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Biomarkers in schizophrenia:A focus on blood based diagnostics and theranostics

World Journal of Psychiatry 2016年第1期6卷 102-117页

作者： Chi-Yu Lai Elizabeth Scarr Madhara Udawela Ian Everall Wei J Chen Brian Dean the Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine College of Public HealthNational Taiwan University Center of Genomic Medicine National Taiwan University Department of Psychiatry the University of Melbourne

Identifying biomarkers that can be used as diagnostics or predictors of treatment response(theranostics) in people with schizophrenia(Sz) will be an important step towards being able to provide personalized treatment. Findings from the studies in brain tissue have not yet been translated into biomarkers that are practical in clinical use because brain biopsies are not acceptable and neuroimaging techniques are expensive and the results are inconclusive. Thus, in recent years, there has been search for blood-based biomarkers for Sz as a valid alternative. Although there are some encouraging preliminary data to support the notion of peripheral biomarkers for Sz, it must be acknowledged that Sz is a complex and heterogeneous disorder which needs to be further dissected into subtype using biological based and clinical markers. The scope of this review is to critically examine published blood-based biomarker of Sz, focusing on possible uses for diagnosis, treatment response, or their relationship with schizophreniaassociated phenotype. We sorted the studies into six categories which include:(1) brain-derived neurotrophic factor;(2) inflammation and immune function;(3) neurochemistry;(4) oxidative stress response and metabolism;(5) epigenetics and micro RNA; and(6) transcriptome and proteome studies. This review also summarized the molecules which have been conclusively reported as potential blood-based biomarkers for Sz in different blood cell types. Finally, we further discusses the pitfall of current blood-based studies and suggest that a prediction model-based, Sz specific, bloodoriented study design as well as standardize blood collection conditions would be useful for Sz biomarker development.

关键词： Schizophrenia Peripheral blood Biomarker diagnostics Schizophrenia-associated phenotype Treatment response Clinical courses

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PB diagnostics公司的自动化AIDS检测法

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生物技术通报 1990年第11期6卷 18-18页

作者：李思经

Polaroid Corp.和 Behringwerke AG 的联合企业 PB diagnostics Systems(Westwood,MA)希望今年开始对一种自动化 AIDS 抗体测试法进行临床试验.它们声称,这是第一种能在一小时内得出结果的试验方法,而大部分自动化试验法需要两小时或更... 详细信息

Polaroid Corp.和 Behringwerke AG 的联合企业 PB diagnostics Systems(Westwood,MA)希望今年开始对一种自动化 AIDS 抗体测试法进行临床试验.它们声称,这是第一种能在一小时内得出结果的试验方法,而大部分自动化试验法需要两小时或更多时间才能完成.Cambridge BioScience 公司(Worcester,MA)市场销售了一种手工操作的。

关键词：联合企业 PB diagnostics 试验方法 Cambridge 临床试验手工操作打印结果司卿随机存取阴性样

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Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease:Navigating terminological evolution,diagnostic frontiers and therapeutic horizon-an editorial exploration

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第18期30卷 2387-2390页

作者： Aleksandra Boldys Lukasz Buldak Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology School of Medicine in KatowiceMedical University of SilesiaKatowice 40-752Poland

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD),once known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD),represents a spectrum of liver disorders characterized by lipid accumulation within *** redefinition of NAFLD in 2023 marked a significant reposition in terminology,emphasizing a broader understanding of liver steatosis and its associated *** is now recognized as a major risk factor for liver cirrhosis,hepatocellular carcinoma,and systemic complications such as cardiovascular diseases or systemic *** challenges arise,particularly in identifying MASLD in lean individuals,necessitating updated diagnostic protocols and investing in non-invasive diagnostic ***,there is an urgent need for effective treatments targeting MASLD,with emerging pharmacological options focusing on,among others,carbohydrate and lipid ***,understanding the roles of bile acid metabolism,the microbiome,and dietary interventions in MASLD pathogenesis and management holds promise for innovative therapeutic *** is a strong need to emphasize the importance of collaborative efforts in understanding,diagnosing,and managing MASLD to improve physicians’approaches and patient outcomes.

关键词： Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease diagnostics Pathophysiology of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease Therapy of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease Therapeutic innovations

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Understanding Behavioral Manifestations of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in People with Intellectual Disabilities—A Qualitative Study

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Open Journal of Psychiatry 2024年第2期14卷 67-90页

作者： Lena Grüter Matthias Grünke Department of Rehabilitation and Special Education University of Cologne Cologne Germany

Background: There is limited knowledge about obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in people with intellectual disabilities (IDs). This paper describes the manifestation of compulsive behaviors associated with OCD at the behavioral level in people with ID in institutionalized settings. The aim was to gain nuanced insight into appropriate understanding and classification in this specific context, and derive implications for research and practice. Methods: Individual cases of people with ID (n = 7) were studied to assess compulsive symptoms through two days of on-site observation of the person with ID within the institution, guided group discussions (n = 28), and semi-structured interviews with key informants and caregivers of the person with ID (n = 20). Caregiver ratings of the compulsive behavior checklist were compiled. Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Results: All forms of OCD were present. Characteristics of compulsive behaviors in people with ID at the behavioral level included less complex and more obvious compulsive acts, immediate responses, signs of tension, motor restlessness, facial expression changes, repetition, need for predictability, time-consuming behaviors, and aggressive reactions when these acts were interrupted. Some of the compulsive behaviors corresponded to the ICD-11 OCD code 6B20, and others to compulsions as a psychological symptom (MB23.4). Conclusions: OCD may manifest atypically at the behavioral level in people with ID, posing significant challenges for accurate classification due to symptom ambiguity. Follow-up differential diagnostic studies are needed to more accurately identify and differentiate OCD symptoms in people with ID. Further, disorder-specific guidelines for recognizing OCD in people with ID are needed for institutionalized settings without psychiatric-psychotherapeutic expertise.

关键词： People with Intellectual Disabilities Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Compulsive Behavior diagnostics Differential Diagnosis

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Analysis of Aluminum Dust Cloud Combustion Using Flame Emission Spectroscopy

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光谱学与光谱分析 2015年第9期35卷 2431-2438页

作者： Sanghyup Lee Kwanyoung Noh Woongsup Yoon Advanced Energy and Propulsion Laboratory Department of Mechanical EngineeringYonsei University

In this study,aluminum flame analysis was researched in order to develop a measurement method for high-energy-density metal aluminum dust cloud combustion,and the flame temperature and UV-VIS-IR emission spectra were precisely measured using a *** the micron-sized aluminum flame temperature was higher than 2 400 K,Flame temperature was measured by a non-contact optical technique,namely,a modified two-color method using 520 and 640nm light,as well as by apolychromatic fitting *** methods were applied experimentally after accurate *** flame temperature was identified to be higher than 2 400 Kusing both *** analyzing the emission spectra,we could identify AlO radicals,which occur dominantly in aluminum *** study paves the way for realization of a measurement technique for aluminum dust cloud combustion flames,and it will be applied in the aluminum combustors that are in development for military purposes.

关键词： Aluminum combustion Flame characteristics High-temperature measurement Emission spectroscopy diagnostics

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A combined technique of Kalman filter, artificial neural network and fuzzy logic for gas turbines and signal fault isolation

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2021年第2期34卷 124-135页

作者： Simone TOGNI Theoklis NIKOLAIDIS Suresh SAMPATH Department of Power and Propulsion Cranfield UniversityCranfield MK-43United Kingdom

The target of this paper is the performance-based diagnostics of a gas turbine for the automated early detection of components malfunctions. The paper proposes a new combination of multiple methodologies for the performance-based diagnostics of single and multiple failures on a two-spool engine. The aim of this technique is to combine the strength of each methodology and provide a high success rate for single and multiple failures with the presence of measurement malfunctions. A combination of KF(Kalman Filter), ANN(Artificial Neural Network) and FL(Fuzzy Logic) is used in this research in order to improve the success rate, to increase the flexibility and the number of failures detected and to combine the strength of multiple methods to have a more robust solution. The Kalman filter has in his strength the measurement noise treatment, the artificial neural network the simulation and prediction of reference and deteriorated performance profile and the fuzzy logic the categorization flexibility, which is used to quantify and classify the failures. In the area of GT(Gas Turbine) diagnostics, the multiple failures in combination with measurement issues and the utilization of multiple methods for a 2-spool industrial gas turbine engine has not been investigated *** paper reports the key contribution of each component of the methodology and brief the results in the quantification and classification success rate. The methodology is tested for constant deterioration and increasing noise and for random deterioration. For the random deterioration and nominal noise of 0.4%, in particular, the quantification success rate is above 92.0%, while the classification success rate is above 95.1%. Moreover, the speed of the data processing(1.7 s/sample)proves the suitability of this methodology for online diagnostics.

关键词： Artificial neural network Data analytics Data filtering diagnostics Fuzzy logic Gas turbine Kalman filter Performance-based diagnostics

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Design of Q-band FMCW reflectometry for electron density profile measurement on the Joint TEXT tokamak

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Plasma Science and Technology 2017年第2期19卷 101-107页

作者：万凌寒杨州军周若冰潘晓明张弛谢先立阮博文 State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074People's Republic of China

The Q-band （33-50 GHz） fast sweep frequency modulated continuous wave （FMCW） reflectometry has been recently developed for electron density profile measurement on the Joint TEXT tokamak. It operates in ordinary mode （O-mode） with a 20 μs sweeping period, covering the density range from 1 × 10^19m 3 to 3 × 10^19m-3. On the bench test, a Yttrium Iron Garnet （YIG） filter is used for the dynamic calibration of the voltage controlled oscillator （VCO） to obtain a linear frequency sweep. Besides, the use of a power combiner helps to improve the sideband suppression level of the single side-band modulator （SSBM）. The reconstructed density profiles are presented, which demonstrate the capability of the reflectometry.

关键词： reflectometry density plasma diagnostics

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Laser produced electromagnetic pulses: generation, detection and mitigation

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2020年第2期8卷 88-146页

作者： Fabrizio Consoli Vladimir TTikhonchuk Matthieu Bardon Philip Bradford David CCarroll Jakub Cikhardt Mattia Cipriani Robert JClarke Thomas ECowan Colin NDanson Riccardo De Angelis Massimo De Marco Jean-Luc Dubois Bertr Etchessahar Alejro Laso Garcia David IHillier Ales Honsa Weiman Jiang Viliam Kmetik Josef Krása Yutong Li FredériéLubrano Paul McKenna Josefine Metzkes-Ng Alexre Poyé Irene Prencipe Piotr Ra¸czka Rol ASmith Roman Vrana Nigel CWoolsey Egle Zemaityte Yihang Zhang Zhe Zhang Bernhard Zielbauer David Neely ENEA Fusion and Technologies for Nuclear Safety DepartmentC.R.Frascati00044 FrascatiItaly CELIA University of BordeauxCNRSCEA33405 TalenceFrance ELI Beamlines Institute of PhysicsCzech Academy of Sciences25241 Dolni BrezanyCzech Republic CEA DAMCESTA33116 Le BarpFrance Department of Physics York Plasma InstituteUniversity of YorkHeslingtonYork YO105DDUK Central Laser Facility Rutherford Appleton LaboratorySTFCUKRIChiltonDidcotOxfordshire OX110QXUK Czech Technical University in Prague Faculty of Electrical Engineering16627 Prague 6Czech Republic Institute of Plasma Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences Za Slovankou 318200 PragueCzech Republic Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf Institut fur Strahlenphysik01328 DresdenGermany AWE plc AldermastonReadingBerkshire RG74PRUK OxCHEDS Clarendon LaboratoryDepartment of PhysicsUniversity of OxfordOxford OX13PUUK CIFS The Blackett LaboratoryImperial College LondonLondon SW72AZUK Centro de Laseres Pulsados(CLPU) 37185 VillamayorSalamancaSpain Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics Institute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences Na Slovance 218221 PragueCzech Republic School of Physical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Department of Physics Scottish Universities Physics Alliance(SUPA)University of StrathclydeGlasgow G40NGUK Laboratory PIIM University Aix-Marseille-CNRS13397 MarseilleFrance Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion 01-497 WarsawPoland The Blackett Laboratory Imperial College LondonLondon SW72AZUK PHELIX Group GSI Helmholtzzentrum fur SchwerionenforschungD-64291 DarmstadtGermany

This paper provides an up-to-date review of the problems related to the generation,detection and mitigation of strong electromagnetic pulses created in the interaction of high-power,high-energy laser pulses with different types of solid *** includes new experimental data obtained independently at several international *** mechanisms of electromagnetic field generation are analyzed and considered as a function of the intensity and the spectral range of emissions they *** major emphasis is put on the GHz frequency domain,which is the most damaging for electronics and may have important *** physics of electromagnetic emissions in other spectral domains,in particular THz and MHz,is also *** theoretical models and numerical simulations are compared with the results of experimental measurements,with special attention to the methodology of measurements and complementary *** the underlying physical processes is the basis for developing techniques to mitigate the electromagnetic threat and to harness electromagnetic emissions,which may have promising applications.

关键词： electromagnetic pulses high-power lasers diagnostics mitigation techniques

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Development of vacuum ultraviolet spectroscopy for measuring edge impurity emission in the EAST tokamak

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Plasma Science and Technology 2020年第8期22卷 8-13页

作者： Hongming ZHANG Bo LYU Liang HE Yongcai SHEN Jun CHEN Jia FU Bin BIN Xunyu WANG Fudi WANG Yingying LI Ling ZHANG Bing LIU Institute of Plasma Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230031People's Republic of China School of Nuclear Science and Technology University of South ChinaHengyang 421001People's Republic of China School of Physics and Electrical Engineering Anqing Normal UniversityAnqing 246011People's Republic of China Department of Engineering and Applied Physics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026People's Republic of China Institute of Fusion Science School of Physical Science and TechnologySouthwestern Jiaotong UniversityChengdu 610031People's Republic of China

The dominant wavelength range of edge impurity emissions moves from the visible range to the vacuum ultraviolet(VUV)range,as heating power increasing in the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak(EAST).The measurement provided by the existing visible spectroscopies in EAST is not sufficient for impurity transport studies for high-parameters ***,in this study,a VUV spectroscopy is newly developed to measure edge impurity emissions in *** Seya-Namioka VUV spectrometer(McPherson 234/302)is used in the system,equipped with a concave-corrected holographic grating with groove density of 600 grooves *** line emissions can be observed in the wavelength range ofλ=50-700 nm,covering VUV,near ultraviolet and visible *** observed vertical range is Z=-350-350 *** minimum sampling time can be set to 5 ms under full vertical binning(FVB)*** spectroscopy has been used to measure the edge impurity emission for the 2019 EAST experimental *** spectra are identified for several impurity species,i.e.,lithium(Li),carbon(C),oxygen(O),and iron(Fe).Several candidates for tungsten(W)lines are also measured but their clear identification is very difficult due to a strong overlap with Fe *** evolutions of impurity carbon emissions of CⅡat 134.5 nm and CⅢat 97.7 nm are analyzed to prove the system capability of time-resolved *** measurements of the VUV spectroscopy are very helpful for edge impurity transport study in the high-parameters plasma in EAST.

关键词： EAST tokamak impurity tungsten vacuum ultraviolet spectroscopy edge impurity emission plasma diagnostics

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Continuous Emission Spectrum Measurement for Electron Temperature Determination in Low-Temperature Collisional Plasmas

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Plasma Science and Technology 2011年第4期13卷 451-457页

作者：刘秋艳李弘陈志鹏谢锦林刘万东 CAS Key Laboratory of Basic Plasma Physics Department of Modern PhysicsUniversity of Science and Technology of China

Continuous emission spectrum measurement is applied for the inconvenient diagnos- tics of low-temperature collisional plasmas. According to the physical mechanism of continuous emission, a simplified model is presented to analyze the spectrum in low temperature plasma. The validity of this model is discussed in a wide range of discharge parameters, including electron tem- perature and ionization degree. Through the simplified model, the continuous emission spectrum in a collisional argon internal inductively coupled plasma is experimentally measured to determine the electron temperature distribution for different gas pressures and radio-frequency powers. The inverse Abel transform is also applied for a better spatially resoluted results. Meanwhile, the result of the continuous emission spectrum measurement is compared to that of the electrostatic double probes, which indicates the effectiveness of this method.

关键词： continuous emission spectrum diagnostics low-temperature plasma colli- sional plasma

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