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Hepatocellular Carcinoma:Diagnosis, Treatment Algorithms, and Imaging Appearance after Transarterial Chemoembolization

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2018年第2期6卷 175-188页

作者： Patrick Vande Lune Ahmed K.Abdel Aal Sergio Klimkowski Jessica G.Zarzour Andrew J.Gunn University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine BirminghamALUSA Division of Vascular and Interventional radiology Department of RadiologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA Department of radiology University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA Division of Abdominal Imaging Department of RadiologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is a common cause of cancer-related death,with incidence increasing ***,the overall prognosis for patients with HCC is poor and many patients present with advanced stages of disease that preclude curative *** and interventional radiologists play a key role in the management of patients with *** radiologists can use contrast-enhanced computed tomography(CT),magnetic resonance imaging,and ultrasound to diagnose and stage HCC,without the need for pathologic confirmation,by following established *** staged,the interventional radiologist can treat the appropriate patients with percutaneous ablation,transarterial chemoem-bolization,or ***-up imaging after these liver-directed therapies for HCC can be characterized according to various radiologic response criteria;although,enhancement-based criteria,such as European Association for the Study of the Liver and modified Response Evaluation Criter in Solid Tumors,are more reflective of treatment effect in *** imaging technologies like volumetric analysis,dual-energy CT,cone beam CT and perfusion CT may provide additional benefits for patients with HCC.

关键词： Interventional radiology Interventional oncology Hepatocellular carcinoma Response criteria Transarterial chemoembolization diagnostic radiology

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Influence of quality assurance on patients dose reduction in some hospitals

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Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology(New Series) 2007年第2期14卷 180-183页

作者： Bahman Aghahadi 张治国秦艳丽陈冠英 Pouran Sadat Tayebi Dept. of physics Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150080 China Dept. of National Radiation Protection Atomic Energy Organization of lran Tehran lran Dept. of Physics Heilongjiang University Harbin 150080China

The radiation dose received by patients undergoing chest radiography was included. 200 patients who attended these investigations in 10 hospitals in Iran were randomly selected from all ages groups and both female and male. Critically ill patients were excluded. This paper presents the work, which was implemented on 200 patients and evaluated using the entrance skin dose （ESD） in the posterior anterior （PA） chest projection measured directly at the center of the X-ray field. In addition, the machine room, and dark room .parameters, as well as work practices and repeat rates were studied. The quality control （QC） parameters and the ESD before and after QC were evaluated utilizing an anthropomorphic phantom to define the optimal exposure condition at all hospitals. This research shows that after using the QC parameters and after optimization of the exposure conditions, the ESD was decreased by 42% on average. Also the qua/ity of the radiographs generally increased. The reported method is easily implemented in any clinical situation where optimization of chest radiography is needed.

关键词： quality control quality assurance X-ray radiography diagnostic radiology entrance skin dose dose reduction

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Establishment of Local diagnostic Reference Levels in Conventional Radiography: A Pilot Study in Dakar, Senegal

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World Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology 2022年第1期12卷 28-42页

作者： Adji Yaram Diop Magatte Diagne Ndeye Arame Boye Faye Mamadou Moustapha Dieng Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar Dakar Senegal Aristide Le Dantec Hospital Joliot Curie Institute of Cancer Dakar Senegal Nuclear Radiation Protection and Safety Authority Dakar Senegal

diagnostic Reference Levels (DRLs) are indicators that allow assessing the quality of equipment and procedures from the point of view of the doses delivered to patients and subsequently initiate corrective actions if necessary. The purpose of this study is to encourage health professionals to investigate patient radiation doses and to determine whether those doses comply with the principles of radiation protection in medical fields so as to improve practices by reducing patient exposure without reducing clinical effectiveness. To perform this work, we have investigated patient doses for different radiological examinations from six (6) medical centers in Dakar, including the following nine routine types: chest (PA), abdomen (AP), pelvis (AP), cervical spine (AP), lumbar spine (AP, Lat), hip (AP), thoracic spine (AP, Lat). Three types of data were collected, i.e., X-ray tube machine data, patient data and output measurements. The data were analyzed statistically and the median, minimum, maximum, and third quartile values were calculated and displayed throughout boxplots graphs for all exams and medical centers. The two sigma range (95% confidence interval) was also checked. Comparison of third quartiles of Entrance Surface Dose (ESD) and Dose Area Product (DAP) by type of examination with recommended international DRLs was performed. The third quartile of ESD for pelvis (AP) and thoracic spine (AP) was up to 16% and 38% higher, respectively than their corresponding DRLs in the European Commission Report RP 180 Part 2. For all exams, except thoracic spine (lat), the third quartiles of the dose area product were higher than the corresponding DRLs in the above report. The source of dose variability between medical centers was related to many parameters such as poor radiographic techniques, lack of modern X-ray machines and adequately documented radiation protection practices. The results show the need to develop protocols for dose measurement as well as to carry

关键词： Entrance Surface Dose diagnostic radiology Dose Area Product Optimization X-Rays

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Preliminary Results of a Comprehensive Survey of Iranian Radiological Centers to Establish National diagnostic Reference Levels

Preliminary Results of a Comprehensive Survey of Iranian Rad...

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The Second Asian and Oceanic Congress for Radiation Protection

作者： Mohammad Taghi BAHREYNI TOOSI Mohsen ASADINEZHAD Medical Physics Dept. Faculty of Medicine Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Biochemistry ＆ Biophysics Dept. Faculty of Medicine Guilan University of Medical Sciences

Various researchers who have carried out national and international surveys have reported wide variations in patient dose arising from specific X-ray examinations. This study was carried out as a part of a comprehensive project to establish national diagnostic reference level （DRL）, for the first time, in Iran. Seven most common X-ray examinations in 11 projections were included. Thermoluminescence dosimeters （TLD-100） were used to measure Entrance Surface Doses （ESDs）. The study group was consisted of 535 patients who were referred for X-ray examinations to 12 randomly selected public hospitals in Tehran County. Minimum, median, mean, maximum, first and third quartile values of ESDs are reported. Our results are evident that mean dose values of patients undertaking a specific examination are widely different in various hospitals. The difference between maximum and minimum individual patient dose values varied up to a factor of 107. Wide dose differences may emerge from complex causes, but in general, low KVp and high mAs are associated with higher doses, although the customized habits of the radiographers may not be ignored. The results of this work together with further data expected to emerge from work in progress will provide a useful base to establish Iran’s DRLs.

关键词： National diagnostic Reference level diagnostic radiology TLD-100 Patient Dosimetry

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