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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第18期30卷 2387-2390页

作者： Aleksandra Boldys Lukasz Buldak Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology School of Medicine in KatowiceMedical University of SilesiaKatowice 40-752Poland

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD),once known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD),represents a spectrum of liver disorders characterized by lipid accumulation within hepatocytes.The redefinition of NAFLD in 2023 marked a significant reposition in terminology,emphasizing a broader understanding of liver steatosis and its associated risks.MASLD is now recognized as a major risk factor for liver cirrhosis,hepatocellular carcinoma,and systemic complications such as cardiovascular diseases or systemic inflammation.Diagnostic challenges arise,particularly in identifying MASLD in lean individuals,necessitating updated diagnostic protocols and investing in non-invasive diagnostic tools.Therapeutically,there is an urgent need for effective treatments targeting MASLD,with emerging pharmacological options focusing on,among others,carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.Additionally,understanding the roles of bile acid metabolism,the microbiome,and dietary interventions in MASLD pathogenesis and management holds promise for innovative therapeutic approaches.There is a strong need to emphasize the importance of collaborative efforts in understanding,diagnosing,and managing MASLD to improve physicians’approaches and patient outcomes.

关键词： Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease Diagnostics Pathophysiology of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease Therapy of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease Therapeutic innovations

Emerging chemical engineering of exosomes as“bioscaffolds”in Diagnostics and therapeutics

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Genes & Diseases 2023年第4期10卷 1494-1512页

作者： Jianwei Wang Meijiao Wang Ning Jiang Shijia Ding Qiling Peng Lei Zheng School of Basic Medical Science Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016China Molecular Medicine Diagnostic and Testing Center Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016China Department of Pathology Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016China College of Laboratory Medicine Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016China Department of Laboratory Medicine Nanfang HospitalSouthern Medical University/The First School of Clinical MedicineSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong 510515China

All cells release extracellular vesicles(EVs)as part of their normal physiology.As one of the subtypes,exosomes(EXOs)have an average size range of approximately 40 nm e160 nm in diameter.Benefiting from their inherent immunogenicity and biocompatibility,the utility of autologous EXOs has the potential for both disease diagnosis/treatment.EXOs are generally employed as“bioscaffolds”and the whole diagnostic and therapeutic effects are mainly ascribed to exogenous cargos on the EXOs,such as proteins,nucleic acids,and chemotherapeutic agents and fluorophores delivered into specific cells or tissues.Surface en-gineering of EXOs for cargo loadings is one of the prerequisites for EXO-mediated diagnosis/treatment.After revisiting EXO-mediated diagnosis/treatment,the most popular strategies to directly undertake loadings of exogenous cargos on EXOs include genetic and chemical en-gineering.Generally,genetically-engineered EXOs can be merely produced by living organisms and intrinsically face some drawbacks.However,chemical methodologies for engineered EXOs diversify cargos and extend the functions of EXOs in the diagnosis/treatment.In this review,we would like to elucidate different chemical advances on the molecular level of EXOs along with the critical design required for diagnosis/treatment.Besides,the prospects of chemical engineering on the EXOs were critically addressed.Nevertheless,the superiority of EXO-medi-ated diagnosis/treatment via chemical engineering remains a challenge in clinical translation and trials.Furthermore,more chemical crosslinking on the EXOs is expected to be explored.Despite substantial claims in the literature,there is currently no review to exclusively summa-rize the chemical engineering to EXOs for diagnosis/treatment.We envision chemical engi-neering of EXOs will encourage more scientists to explore more novel technologies for a wider range of biomedical applications and accelerate the successful translation of EXO-based drug“bioscaffolds”from bench to bedside.

关键词： Chemical engineering Diagnostics Exosomes Extracellular vesicles Theranostics Therapeutics

A color-based FHGC approach facilities DNA-based clinical molecular Diagnostics

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Genes & Diseases 2023年第4期10卷 1197-1199页

作者： Ruyi Zhang Dongyang Deng Min Ren Jiangyan He Fang Chen Shujuan Yan Obstetrics Department First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese MedicineGuiyangGuizhou 550001China Center for Eugenics Research First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese MedicineGuiyangGuizhou 550001China Department of Clinical Laboratory First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese MedicineGuiyangGuizhou 550001China Department of Prenatal Diagnostic Center Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical CentreGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong 511436China Department of Prenatal Diagnosis Center Guizhou Provincial People’s HospitalThe Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou UniversityGuiyangGuizhou 550002China

The flow-through hybridization and gene chip(FHGC)was developed to used in clinical molecular Diagnostics for thalassemia,human papillomavirus(HPV),and other dis-eases.FHGC could improve hybridization efficiency and reduce hands-on time,thus improving precision,repro-ducibility,and traceability.Multiple genotypes can be detected simultaneously without incurring high costs.^(1)During the experiment,the polymerase chain reaction(PCR)product or buffer forced through the membrane matrix,PCR products are apprehended by a probe attached to the membrane.

关键词： clinical attached Diagnostics

A portable X-pinch design for x-ray Diagnostics of warm dense matter

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2022年第1期7卷 53-63页

作者： J.Strucka J.W.D.Halliday T.Gheorghiu H.Horton B.Krawczyk P.Moloney S.Parker G.Rowland N.Schwartz S.Stanislaus S.Theocharous C.Wilson Z.Zhao T.A.Shelkovenko S.A.Pikuz S.N.Bland Plasma Physics Group Imperial College LondonLondon SW72BWUnited Kingdom University of Cambridge CambridgeUnited Kingdom Department of Nuclear Plasmaand Radiological EngineeringUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaIllinois 61801USA Lebedev Physical Institute Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow 119991Russia

We describe the design and x-ray emission properties(temporal,spatial,and spectral)of Dry Pinch I,a portable X-pinch driver developed at Imperial College London.Dry Pinch I is a direct capacitor discharge device,30033003700 mm3 in size and∼50 kg in mass,that can be used as an external driver for x-ray Diagnostics in high-energy-density physics experiments.Among key findings,the device is shown to reliably produce 1.1±0.3 ns long x-ray bursts that couple∼50 mJ of energy into photon energies from 1 to 10 keV.The average shot-to-shot jitter of these bursts is found to be 10±4.6 ns using a combination of x-ray and current Diagnostics.The spatial extent of the x-ray hot spot from which the radiation emanates agrees with previously published results for X-pinches-suggesting a spot size of 10±6μm in the soft energy region(1–10 keV)and 190±100μm in the hard energy region(>10 keV).These characteristics mean that Dry Pinch I is ideally suited for use as a probe in experiments driven in the laboratory or at external facilities when more conventional sources of probing radiation are not available.At the same time,this is also the first detailed investigation of an X-pinch operating reliably at current rise rates of less than 1 kA/ns.

关键词： energy Diagnostics pinch

A Chaotic Oppositional Whale Optimisation Algorithm with Firefly Search for Medical Diagnostics

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第7期72卷 959-982页

作者： Milan Tair Nebojsa Bacanin Miodrag Zivkovic K.Venkatachalam Singidunum University 32 Danijelova Str.11010BelgradeSerbia Department of Applied Cybernetics Faculty of ScienceUniversity of Hradec Králové50003Hradec KrálovéCzech Republic

There is a growing interest in the study development of artificial intelligence and machine learning,especially regarding the support vector machine pattern classification method.This study proposes an enhanced implementation of the well-known whale optimisation algorithm,which combines chaotic and opposition-based learning strategies,which is adopted for hyper-parameter optimisation and feature selection machine learning challenges.The whale optimisation algorithm is a relatively recent addition to the group of swarm intelligence algorithms commonly used for optimisation.The Proposed improved whale optimisation algorithm was first tested for standard unconstrained CEC2017 benchmark suite and it was later adapted for simultaneous feature selection and support vector machine hyper-parameter tuning and validated for medical Diagnostics by using breast cancer,diabetes,and erythemato-squamous dataset.The performance of the proposed model is compared with multiple competitive support vector machine models boosted with other metaheuristics,including another improved whale optimisation approach,particle swarm optimisation algorithm,bacterial foraging optimisation algorithms,and genetic algorithms.Results of the simulation show that the proposed model outperforms other competitors concerning the performance of classification and the selected subset feature size.

关键词： Whale optimisation algorithm chaotic initialisation oppositionbased learning optimisation Diagnostics

Understanding Behavioral Manifestations of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in People with Intellectual Disabilities—A Qualitative Study

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Open Journal of Psychiatry 2024年第2期14卷 67-90页

作者： Lena Grüter Matthias Grünke Department of Rehabilitation and Special Education University of Cologne Cologne Germany

Background: There is limited knowledge about obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in people with intellectual disabilities (IDs). This paper describes the manifestation of compulsive behaviors associated with OCD at the behavioral level in people with ID in institutionalized settings. The aim was to gain nuanced insight into appropriate understanding and classification in this specific context, and derive implications for research and practice. Methods: Individual cases of people with ID (n = 7) were studied to assess compulsive symptoms through two days of on-site observation of the person with ID within the institution, guided group discussions (n = 28), and semi-structured interviews with key informants and caregivers of the person with ID (n = 20). Caregiver ratings of the compulsive behavior checklist were compiled. Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Results: All forms of OCD were present. Characteristics of compulsive behaviors in people with ID at the behavioral level included less complex and more obvious compulsive acts, immediate responses, signs of tension, motor restlessness, facial expression changes, repetition, need for predictability, time-consuming behaviors, and aggressive reactions when these acts were interrupted. Some of the compulsive behaviors corresponded to the ICD-11 OCD code 6B20, and others to compulsions as a psychological symptom (MB23.4). Conclusions: OCD may manifest atypically at the behavioral level in people with ID, posing significant challenges for accurate classification due to symptom ambiguity. Follow-up differential diagnostic studies are needed to more accurately identify and differentiate OCD symptoms in people with ID. Further, disorder-specific guidelines for recognizing OCD in people with ID are needed for institutionalized settings without psychiatric-psychotherapeutic expertise.

关键词： People with Intellectual Disabilities Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Compulsive Behavior Diagnostics Differential Diagnosis

A Self-Powered Breath Analyzer Based on PANI/PVDF Piezo-Gas-Sensing Arrays for Potential Diagnostics Application

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Nano-Micro Letters 2018年第4期10卷 354-365页

作者： Yongming Fu Haoxuan He Tianming Zhao Yitong Dai Wuxiao Han Jie Ma Lili Xing Yan Zhang Xinyu Xue School of Physics University of Electronic Science and Technology of China College of Physics and Electronics Engineering Shanxi University College of Sciences Northeastern University

The increasing morbidity of internal diseases poses serious threats to human health and quality of life.Exhaled breath analysis is a noninvasive and convenient diagnostic method to improve the cure rate of patients. In this study, a self-powered breath analyzer based on polyaniline/polyvinylidene fluoride(PANI/PVDF) piezogas-sensing arrays has been developed for potential detection of several internal diseases. The device works by converting exhaled breath energy into piezoelectric gassensing signals without any external power sources. The five sensing units in the device have different sensitivities to various gas markers with concentrations ranging from 0 to 600 ppm. The working principle can be attributed to the coupling of the in-pipe gas-flow-induced piezoelectric effect of PVDF and gas-sensing properties of PANI electrodes. In addition, the device demonstrates its use as an ethanol analyzer to roughly mimic fatty liver diagnosis.This new approach can be applied to fabricating new exhaled breath analyzers and promoting the development of self-powered systems.

关键词： Polyaniline Polyvinylidene fluoride Piezoelectric Sensor array Diagnostics Breath analyzer

Antibodies in celiac disease:implications beyond Diagnostics

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2011年第2期8卷 103-109页

作者： Sergio Caja Markku Maki Katri Kaukinen Katri Lindfors Pediatric Research Centre University of Tampere and Tampere University HospitalTampereFinland Medical School University of Tampere and Department of Gastroenterology and Alimentary Tract SurgeryTampere University HospitalTampereFinland

Celiac disease is a multisystemic dietary,gluten-induced autoimmune disorder characterized by the presence of transglutaminase(TG)2 serum autoantibodies.Distinct autoantibodies targeting members of the TG family(TG2,TG3 and TG6)are found deposited in small-bowel mucosa and in extraintestinal tissues affected by the disease.Serum autoantibodies against other self-antigens also emerge in untreated celiac disease patients.Although villous atrophy and crypt hyperplasia in small-bowel biopsy samples are still the gold standards in Diagnostics,celiac disease-specific antibodies are widely used as diagnostic aids.Gluten-induced small-bowel mucosal T-cell response is the cornerstone in the pathogenesis of the disorder,but humoral immunity may also play a central role.This review article is focused on the autoantibodies that occur in the context of celiac disease.The article summarizes the diagnostic utility of different celiac-related antibodies and discusses their roles in the pathogenesis of the disease.

关键词： antibody celiacdisease Diagnostics pathogenesis

The application of proton spectrometers at the SG-III facility for ICF implosion areal density Diagnostics

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2015年第4期3卷 10-18页

作者： Xing Zhang Jianhua Zheng Ji Yan Zhenghua Yang Ming Su Yudong Pu Pin Yang Xufei Xie Li Chen Ming Chen Tianxuan Huang Shao'en Jiang Shenye Liu Jiamin Yang Laser Fusion Research Center Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics

Charged particle Diagnostics is one of the required techniques for implosion areal density Diagnostics at the SG-III facility.Several proton spectrometers are under development, and some preliminary areal density Diagnostics have been carried out. The response of the key detector, CR39, to charged particles was investigated in detail. A new track profile simulation code based on a semi-empirical model was developed. The energy response of the CR39 detector was calibrated with the accelerator protons and alphas from a241 Am source. A proton spectrometer based on the filtered CR39 detector was developed, and D–D primary proton measurements were implemented. A step range filter spectrometer was developed,and preliminary areal density Diagnostics was carried out. A wedged range filter spectrometer array made of Si with a higher resolution was designed and developed at the SG-III facility. A particle response simulation code by the Monte Carlo method and a spectra unfolding code were developed. The capability was evaluated in detail by simulations.

关键词： areal density Diagnostics CR39 detector SRF proton spectrometer WRF proton spectrometer

Review of current diagnostic methods and advances in Helicobacter pylori Diagnostics in the era of next generation sequencing

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第32期25卷 4629-4660页

作者： Daniel Pohl Peter M Keller Valentine Bordier Karoline Wagner Division of Gastroenterology University Hospital of ZurichZurich 8006Switzerland Institute for Infectious Diseases University of BernBern 3010Switzerland Institute of Medical Microbiology University of ZurichZurich 8006Switzerland

Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infection is highly prevalent in the human population and may lead to severe gastrointestinal pathology including gastric and duodenal ulcers,mucosa associated tissue lymphoma and gastric adenocarcinoma.In recent years,an alarming increase in antimicrobial resistance and subsequently failing empiric H.pylori eradication therapies have been noted worldwide,also in many European countries.Therefore,rapid and accurate determination of H.pylori’s antibiotic susceptibility prior to the administration of eradication regimens becomes ever more important.Traditionally,detection of H.pylori and its antimicrobial resistance is done by culture and phenotypic drug susceptibility testing that are cumbersome with a long turn-around-time.Recent advances in Diagnostics provide new tools,like real-time polymerase chain reaction(PCR)and line probe assays,to diagnose H.pylori infection and antimicrobial resistance to certain antibiotics,directly from clinical specimens.Moreover,high-throughput whole genome sequencing technologies allow the rapid analysis of the pathogen’s genome,thereby allowing identification of resistance mutations and associated antibiotic resistance.In the first part of this review,we will give an overview on currently available diagnostic methods for detection of H.pylori and its drug resistance and their implementation in H.pylori management.The second part of the review focusses on the use of next generation sequencing technology in H.pylori research.To this end,we conducted a literature search for original research articles in English using the terms“Helicobacter”,“transcriptomic”,“transcriptome”,“next generation sequencing”and“whole genome sequencing”.This review is aimed to bridge the gap between current diagnostic practice(histology,rapid urease test,H.pylori culture,PCR and line probe assays)and new sequencing technologies and their potential implementation in diagnostic laboratory settings in order to complement the currently recommended H.pylori management guidelines and s

关键词： Helicobacter pylori Advances in Diagnostics Next generation sequencing Whole genome sequencing Clinical management