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Modeling Impact of Hurricane Damages on Income Distribution in the Coastal U.S.

International Journal of disaster Risk Science 2014年第4期5卷 265-273页

作者： Tatjana Miljkovic Dragan Miljkovic Department of Statistics North Dakota State UniversityFargoND 58108USA Department of Applied Economics North Dakota State UniversityFargoND 58108USA

This article examines the impact of catastrophic hurricane events on income distribution in hurricane states in the United States. Media claims have been made and the perception created that the most damaging impact of hurricanes is on the lowest income population in the affected states. If these claims are true, they may have serious implications for the insurance industry and government policy makers. We develop a panel data, fixed effects econometric model that includes hurricane-impacted states as cross-sections using annual data for a period of almost 100 years. The Gini coefficient is used as a measure of income inequality, and is a function of normalized hurricane economic damages, gross domestic product(GDP), a set of socioeconomic variables that serves as a control, time trend, and cross-sectional dummy *** indicate that for every 100 billion US dollars in hurricane economic damages there is an increase in income inequality by 5.4 % as measured by Gini ***, sociodemographic, and economic variables are also significant. These include such variables as the political party controlling the U.S. Senate, the proportion of nonwhite population by state, and GDP. Time trend is a positive and significant variable, suggesting an increase in income inequality over time. There are significant differences among the states included in the study. Our results demonstrate that different segments of the population are differently impacted by hurricanes and suggest how that differential impact could be considered in future government policies and business decisions, particularly those made by the insurance industry.

关键词： Hurricane damages Income distribution disaster insurance United States

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Are disasters a Risk to Regional Fiscal Balance?Evidence from Indonesia

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International Journal of disaster Risk Science 2021年第6期12卷 839-853页

作者： Astrid Wiyanti Alin Halimatussadiah Economic Planning and Development Policy University of IndonesiaJakarta 10440Indonesia Center for Climate Finance and Multilateral Policy Fiscal Policy AgencyMinistry of Finance of IndonesiaJakarta 10710Indonesia Department of Economics University of Indonesia.Depok 16424.Indonesia

Indonesia is an archipelago country and is fairly vulnerable to disasters. While disasters generally affect government revenue and expenditure, their effects likely vary by country. This study examines the effect of disasters on the fiscal balance, revenue, and expenditure of local governments. We used panel data and fixed effects methods to estimate the degree to which disaster severity influences budgetary solvency at the district and provincial levels in Indonesia between 2010 and 2018. This study revealed that disasters can strain fiscal balance at the district and provincial levels due to a decrease in own-source revenue and an increase in social assistance expenditure, capital expenditure, consumption expenditure, and unexpected expenditure. The district expenditure most threatened by disasters is consumption expenditure, while the provincial expenditure most threatened is unexpected expenditure. We also found that an increase in capital expenditure can lead to financial burden due to delays of planned projects or post-disaster reconstruction. Based on these findings, it is clear that some forms of insurance or other financing schemes are necessary to mitigate the adverse impacts of disasters on regional fiscal balance.

关键词： Budgetary solvency disaster impacts disaster insurance Fiscal balance Indonesia Local government budgets

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