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Assessment of forest dieback on the Moroccan Central Plateau using spectral vegetation indices

Journal of Forestry Research 2023年第3期34卷 793-808页

作者： Youssef Dallahi Amal Boujraf Modeste Meliho Collins Ashianga Orlando Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnologies Agrosciences and Environment(BioMAgE)Faculty of Sciences SemlaliaCadi Ayyad UniversityMarrakechMorocco Laboratoire des Productions Végétale Animales et Agro-industrieEquipe de BotaniqueBiotechnologie et Protection des PlantesFacultédes SciencesUniversitéIbn TofailKenitraMorocco Sociétés TerritoiresHistoires et PatrimoinesFacultédes Lettres et des Sciences HumainesUniversitéMohammed VRabatMorocco Rabat Morocco

Cork oak forests in Morocco are rich in resources and services thanks to their great biological diversity,playing an important ecological and socioeconomic *** degradation of the forests has been accentuated in recent years by signifi cant human pressure and eff ects of climate change;hence,the health of the stands needs to be *** this study,the Google Engine Earth platform was leveraged to extract the normalized diff erence vegetation index(NDVI)and soil-adjusted vegetation index,from Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS satellite images between 2015 and 2017 to assess the health of the Sibara Forest in *** results highlight the importance of interannual variations in NDVI in forest monitoring;the variations had a signifi cantly high relationship(pdieback *** was positively and negatively correlated with mean annual precipitation and mean annual temperature with respective coeffi cients of 0.49 and−0.67,highlighting its ability to predict phenotypic changes in forest *** interannual variation in NDVI between 2016 and 2017 seemed to confi rm fi eld observations of cork oak dieback in 2018,with the largest decreases in NDVI(up to−38%)in December in the most-aff ected *** of the infl uence of ecological factors on dieback highlighted the role of substrate as a driver of dieback,with the most severely aff ected plots characterized by granite-granodiorite substrates.

关键词： Forest health monitoring Remote sensing dieback Vegetation indices Sibara forest

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Linking morphological and ecophysiological leaf traits to canopy dieback in Persian oak trees from central Zagros

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Journal of Forestry Research 2019年第5期30卷 1755-1764页

作者： Ahmad Hosseini Seyed Mohsen Hosseini Juan Carlos Linares Department of Natural Resources AREEOIlam Agricultural and Natural Research and Education CenterIlam 69317-73835Iran Faculty of Natural Resources&Marine Sciences Tarbiat Modares UniversityNoorMazandaran 46417-76489Iran Department of Physical Chemical and Natural SystemsUniversity Pablo de OlavideCarretera de Utrera Km 141013 SevilleSpain

Intraspecific variability in morphological and ecophysiological leaf traits might be theorized to be present in declining populations,since they seem to be exposed to stress and plasticity could be *** we focused on declining Persian oaks(Quercus brantii ***(Jaub and Spach)Zohary)in the Zagros Mountains of western Iran,representing the most important tree species of this *** selected trees with contrasting crown dieback,from healthy to severely defoliated,to investigate the relationships between canopy dieback and leaf morphology,water content and *** also measured esterase and peroxidase,as enzymatic antioxidants and indicators of contrasting *** showing moderate to severe defoliation showed higher leaf mass area(LMA),reduced relative water content(RWC),and lower stomatal density(SD).Increasing LMA indicates a more sclerophyllic structure,according to drier *** did not find significant differences in leaf pigments(chlorophyll a and b,and carotenoids)among crown dieback classes,suggesting that Persian oak trees are able to maintain accurate photochemical efficiency,while reduced RWC and SD suggest hydraulic *** results do not provide a consistent pattern as regards enzymatic antioxidant defense in Persian *** leaf traits would be important drivers of future adaptive evolution in Persian oak,leading to smaller and thicker leaves,which have fitness benefits in dry ***,drought responses may be critically affecting carbon uptake,as photosynthetic compounds are less effectively used in leaves with higher sclerophylly.

关键词： Crown dieback Drought Leaf mass area Oak decline Quercus brantii Stomatal density Sclerophylly

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Morphological and Phylogenetic Resolution of Diplodia neojuniperi Emerging Diplodia Top dieback of Pinus thunbergii Parl. in China

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2022年第12期91卷 2813-2825页

作者： Xiaolei Ding Ruiwen Zhao Sixi Lin Jianren Ye Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China College of ForestryNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing210037China

In Bazhong City,Sichuan Province,China,top dieback symptoms were found on many pine trees(Pinus thunbergii Parl).The tips of old needles first turned grayish-green and then developed into brown bands in the *** analysis of concatenated ITS and EF1-αindicated the pathogen of this dieback disease as Diplodia ***,effects of temperature,pH and medium on the mycelial growth were also *** most favorable temperature and pH level for mycelial growth are 25°C and 8,*** optimal medium for mycelial growth is PDA *** our knowledge,this is the first report of *** causes Diplodia top dieback on Pinus *** results provide fundamental information for monitoring and preventing such disease in the future.

关键词： dieback Koch’s postulates Diplodia neojuniperi phylogenetic analysis

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Comparative tree-ring anatomy of Fraxinus excelsior with Chalara dieback

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Journal of Forestry Research 2018年第6期29卷 1741-1749页

作者： Mirela Tulik Barbaros Yaman Nesibe Kose Department of Forest Botany Warsaw University of Life Sciences– SGGWWarsaw 02-787Poland Wood Anatomy and Dendrochronology Laboratory Bartin UniversityFaculty of ForestryBartinTurkey Department of Forest Botany Istanbul UniversityFaculty of Forestry34473 IstanbulTurkey

We tested the hypothesis that the biometrical characters of wood elements in ash trees(Fraxinus excelsior L.) become modified in response to the progression of disease caused by Chalara fraxinea. Anatomical analyses were performed on wood samples collected at breast height from the trunks of groups of ash trees which contained healthy, weakened and dead trees. We measured(1) treering width,(2) earlywood vessel diameter,(3) earlywood vessel element length,(4) fibre length,(5) fibre diameter,(6) fibre lumen diameter, and(7) fibre wall thickness. We showed that tree-ring width diminished in all analysed groups during disease progression. However, the greatest suppression of growth was observed in dead trees. In both weakened and dead ash trees, the reduction in tree-ring width was accompanied by diminished vessel diameter in the earlywood of the outermost annual rings. The annual rings of dead trees had shorter fibres having greater lumen diameter and thinner cell walls. Consequently, water conduction in the sapwood of dead ash trees was less efficient owing to reduced vessel diameter, and this seems to be one of the greatest disease-induced morphological modifications. All the anatomical modifications might be due to leaf loss and crown dieback triggered by Chalara fraxinea.

关键词： Ash dieback Fibres Vessels Wood

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The Relationship of the Sapstreak Fungus, Ceratocystis virescens, to Sugar Maple dieback and Decay in Northern Michigan

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2013年第2期4卷 436-443页

作者： Tara L. Bal Dana L. Richter Andrew J. Storer Martin F. Jurgensen School of Forest Resources and Environmental Science Michigan Technological University Houghton USA

Unusually high levels of dieback have recently been reported in sugar maple, Acer saccharum Marsh., in Upper Michigan, and a network of plots was established to determine the extent and factors associated with the dieback. A possible contributor to this dieback is sapstreak disease caused by Ceratocystis virescens (Davidson) Moreau. Unhealthy trees with considerable crown dieback were evaluated across the western Upper Peninsula, MI to determine the prevalence of the sapstreak fungus using a minimally destructive sampling technique. Approximately 8% of 90 trees sampled were sapstreak positive and approximately 10% of trees were positive at one site that had recently been harvested. While the high levels of maple dieback present in these forests appear not to be directly caused by widespread sapstreak disease, the occurrence of sapstreak may be significantly impacting trees at some locations. However, even when present on a low number of trees, the biointeraction of sapstreak and decay rates from other fungi could be important for future tree mortality and value to the forest industry. Therefore, the effect of two sapstreak fungal isolates on the amount of decay caused by two common maple white rot fungi, Trametes versicolor (L.:Fr.) Pilat. And Irpex lacteus (Fr.:Fr.) Fr. was tested in the laboratory. Sugar maple wood blocks were precolonized by two native isolates of C. virescens followed by inoculation and incubation with decay fungi. Mean percent weight loss of blocks by white rot decay fungi ranged from 39% to 55%, but decay rates were not significantly affected by the presence of the sapstreak fungus.

关键词： Sapstreak Disease Acer sacharrum Decay Rates Crown dieback

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Forest Fairy Ring Fungi Clitocybe nebularis, Soil Bacillusspp., and Plant Extracts Exhibit in VitroAntagonism on dieback PhytophthoraSpecies

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Natural Resources 2013年第2期4卷 189-194页

作者： Catherine Hearst David Nelson Graham McCollum Shekhar Sharma Juluri R. Rao Applied Plant Science Division Agri-Food & Biosciences Institute Belfast UK Grosvenor Grammar School Belfast UK

In vitro Kirby-Bauer disc-diffusion assays coupled with bio-imaging software techniques were used to assess native forest dwelling “fairy ring” forming fungi (Clitocybe nebularis) and co-habitant forest tree-root colonising non pathogenic, antibiotic producing bacteria (Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus pumilis) for their antagonism towards Japanese larch dieback oomycetes phytopathogens which also affects ornamental alternative hosts. The aqueous extracts of C. nebularis exhibited the highest clearance (inhibitory) zone of 21.4 × 105 pixels = 573%) against Phytophthora ramorum than growth/clear zone Cartesian integrates recorded in untreated (control) disc (3.7 × 105 pixels = 100%) over 3-day incubation. The fairy ring fungal extracts also exhibited substantive antagonism against P. kernoviae (147%), P. lateralis (347%) and a solanaceous crop infecting P. infestans (86%). Quite encouragingly, the soil oomycete phytopathogen P. ramorum was inhibited strongly (mean ~ 177%) by both forest bacilli. Aqueous extracts of non-forest antifungal herbaceous plants (garlic and elderberry) expressed similar inhibitory effects (mean ~ 70%). A seaweed fungal elicitor component fucoidan showed moderate levels (mean ~ 85%) of antagonism against P. ramorum, P. kernoviae, P. lateralis and P. infestans. The results in this in vitro study highlight the intensity and vigor of antagonistic forest microflora and non-forest herbaceous antifungal agents such as garlic and other plant extracts as serious candidates for suppression of the oomycete Phytophthora pathogenic fungi in forest soils. This study calls for urgent scoping and impact assessment studies in pot experiments and mini-plot forest trials to gauge the fitness of these natural resources for field level potential biotechnological applications to combat the devastating dieback disease in the native woodlands and horticulture.

关键词： Natural Forest Resources Antifungal Extracts Clitocybe nebularis Bacillus licheniformis Bacillus pumilis Phytophthora Species Japanese Larch dieback Disease

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Botryosphaeria, Neofusicoccum, Neoscytalidium and Pseudofusicoccum species associated with mango in Brazil

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Fungal Diversity 2013年第4期61卷 195-208页

作者： Marília W.Marques Nelson B.Lima Marcos A.de Morais Jr Sami J.Michereff Alan J.L.Phillips Marcos P.S.Câmara Departamento de Agronomia Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco52171-900 RecifeBrazil Departamento de Genética Universidade Federal de Pernambuco50732-970 RecifeBrazil Centro de Recursos Microbiológicos Departamento de Ciências da VidaFaculdade de Ciências e TecnologiaUniversidade Nova de Lisboa2829-516 CaparicaPortugal

Members of the Botryosphaeriaceae are well known fungi associated with dieback,canker and fruit rot on various hosts worldwide,including *** aim of this study was identify a large collection of Botryosphaeriaceae species associated with dieback and stem-end rot of mango in the semi-arid region of Northeastern Brazil,and compare the species in relation to mycelial growth,pathogenicity and virulence.A total of 115 isolates were sampled and based on morphology and DNA sequence data(ITS and EF1-α)seven taxa were identified,namely,Botryosphaeria dothidea,***,Fusicoccum fabicercianum,Neofusicoccum parvum,*** ***,Neoscytalidium dimidiatum and Pseudofusicoccum *** and *** were the most commonly isolated species,which represented 37%and 33%of all isolates *** is reported for the first time in association with mango diseases *** were significant differences among the species obtained in this study in relation to optimum temperature for mycelial growth and mycelial growth *** species were pathogenic on mango *** were significant differences in virulence among the species,with *** and *** being the most virulent species,while *** was the least virulent.

关键词： Botryosphaeriaceae dieback Stem-end rot Mangifera indica Pathogenicity Virulence Phylogeny

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Assessment of Cork Oak Decline Using Digital Multispectral Imagery in Relation with in Situ Crown Condition

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Open Journal of Forestry 2023年第1期13卷 145-160页

作者： Soumia El Ahmadi Hassan Ramzi Abderrahman Aafi Nejm Eddine Jmii Taoufik Aadel National Forestry School of Engineering Salé Morocco University of Quebec in Outaouais Institute of Temperate Forest Sciences Ripon Canada National Center for Climate and Forest Risk Management Rabat Morocco

Cork oak in Maamora forest is experiencing the dieback phenomenon. The evaluation of the latter in this forest has gained the importance over time and with the solicitation of managers to objectify its phytosanitary situation. Aiming at prioritizing management actions, remote sensing seems to be an effective tool to inquire about stands’ health conditions and their evolution. To this end, this study aims at mapping and validating health status of cork oak stands in Maamora. Sentinel 2 images in 2015 and 2020 were processed to calculate the differential normalized difference water index (NDWI), revealing vegetation moisture variation caused by drought. A statistical method based on thresholds was used to map cork oak dieback stands, those with no changes and those recovered. Results have shown that 54.63% of cork oak in Maamora forest have not changed in terms of phytosanitary situation between 2015 and 2020, 31.10% of oak stands are afflicted by a slight decline and 12.97% by a severe decline. Areas with slight or strong recovery remain minimal and represent 1.04% and 0.25% respectively. Ground data indicated that the map generated displayed a good distinction between stands severely and slightly declined with a global accuracy of 66.66%. Therefore, further research elaborating an advanced vegetation index reflecting the various factors of dieback would be of much importance.

关键词： dieback Cork Oak Forest Mâamora Satellite Images Crown Condition

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