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Journal of Environmental Protection 2016年第3期7卷 453-466页

作者： Lisa Richman Liad Haimovici Terry Kolic Sladjana Besevic Eric Reiner Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change Etobicoke Canada

Pringle Creek, identified as the source of dioxin/furan (PCDD/F) contamination to a Lake Ontario harbour was remediated in 2008. Surface sediment collected in 2013 near the floodplain remediation was no longer contaminated (∑17PCDD\Fs 17PCDD\Fs 2900 pg/g dw). Nevertheless, sediment ∑17PCDD/F concentrations were lower in 2013 than pre-remediation suggesting that cleaner sediment was being deposited in the creek. Core data confirmed the decrease in sediment contamination through time since the most contaminated sediment was buried. Prior to the development of a remediation strategy for the harbour, the transport of bed-load and suspended sediment contaminated with PCDD/F was assessed. The challenge was the shallow water depth (0.6 m) throughout the creek thereby requiring non-standard sediment traps designed for this study. Suspended sediment collected in traps in 2014 showed residual contamination at the remediated site (∑17PCDD\Fs: 380 pg/g dw;TEQ (TEF fish) < 0.6 pg/g), with concentrations increasing with distance downstream mirroring surface sediment: mean ∑17PCDD\Fs concentration for suspended sediment at the creek mouth was 2200 pg/g (SD 260 pg/g dw) indicating PCDD/F contributions to the harbour. However, congener patterns in bottom sediment and suspended sediment near the remediated site and extending about 100 m downstream were similar to background upstream patterns consistent with atmospheric deposition as the source rather than the historical source which indicated that floodplain remedial actions were successful.

关键词： dioxins Furans Sediment Remediation Contamination

Determination of PCDD/F Levels in Wood Shavings Used as Bedding Material for Poultry Production

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2016年第13期7卷 2047-2055页

作者： Miguel Cardo Américo Martins Carla Raminhos Maria Campos Fernando Bernardo Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (FMV) University of Lisbon Lisbon Portugal Autoridade de Seguranóa Alimentar e Económica Laboratório de Físico-Química (LFQ) Lisbon Portugal

During 2006 and 2011, following the implementation of dioxin contamination monitoring in poultry meat, levels higher than legally allowed in meat from poultry slaughtered for human consumption, were found. The wood shavings used as bedding material in the poultry farm showed considerable high contaminations, indicating that these materials were the likely source of contamination of the animals. Wood shavings samples (n = 23), used as poultry litters in intensive farms of broilers, were analysed. In both episodes, contamination profiles of higher and lower concentrations, seem to be very similar, being OCDD, OCDF, 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD and 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF responsible for 97.4 % of the total contamination. The present work describes the analytical adapted, used methodology and the specific clean-up procedures, which revealed that recoveries of 13C12-Labelled compounds added to the wood shavings samples ranged from 71.3% to 86.3%.

关键词： dioxins Wood Shavings Analytical Method Food Chain

An Environmental Risk Evaluation Method Employing Atmospheric Dispersion Models and GIS

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2013年第12期4卷 1392-1408页

作者： Masakazu Ishii Kayoko Yamamoto Graduate School of Information Systems University of Electro-Communications Tokyo Japan.

This study aims to develop a method for evaluating the environmental risk of harmful chemical substances released from specific sources, using two atmospheric dispersion models and GIS (Geographic Information Systems). In the first stage of evaluation, ADMER was used to conduct a wide-area evaluation which covered the entire area of the evaluation target region. In the second stage, METI-LIS was used to conduct a detailed limited-area evaluation which targeted the vicinity of sources. In this study, incinerators were selected as sources and dioxins were selected as harmful chemical substances. The area selected for evaluation was the Tokyo Metropolis in Japan, and the evaluation method proposed in this study was used to evaluate environmental risk. Through the use of atmospheric dispersion models and GIS, the behavior of dioxins emitted into the atmosphere from incinerators was estimated. By superimposing atmospheric levels and population data, the amounts of dioxins that humans exposed to were found. Additionally, by superimposing deposition amounts and land use data, the amounts of dioxins accumulated in each land environment were found. Conducting these steps enabled the impact of dioxins on humans and the environment to be grasped quantitatively and visually, and the risk that dioxins emitted from incinerators pose to the environment to be evaluated.

关键词： Environmental Risk Atmospheric Dispersion Models GIS dioxins Incinerator

Research and industrial testing of dioxin emission reduction technology in the sintering process

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Baosteel Technical Research 2021年第3期15卷 1-8页

作者： YU Yongmei Research Institute Baoshan Iron&Steel Co.Ltd.Shanghai 201999China

Based on an analysis of the chlorine elements in each component of the sintering mixture,industrial tests of the use of dioxin reduction techniques in the sintering process were found to reduce the chlorine sources and inhibit the formation of dioxins.The dioxin reduction effect obtained in the industrial experiment was better than that in the sintering pot experiment,but their patterns were consistent.When urea is used as an inhibitor,the dioxins can be significantly reduced.When a 0.02%ratio of urea was added,a maximum dioxin emission reduction of 79%was obtained.Reducing the chlorine sources also had an obvious dioxin reduction effect,enabling a 69.49%reduction.In addition,when these two technologies were applied simultaneously,a significant emission reduction rate of 92.23%was achieved.The concentration of dioxins in flue gas dropped to 0.2421 ng TEQ/m^(3) before desulfurization,which meets the emission standard for dioxins in the final exhaust gas.

关键词： dioxins flue gas sintering process

Production of Safe Charcoal from Waste Construction Wood Treated With Citric Acid

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2011年第8期2卷 1134-1142页

作者： Masafumi Tateda Masaru Okura Youngchul Kim Bandunee C. L. Athapattu 不详

For practical reuse of wastewater containing citric acid and the production of safe and healthy high-quality charcoal from waste construction wood, basic data regarding the influence of citric acid washing treatments on the physico- chemical property of charcoal was investigated in order to find the benefits of using citric acid for washing out impurities of the wood, owing to its chelate bonding ability with elements such as metals. Parameters obtained for evaluating the benefits were water content, volatile component content, ash content, fixed carbon content, and the heat value of the charcoal. All parameters, except ash content, throughout all carbonization temperatures were not significantly different between the charcoal of the wood treated with and without citric acid. However, the ash content showed significant differences between the charcoal treated with and without citric acid throughout all carbonization temperatures. Regarding the heat value, the highest heat value was shown on the charcoal carbonated at 600?C with the static washing treatment. dioxins that were higher in content than the control sample were somehow detected in the ash of the charcoal with the shaking treatment. Further investigation is needed for the production of safe and healthy charcoal using waste citric acid.

关键词： Charcoal Waste Construction Wood Citric Acid Metals Ash dioxins

Ways of Analysis of Fire Effluents and Assessment of Toxic Hazards

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Journal of Analytical Sciences, Methods and Instrumentation 2015年第1期5卷 1-12页

作者： Abdulrhman M. Dhabbah Department of Forensic Science King Fahad Security College Riyadh Saudi Arabia

Fire effluents, in most cases, have an adverse effect on human health and the environment. Exposure to some compounds may show both acute and chronic toxicity. There is a lack of knowledge on the effect of organic products on the human body in terms of the rate of organic material production in fires and their degree of toxicity. Thus, there is a need to expand the scope of studies about the organic products generated from fires and improve the methods of assessment to be included as part of fire hazard assessment. Different factors can be contributed to this lack of knowledge. For example, the composition of organic products generated from fires changes progressively and rapidly with progression of combustion and in a manner that is dependent on the fire condition. It is difficult to identify individual organic compounds produced during combustion. Another key factor is the lack of suitable instruments for measuring organic products generated from a fire. Also, the lack of procedures that are used to evaluate the lethal concentration limits and the lethal dose for a broad range of organic compounds generated from a fire may be another important factor which can be contributed to this lack of knowledge.

关键词： Fire Effluents Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Semi-Volatile Organic Compounds (SVOCs) Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) dioxins Isocyanates

排放源及周围环境空气中二噁英类污染状况研究

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分析测试学报 2008年第S1期27卷 114-115,119页

作者：巩宏平刘劲松潘荷芳钟光剑杨寅森浙江省环境监测中心浙江杭州310012

Flue gas of emission source and ambient air samples were collected and analyzed.dioxins concentrations in flue gas and air samples ranged from 0.56 to 1.90 ngI-TEQ/m3 with average of 1.30 ngI-TEQ/m3 and from 0.11 to 0.36 pgI-TEQ/m3 with average of 0.20 pgI-TEQ/m3,respectively.dioxins congener profiles were compared using three methods and potential relationship of the two types of samples were discussed.

关键词： dioxins ambient air emission source

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纸浆漂白过程中二噁类的生成及控制

中国造纸 1996年第3期15卷 48-51页

作者：郑明辉包志成徐晓白王克欧中国科学院生态环境研究中心

概述了纸浆漂白过程中二噁类的生成机理，介绍了减少二类生成量所应采取的措施。

关键词：纸浆漂白二恶英类 dioxins 排放控制

销毁含多氯联苯废弃物焚烧炉的二噁、类二噁和多氯联苯排放

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环境科学进展 1999年第1期7卷 45-49页

作者：蒋可李灵军陈宇东金军张岱辉中国科学院生态环境研究中心

我国正在研制专用于销毁高浓度多氯联苯（ＰＣＢｓ）的焚烧炉，主要处理废旧的含（ＰＣＢｓ）的电力电容器和变压器，应用可靠准确的监测方法测定了试验性焚烧炉渣、烟灰排气和废水中的二口恶口英（ｄｉｏｘｉｎｓ），类二口恶口英多氯... 详细信息

我国正在研制专用于销毁高浓度多氯联苯（ＰＣＢｓ）的焚烧炉，主要处理废旧的含（ＰＣＢｓ）的电力电容器和变压器，应用可靠准确的监测方法测定了试验性焚烧炉渣、烟灰排气和废水中的二口恶口英（ｄｉｏｘｉｎｓ），类二口恶口英多氯联苯（ｄｉｏｘｉｎｌｉｋｅＰＣＢｓ）和ＰＣＢｓ含量，结果表明该炉试烧高浓度ＰＣＢｓ时，焚毁率可以达到９９．９９９９％，炉渣中的２，３，７，８ＴＣＤＤ毒性当量为８７．８６ｐｇＴＥＱ／ｇ，烟灰中残留二口恶口英和类二口恶口英的总２，３，７，８ＴＣＤＤ毒性当量为４７．２３ｎｇＴＥＱ／ｇ．

关键词： PCBs废弃物焚烧炉 dioxins 电器废物

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二噁英毒性预测和毒理的理论计算研究

二噁英毒性预测和毒理的理论计算研究

作者：杨红兰州大学

学位级别：硕士

随着当今世界经济的快速发展,环境污染问题日益突出。持久有机污染物具有高毒性、持久性和生物蓄积性等特征,越来越引起人们的重视。二噁英作为一类持久有机污染物拥有大量的同系物,其中一部分毒性巨大。由于二噁英毒性实验费时费力造... 详细信息

随着当今世界经济的快速发展,环境污染问题日益突出。持久有机污染物具有高毒性、持久性和生物蓄积性等特征,越来越引起人们的重视。二噁英作为一类持久有机污染物拥有大量的同系物,其中一部分毒性巨大。由于二噁英毒性实验费时费力造成毒性数据的严重匮乏,因此二噁英毒性数据的缺失以及毒性机制的不明确给人类的生产和生活都带来了巨大的影响。本工作的目的是通过使用化学信息学的理论计算方法来高效、准确研究和预测二噁英的毒性,推测其毒性机理,弥补实验化学的不足。第一章持久有机污染物二噁英和化学信息学综述。主要综述了二噁英的相关背景、前人在二噁英研究中取得的成果;介绍了化学信息学的相关知识以及本研究中所使用的化学信息学方法。第二章基于结构活性关系（SAR）和二维定量构效关系（2D-QSAR）评估并预测二噁英的毒性。在这一章中,我们的主要目的是利用结构活性关系和二维定量构效关系的方法来研究影响二噁英毒性大小的因素,并预测二噁英分子的毒性数据。首先使用定性结构活性关系分析了60种二噁英分子的结构和其毒性数值之间的关系,初步得出影响二噁英毒性的因素主要与取代基的种类、取代的位置有关。为了验证定性分析的猜测,利用二维定量构效关系建立了线性和非线性2D-QSAR模型。通过对模型进行验证,线性模型和非线性模型都具有良好的拟合度、鲁棒性、可靠性以及预测能力。分别使用这两种模型对162种缺乏毒性数据的二噁英分子进行了毒性数据预测,并使用Roy提出的方法对预测结果的准确性进行了评判,结果表明两个模型的预测值具有很高的可信度。此外二维定量构效关系还揭示了5个影响毒性的结构因素,这5个结构因素揭示的毒性机制印证了定性结构活性关系分析得到的推测。该工作补充了持久有机污染物二噁英的毒性数据库,为进一步研究二噁英的毒理提供了初步的依据。第三章基于三维定量构效关系（3D-QSAR）和分子对接研究二噁英毒性以及其与AhR的结合模式。在这章中,我们的主要目的是更准确地研究二噁英的三维结构与毒性的定量关系,并确定二噁英分子与受体蛋白质的结合模式。首先利用CoMFA和CoMSIA对两种不同骨架的二噁英分子分别建立3D-QSAR模型。通过对模型等势图的分析,发现了影响二噁英毒性的几个场,确定了这些场对应的影响二噁英分子毒性的结构特征。为了更加直观地看到小分子配体和蛋白质受体之间的结合模式,我们利用分子对接的方法研究了几个典型二噁英分子与蛋白质之间的作用。分子对接的结果表明了不同分子与受体之间不同的结合模式,从而解释了小分子配体毒性差异的原因。该工作得到的结论也进一步验证了前一个工作中得到的结论,共同揭示了影响二噁英分子毒性的结构因素,为进一步研究二噁英的毒理提供了理论依据。第四章总结与展望。在本章中,我们将论文中全部的工作进行了系统地总结,并列出了本论文得到的所有重要结论。

关键词： SAR 2D-QSAR dioxins 3D-QSAR 分子对接