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A Case Study of Cloud-to-Ground Lightning Activities in Hailstorms under Cold Eddy Synoptic Situation

Acta meteorologica Sinica 2006年第4期20卷 489-499页

作者：冯桂力郄秀书袁铁周筠珺 Lightning Protection Center of Shandong Province Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences

There were three hailstorms in Shandong Province, caused by a same northeast cold eddy situation on 1 June 2002. Cloud-to-ground （CG） flashes occurring in the weather event were observed by Shandong Lightning Detection Network （SLDN）, which consists of 10 sensors covering all over Shandong Province. The temporal and spatial distributions of CG lightning are investigated for the three hailstorms by using the data from SLDN, Doppler radar and satellite. The results show that different thunderstorms present different lightning features even if under the same synoptic situation. The percentage of positive CG lightning is very high during the period of hail falling. CG flashes mainly occurred in the region with a cloud top brightness temperature lower than -50℃. Negative CG flashes usually clustered in the lower temperature region and tended to occur in the region with maximum temperature gradient, while the positive ones usually spread discretely. Negative CG flashes usually occurred in intense echo regions with reflectivity greater than 50 dBz, while the positive CG flashes often occurred in weak and stable echo regions （10-30 dBz） or cloud anvils, although they can be observed in strong convective regions sometimes. Almost all haft falling took place in the stage with active positive flashes, and the peak positive flash rate is a little prior to the hail events. The thunderstorm could lead to disastrous weather when positive CG lightning activities occur in cluster. Severe thunderstorms sometimes present a low flash rate at its vigorous stage, which is probably caused by the ＂mechanism of chargeregion lift＂ through investigating the reflectivity evolution. Combined with the total lightning （intracloud and CG） data obtained by LIS onboard TRMM, the phenomenon of high ratio of intracloud flash to CG flash in severe hailstorm has been discussed. The competition of the same charge sources between different lightning types can also be helpful for explaining the cause of lo

关键词： hailstorm cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning echo intensity brightness temperature distribution characteristics

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河北省雷电灾害分布特征研究(英文)

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Meteorological and Environmental Research 2010年第7期1卷 105-108页

作者：王建恒杨仲江吴孟恒南京信息工程大学大气物理学院江苏南京210044 河北省衡水市气象局河北衡水053000 河北省防雷中心河北石家庄050021

Based on the special landscape and regional characteristics,the lightning location information from 1999 to 2008 and conventional observation data from 1971 to 2000 provided by electricity departments in Hebei Province were applied to analyze spatial and temporal distribution of *** lighting disaster data since 2000 provided by meteorological department,and records from civil affair,statistics,insurance,and other departments,the lighting disaster distribution of Hebei Province was studied from aspects of economic and people losses,and some countermeasures for several lightning disasters industries were put forward.

关键词： Lightning disasters distribution characteristics Research China

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两汉流放地的分布状况及其成因

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先秦、秦汉史 2020年第1期

作者：张文安

西汉和东汉王朝的流放地各以京师为中心分布在东西南北四个方位，但两汉王朝的流放地分布有所区别。表现为西汉流放地集中在西方和南方，以西方的敦煌郡和南方的汉中郡、合浦郡最多；而东汉流放地集中在南北两个方向，以北方的朔方郡和... 详细信息

西汉和东汉王朝的流放地各以京师为中心分布在东西南北四个方位，但两汉王朝的流放地分布有所区别。表现为西汉流放地集中在西方和南方，以西方的敦煌郡和南方的汉中郡、合浦郡最多；而东汉流放地集中在南北两个方向，以北方的朔方郡和南方的日南郡最为集中。两汉时期相同方位的流放地分布也有变化。两汉流放地的分布变化受政治中心、犯罪性质和中央控制管理等多种因素影响。两汉流放刑罚一方面起到惩戒罪犯加强政治的目的，另一方面也加速了落后地区的文明化进程。

关键词：西汉东汉流放地分布特点影响因素 Western Han Dynasty Eastern Han Dynasty exile areas distribution characteristics influencing factors

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distribution and evolution features of salinized soil in Hebei Plain

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Journal of Groundwater Science and Engineering 2015年第1期3卷 21-29页

作者： XU Guang-ming QI Jian-feng BI Pan BAI Gao-feng Shijiazhuang University of Economics Hebei Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization and Development of Water Resources

In order to study the distribution and evolution features of saline soil, the correlations between the groundwater depth, salinity and salinization of soil are examined through analyzing the hydrometeorological data and distribution maps of saline soil, groundwater depth and salinity in 1957 and 2005. The results show that the area of salinization has generally decreased. The area of salinization decreases with the increasing groundwater depth, and the dynamic evolution characteristics appeared between the groundwater depth and area of salinization. The area of heavy salinization is greatest when the groundwater salinity is > 5 g/L, the area of moderate salinization is greatest when the groundwater salinity is between 2-5 g/L, the area of light salinization is greatest when the groundwater salinity is 1-2 g/L and the area of non-salinization is greatest when the groundwater salinity is 1.8 g/L. The area of non-salinization was characterized with groundwater depth >4.0 m and salinity 0.2-1.5 g/L.

关键词： Hebei Plain Salinization Groundwater depth Salinity distribution characteristics

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Petroleum distribution in Water Area of Jiaozhou Bay

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Meteorological and Environmental Research 2013年第12期4卷 49-51页

作者： Dongfang Yang Peiyan Sun Lian Ju Xiao Geng Lei Gao North Sea Environmental Monitoring Center State Oceanic Administration College of Fisheries and Life Sciences Shanghai Ocean University College of Marine Science Zhejiang Ocean University

[Objective]The research aimed to study petroleum distribution in water area of Jiaozhou Bay. [Method]According to investigation data in water area of Jiaozhou Bay in June,July,September and October of 1980,the content,distribution characteristics and reason of petroleum in surface and bottom water body of Jiaozhou Bay were analyzed. [Result]Petroleum pollution in water area of Jiaozou Bay was serious. Petroleum hydrocarbon concentration in surface water body of Jiaozhou Bay in June,July,September and October was during 0. 0120. 155 mg /L,showing that petroleum hydrocarbon concentration in surface water body of Jiaozhou Bay reached national class-two seawater quality standard. The isoline of petroleum hydrocarbon concentration in surface water body in July and September formed a series of parallel lines at different gradients. Petroleum hydrocarbon concentration in surface water body gradually decreased from northeast shore to southwest bay mouth,and isoline mainly concentrated near the mouths flowing into sea of Loushan River,Licun River and Haibo River. [Conclusion]The research could provide basic data for marine environmental management and scientific decision-making in the sea area.

关键词： Jiaozhou Bay Petroleum distribution characteristics China

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Analysis of Meteorological Elements and distribution Characters of Surface Solar Radiation in Guangxi

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Meteorological and Environmental Research 2012年第11期3卷 12-14,21页

作者： CHENG Ai-zhen HUANG Ren-li Guangxi Meteorological Information Center Fangchenggang Meteorological Bureau in Guangxi

[Objective] The aim was to study the relation between solar radiation distribution and meteorological elements in Guangxi. [Method] Based on the observed data of solar radiation in Guangxi from 1995 to 2009, the total radiation, solar distribution and interannual changes in Guangxi were analyzed. By dint of observed data in Nanning station, the annual, seasonal and monthly changes of net radiation in Nanning and the linear relation between total radiation, solar distribution characteristics and interannual changes were discussed. [Result] The global radiation of surface solar radiation in the low latitude was higher tan the high latitude, as Beihai>Nanning>Guilin. The solar radiation changes and the seasonal changes in different places varied, as summer>autumn>spring>winter. The total radiation and solar radiation hours were consistent. The total solar radiation and the low cloud was in negative relation, but was in positive relation with sunny weather. The total solar radiation was in positive relation with ground temperature, except in winter. [Conclusion] The study provided effective theoretical basis and data reference to the study of climate and development of solar energy.

关键词： Total solar radiation distribution characteristics Meteorology elements Analysis Guangxi China

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Analysis and Control of Soil Residual Film Pollution Load in Cotton Fields in the Yellow River Delta

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Agricultural Biotechnology 2021年第4期10卷 134-137,145页

作者： Haiyun YAN Lixia LI Ping FAN Zhihua WANG Man DONG Min WANG Dongying Academy of Agricultural Sciences Dongying 257091China Binzhou agricultural and rural Bureau Binzhou 256600China

[Objectives]This study was conducted to explore the characteristics of soil residual film pollution load in cotton fields in the Yellow River Delta,so as to effectively control soil film pollution.[Methods]Cotton field mulching film survey and residue monitoring were conducted in the Yellow River Delta area.[Results]The amount of mulching film residues in cotton fields in the Yellow River Delta was 37.7-128.7 kg/hm^(2),which had a significant increase compared with 5 years ago,and the differences between plots were large;and after straw was returned to the field,the soil residual film obviously gathered in the 20-30 cm soil *** residual film blocks with a size of more than 25 cm^(2) accounted for 62.6%,which was a relatively high proportion,indicating that soil pollution can be caused easily,and it is difficult to *** a certain period of time,the soil residual film pollution may have a tendency to aggravate,and the ecological risk is higher.[Conclusions]This study has important theoretical and practical significance for improving soil quality in the region and ensuring the safety of cotton field ecosystem and environmental health.

关键词： Yellow River Delta Cotton field Plastic film residue distribution characteristics Control

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distribution of Heavy Metals in the Sediments in Polluted Coastal Regions of China and Their Ecological Risks

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Meteorological and Environmental Research 2012年第10期3卷 23-26页

作者： SHEN Xu-hong XIAO Fei-peng XIAO Jin-zhong Key Lab of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Coastal Environment in Shandong Province Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone ResearchChinese Academy of Sciences Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences Civil Engineering College of Guangxi University Guangxi Hydraulic Electricity Technology College Shandong Business College

[ Objective] The aim was to study the distribution and its ecological risks of heavy metal in the sediments of the polluted coastal regions in Bohai Bay, Changjiang and Zhujiang estuaries. [Method] The economic activities had great influence on the Bohai Bay, Changjiang and Zhu- jiang estuaries. The pollution of different heavy metals in the deep ocean was summarized by summary of the relation between the distribution of heavy metals and economic activities. [ Result] In general, influenced by economic development, the heavy metal pollution in coastal area in China was pessimistic. The sediments in the Bohai Bay, Changjiang and Zhujiang estuaries showed different degrees of Cd, Cr, Zn, Cu and Pb pollution. As pollution in Bohal Bay and Zhujiang estuaries can not be neglected. The heavy metal pollution may pass into human body with the transportation of food chain. [ Conclusionl The study provided reference for the formulation of policies to restrain heavy metal emission and protection of human health.

关键词： Offshore Sediment Heavy metal distribution characteristics Ecological risks China

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猪、牛粪厌氧发酵及沼液贮存中氮、磷形态及固、液相分布变化

猪、牛粪厌氧发酵及沼液贮存中氮、磷形态及固、液相分布变化

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中国土壤学会第十二次全国会员代表大会暨第九届海峡两岸土...

作者：常志州叶小梅吴华山付广青靳红梅郭德杰陈广银杜静马艳江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所、农业部长江下游平原农业环境重点实验室

厌氧发酵产沼气技术是规模化畜禽养殖场粪便污染治理的有效途径,它不仅是一项提供清洁能源的生物质工程,而且是减轻环境污染、发展生态农业的重要纽带。截至2010年7月底,全国大中型养殖场沼气工程近5000处,年产沼液和沼渣量已超过1.3×... 详细信息

厌氧发酵产沼气技术是规模化畜禽养殖场粪便污染治理的有效途径,它不仅是一项提供清洁能源的生物质工程,而且是减轻环境污染、发展生态农业的重要纽带。截至2010年7月底,全国大中型养殖场沼气工程近5000处,年产沼液和沼渣量已超过1.3×10t。

关键词： pig and dairy manure anaerobic digestion digestrate storage nitrogen and phosphorus distribution characteristics

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The distribution and developmental changing of IL-21 in silkie immune organs

The distribution and developmental changing of IL-21 in silk...

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中国畜牧兽医学会动物解剖学及组织胚胎学分会第十七次学术...

作者： Liu Zhiwei Peng Kemei Song Hui Liu Huazhen Chen Min Lu Zhiqiang Liu Yinxue College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Huazhong Agricultural University

To investigate IL-21 distribution characteristics and development changes in silkie immune organs,in order to breeding and provide the theoretical basis for disease control and *** paraffin section,immunohistochemical techniques were used in the present *** results showed that:(1) In the thymus of silkie,IL-21 is mainly distributed in medulla with a small amount in cortex. Around the thymus corpuscle in medulla,there are many positive cells which are brown,round,similar in size and with no obvious *** nuclei can be clearly seen in the positive cells contained in the thymus of silkies that are 112 days *** with the increase of day age,the amount of IL-21 in the cortex becomes less and *** the thymus of 63-day-old silkies,the amount of IL-21 in medulla is most close to that in *** are few positive cells in the thymus of 112-day-old silkies.(2) In silkies’ spleen,IL-21 is mainly distributed in white pulp with a small number in red *** positive cells can be seen around the spleen summary in the white *** spleen summaries insilkies that are 7 and 14 days old are not as clear as those in 21-day old and older *** cells can also be observed near the marginal zone and ellipsoids of the white *** round or nearly round positive cells are brownish-yellowwith a smaller diameter than those in the thymus and no obvious nucleus.(3) In silkies’ Fabricius bursa,IL-21 is mainlydistributed in mucosal epithelium,epithelial plexus and medulla with a small amount in cortex and some in lamina *** brownish-yellow positive cells differ in diameter and have no clear ***-21 is a kind of cell factor that plays an important role in silkies’ immune system and has a wide distribution in the immune *** amount of IL-21 varies in different immune organs and in silkies of different day ages.

关键词： IL-21 Silkie Immune organ distribution characteristics Developmental changing

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