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Ambiguity Resolution in direction of arrival Estimation with Linear Antenna Arrays Using Differential Geometry

Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第1期70卷 581-599页

作者： Alamgir Safi Muhammad Asghar Khan Fahad Algarni Muhammad Adnan Aziz M.Irfan Uddin Insaf Ullah Tanweer Ahmad Cheema Department of Electronic Engineering ISRA UniversityIslamabad44000Pakistan Hamdard Institute of Engineering&Technology Islamabad44000Pakistan College of Computing and Information Technology University of BishaBishaSaudi Arabia Institute of Computing Kohat University of Science and TechnologyKohatPakistan

Linear antenna arrays(LAs)can be used to accurately predict the direction of arrival(DOAs)of various targets of interest in a given area.However,under certain conditions,LA suffers from the problem of ambiguities among the angles of targets,which may result inmisinterpretation of such targets.In order to cope up with such ambiguities,various techniques have been proposed.Unfortunately,none of them fully resolved such a problem because of rank deficiency and high computational cost.We aimed to resolve such a problem by proposing an algorithm using differential geometry.The proposed algorithm uses a specially designed doublet antenna array,which is made up of two individual linear arrays.Two angle observation models,ambiguous observation model(AOM)and estimated observation model(EOM),are derived for each individual array.The ambiguous set of angles is contained in the AOM,which is obtained from the corresponding array elements using differential geometry.The EOM for each array,on the other hand,contains estimated angles of all sources impinging signals on each array,as calculated by a direction-finding algorithm such as the genetic algorithm.The algorithm then contrasts the EOM of each array with its AOM,selecting the output of that array whose EOM has the minimum correlation with its corresponding AOM.In comparison to existing techniques,the proposed algorithm improves estimation accuracy and has greater precision in antenna aperture selection,resulting in improved resolution capabilities and the potential to be used more widely in practical scenarios.The simulation results using MATLAB authenticates the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

关键词： Antenna array direction of arrival ambiguity resolution doublet antenna array ambiguous observation model estimated observation model

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Rapid Phase Ambiguity Elimination Methods for DOA Estimator via Hybrid Massive MIMO Receive Array

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Chinese Journal of Electronics 2024年第1期33卷 175-184页

作者： Xichao ZHAN Zhongwen SUN Feng SHU Yiwen CHEN Xin CHENG Yuanyuan WU Qi ZHANG Yifan LI Peng ZHANG School of Information and Communication Engineering Hainan University School of Electronic and Optical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology

For a sub-connected hybrid multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO) receiver with K subarrays and N antennas, there exists a challenging problem of how to rapidly remove phase ambiguity in only single time-slot. A direction of arrival(DOA) estimator of maximizing received power(Max-RP) is proposed to find the maximum value of K-subarray output powers, where each subarray is in charge of one sector, and the center angle of the sector corresponding to the maximum output is the estimated true DOA. To make an enhancement on precision, Max-RP plus quadratic interpolation(Max-RP-QI) method is designed. In the proposed Max-RP-QI, a quadratic interpolation scheme is adopted to interpolate the three DOA values corresponding to the largest three receive powers of Max-RP.To achieve the Cramer Rao lower bound, a Root-MUSIC plus Max-RP-QI scheme is developed. Simulation results show that the proposed three methods eliminate the phase ambiguity during one time-slot and also show low computational complexities. The proposed Root-MUSIC plus Max-RP-QI scheme can reach the Cramer Rao lower bound,and the proposed Max-RP and Max-RP-QI are still some performance losses 2–4 d B compared to the Cramer Rao lower bound.

关键词： Hybrid analog and digital direction of arrival Massive hybrid multiple-input multiple-output Phase ambiguity Low computational complexity

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direction of arrival estimation on cylindrical conformal array using RARE

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Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics 2011年第5期22卷 767-772页

作者： Kai Yang Zhiqin Zhao Wei Yang Zaiping Nie School of Electronic Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu 610054 E R. China

When the information of mutual coupling and shadowing effect of a conformal antenna array are unknown, the performance of direction of arrival （DOA） estimation will be seriously degraded by using some classical methods, such as the multiple signal classification （MUSIC） algorithm. Meanwhile it is difficult to measure or estimate the shadowing effect. The DOA estimation for a conformal uniform circular array （UCA） is studied. Firstly, the azimuthal angle is separated from all the unknown information by transforming the UCA from the element space to the mode space. Then the rank reduction （RARE） algorithm is applied in the estima- tion of the azimuthal angle. The π ambiguity existed in the RARE is solved by the beam forming. The main advantage of this method is that it does not need to measure the mutual coupling and the shadowing effect. Compared with the subarray method, it will not decrease the aperture of the array. Simulation results validate the advantages of the method.

关键词： conformal antenna direction of arrival mutual coupling.

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Estimation of the direction of arrival Using Virtual Matrix Method for HF Ground Wave Radar

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Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences 2007年第2期12卷 289-293页

作者： HUANG Jian ZHONG Zhifeng WEN Biyang School of Electronic Information Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 Hubei China

According to the characteristic of the echo of highfrequency ground wave radar（HF GWR）, which is one-dimensional narrow band signal, a virtual direction of arrival（DOA） matrix is constructed at first, then the DOA of target evaluation is achieved by the method of resolving equations for two-dimensional DOA matrix. And this method bases on the redundancy information of a linear two-row array of antennae. Both the simulation process and the treatment results of measured data （in the case of low SNR echoes and short data series） are given at the end of this paper. By comparing with GPS data of the targets, the validity and practical applicability of the method in this paper is verified.

关键词： HF ground wave radar virtual direction of arrival high-order cumulant

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Unitary cyclic ESPRIT-like direction finding

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2010年第10期53卷 2087-2096页

作者： LIU ZhiGang & WANG JinKuan Department of Electronic Information, Northeastern University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China Department of Electronic Information Northeastern University Qinhuangdao China

A unitary formulation of cyclic ESPRIT algorithm, with uniform linear array (ULA) configuration, is proposed by constructing the forward backward cyclic autocorrelation matrix by Hermitian mapping. This approach not only substantially reduces the computational complexity via real-valued decomposition, but also outperforms the forward backward spatial smoothing algorithm for uncorrelated or correlated sources. In addition, this method allows to select desired signals and to ignore interferences because of its signal-selective property. The performance analysis shows that for uncorrelated or correlated sources, the Hermitian mapping approach has a lower RMSE and a higher output SNR than the FBSS method. Finally, simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed methods.

关键词： array signal processing cyclostationary signals direction of arrival cyclic ESPRIT unitary ESPRIT

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DOA estimation method for wideband signals by sparse recovery in frequency domain

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Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics 2017年第5期28卷 871-878页

作者： Jiaqi Zhen Zhifang Wang College of Electronic Engineering Heilongjiang University

The traditional super-resolution direction finding methods based on sparse recovery need to divide the estimation space into several discrete angle grids, which will bring the final result some error. To this problem, a novel method for wideband signals by sparse recovery in the frequency domain is proposed. The optimization functions are found and solved by the received data at every frequency, on this basis, the sparse support set is obtained, then the direction of arrival (DOA) is acquired by integrating the information of all frequency bins, and the initial signal can also be recovered. This method avoids the error caused by sparse recovery methods based on grid division, and the degree of freedom is also expanded by array transformation, especially it has a preferable performance under the circumstances of a small number of snapshots and a low signal to noise ratio (SNR).

关键词： super-resolution direction of arrival sparse recovery frequency domain wideband signals

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Joint estimation of DOA, frequency, and polarization based on cumulants and UCA

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Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics 2007年第4期18卷 704-709页

作者： Huang Jiacai Shi Yaowu Tao Jianwu Automation Dept. Nanjing Institute of Technology Nanjing 211167 P. R. China Coll. of Communication Jilin Univ. Changchun 130025 P. R. China Univ. of Aeronautics Changchun 130022 P R. China

A joint estimation algorithm of direction of arrival （DOA）, frequency, and polarization, based on fourth-order cumulants and uniform circular array （UCA） of trimmed vector sensors is presented for narrowband non-Gaussian signals. The proposed approach, which is suitable for applications in arbitrary Gaussian noise environments, gives a closed-form representation of the estimated parameters, without spectral peak searching. An efficient method is also provided for elimination of cyclic phase ambiguities. Simulations are presented to show the performance of the algorithm.

关键词： polarization direction of arrival frequency fourth-order cumulant uniform circular array vector sensor

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Accurate single-observer passive coherent location estimation based on TDOA and DOA

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2014年第4期27卷 913-923页

作者： Li Jing Zhao Yongjun Li Donghai Zhengzhou Information Science and Technology Institute Huanghe Science and Technology College

This paper investigates the problem of target position estimation with a single-observer passive coherent location（PCL） system. An approach that combines angle with time difference of arrival（ATDOA） is used to estimate the location of a target. Compared with the TDOA-only method which needs two steps, the proposed method estimates the target position more directly. The constrained total least squares（CTLS） technique is applied in this approach. It achieves the Cramer–Rao lower bound（CRLB） when the parameter measurements are subject to small Gaussian-distributed errors. Performance analysis and the CRLB of this approach are also studied. Theory verifies that the ATDOA method gets a lower CRLB than the TDOA-only method with the same TDOA measuring error. It can also be seen that the position of the target affects estimating precision.At the same time, the locations of transmitters affect the precision and its gradient direction.Compared with the TDOA, the ATDOA method can obtain more precise target position estimation.Furthermore, the proposed method accomplishes target position estimation with a single transmitter,while the TDOA-only method needs at least four transmitters to get the target position. Furthermore,the transmitters＇ position errors also affect precision of estimation regularly.

关键词： Constrained total leastsquares Cramer-Rao bounds direction of arrival Passive coherent location Time difference of arrival

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Quaternion based joint DOA and polarization parameters estimation with stretched three-component electromagnetic vector sensor array

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Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics 2017年第1期28卷 1-9页

作者： Jichao Zhao Haihong Tao National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing Xidian UniversityXi’an 710071China

The three-component electromagnetic vector sensor (EMVS) consisting of co-centered orthogonally oriented x-dipole, z-dipole and z-loop is considered. In order to make full use of the spatial aperture of each component, the original uniform linear three-component EMVS array (ULTEA) is stretched into one half-wavelength spaced uniform linear loop subarray (ULLSA) along the z axis, and one sparse uniform linear co-centered orthogonally oriented dual-dipole (CODD) subarray (SULCSA) along the x axis. Then, a generalized rotation invariance based quaternion multiple signal classification (GRIQ-MUSIC) algorithm is presented for direction of arrival (DOA) and polarization parameters estimation. According to the proposed algorithm, the elevation angles are firstly estimated based on the half-wavelength spaced ULLSA. Then the polarization phase differences and azimuth angles are obtained based on the coupling relationship between the angle domain and polarization domain, but the azimuth angles are in coarse-resolution since the array aperture is not utilized. Next, the SULCSA is used to re-estimate the azimuth angles in fine-resolution, and the ambiguity problem can be resolved by the least square method. Finally, based on the estimated elevation angles, azimuth angles and polarization phase differences, the corresponding auxiliary polarization angles can be estimated by N times one-dimensional parameter search, where N is the sources number, and the parameters are matched automatically. Based on the GRIQ-MUSIC algorithm, the high dimensional parameters search problem of the conventional Q-MUSIC algorithm is simplified to a one-dimensional parameter search problem, thus the proposed algorithm not only reduces the computation complexity considerably, but also avoids the performance degradation caused by the failure in parameters pairing. The simulation examples demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed algorithm. ? 1990-2011 Beijing Institute of Aerospace Information.

关键词： Computer music direction of arrival Least squares approximations Polarization Wavelet analysis

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Method for array gain and phase uncertainties calibration based on ISM and ESPRIT

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Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics 2009年第2期20卷 223-228页

作者： Liao Bin Liao Guisheng National Key Lab of Radar Signal Processing Xidian Univ. Xi'an 710071 P. R. China

A new method for array calibration of array gain and phase uncertainties, which severely degrade the performance of spatial spectrum estimation, is presented. The method is based on the idea of the instrumental sensors method （ISM）, two well-calibrated sensors are added into the original array. By applying the principle of estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance techniques （ESPRIT）, the direction-of-arrivals （DOAs） and uncertainties can be estimated simultaneously through eigen-decomposition. Compared with the conventional ones, this new method has less computational complexity while has higher estimation precision, what＇s more, it can overcome the problem of ambiguity. Both theoretical analysis and computer simulations show the effectiveness of the proposed method.

关键词： array calibration array gain and phase uncertainties direction of arrival instrumental sensors method,estimation of signal parameters via rotationaJ invariance techniques.

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