total eluates between the two GL ***,the washing efficiency of the first 10 L eluate is superior to that of the additional 10 L ***:GL only at early stage may it benefit PQ poisoning in an animal *** currently used 20 L GL volume may need to be reduced in view of the low washing efficiency in the later 10 L *** rapid quantitative method can be used for gastric juice sample and has a certain value for clinical GL practices.

关键词： Acute paraquat poisoning Gastric lavage Sodium dithionite test Swine model

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