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Cigarette Smoke Induces Apoptosis by Activation of Caspase-3 in Isolated Fetal Rat Lung Type II Alveolar Ep-ithelial Cells <i>in Vitro</i>

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Open Journal of Respiratory Diseases 2013年第1期3卷 4-12页

作者： Asra Ahmed James A. Thliveris Anthony Shaw Michael Sowa James Gilchrist J. Elliott Scott Departments of Oral Biology University of Manitoba and Manitoba Institute for Child Health Winnipeg Canada Human Anatomy and Cell Science University of Manitoba and Manitoba Institute for Child Health Winnipeg Canada The Biology of Breathing Group University of Manitoba and Manitoba Institute for Child Health Winnipeg Canada The National Research Council Biodiagnostics Institute University of Manitoba and Manitoba Institute for Child Health Winnipeg Canada

Smoking during pregnancy is a major source of fetal exposure to numerous harmful agents present in tobacco smoke. Lung development involves complex biochemical processes resulting in dramatic changes which continue even after birth. In addition to type I cells which form the blood-air barrier, type II alveolar epithelial (AE) cells have important and diverse functions related to immunological protection and stabilization of the alveolus through synthesis and secretion of the pulmonary surfactant. Apoptosis or programmed cells death is an important physiological process during lung embryogenesis and for the proper maintenance of homeostasis. Caspases are proteases that play important roles in regulating apoptosis. Caspase-3 is the key executioner caspase in the cascade of events leading to cell death by apoptosis. We explored the hypothesis that cigarette smoke extract (CSE) induces apoptosis in fetal rat lung type II AE cells by activation of caspase-3. To analyze these factors, isolated fetal rat lung type II AE cells were used. The cells were exposed to different concentrations of CSE (5%, 10% or 15%) (v/v) for 60 min. The results of the present study showed that CSE induced apoptosis in fetal rat lung type II AE cells with a significant increase (p 0.05) in caspase-3 activity and decrease in cell proliferation at CSE concentrations of 10% and 15% (v/v). These observations indicate that cigarette smoke extract induces apoptosis by activation of caspase-3 in fetal rat lung type II AE cells in a dose-dependent manner and may potentially alter the regulated development of the lung and the appearance of the surfactant-producing type II alveolar cells which are critical for the establishment of adequate gas exchange at birth.

关键词： Cigarette Smoke Toxicity Fetal Rat Lung Type II Alveolar Cells Apoptosis Protease Caspase-3 Lung Development developmental Toxicity Maternal Smoking

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Xeroderma Pigmentosum with Desquamative Gingivitis a Rare Case Report and Detailed Review of Literature

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Journal of Cosmetics, Dermatological Sciences and Applications 2011年第4期1卷 164-170页

作者： Shamimul Hasan Mohammad Abbas Khan 不详

In xeroderma pigmentosum, a rare genodermatosis, transmitted as an autosomal recessive disorder, excessive solar damage to the skin develops at an early age. The disease is characterized by cutaneous, ocular, neurological and oral changes. Oral features in the form of early development of Squamous cell carcinoma, usually at the lower lip and tip of the tongue may be seen. The disorder is associated more commonly in populations where marriage of close blood relatives is common. Treatment of the disorder includes avoidance of Ultra violet radiation, topical application of 5 fluorouracil to treat actinic keratoses, and regular evaluation by an optholmologist, dermatologist, and neurologist. Genetic counseling is an important aspect as an increased incidence of consanguineous marriages have been reported with this disorder. Here, we report an interesting case of xeroderma pigmentosum in an 18 year old male patient who presented with characterstic desquamation of gingiva, fissured tongue and geoghraphic tongue.

关键词： Oral Genodermatosis Xeroderma Pigmentosum Desquamative Gingivitis developmental Tongue Lesions

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F0 Prenatal/Lactation Diets Varying in Saturated Fat and Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Alters the Insulin Sensitivity of F1 Rats Fed a High Fat Western Diet Post-weaning

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Open Journal of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases 2014年第12期4卷 245-252页

作者： Daniel C. Benyshek Julie J. Kachinski Hongbin Jin Metabolism Anthropometry and Nutrition Laboratory University of Nevada Las Vegas Las Vegas USA Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics University of Nevada Las Vegas Las Vegas USA

Previous research has shown that prenatal diets rich in specific nutrients (e.g. taurine, omega-3 fatty acids) may provide protective cardiometabolic effects for adult offspring. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the potential of a prenatal-lactation diet rich in omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3 LC PUFAs) to improve metabolic function in offspring fed a high saturated fat “Western” diet postweaning. We compared growth and metabolic biomarkers of three groups of Sprague Dawley rat offspring all weaned to a high saturated fat “Western” (Western) diet, but whose mothers were fed one of three different diets during pregnancy-lactation: 1) omega-3 “PUFA”-rich (PUFA/Western);2) control (Control/Western);and 3) high saturated fat “Western” (Western/Western). PUFA/Western offspring had significantly lower fasting insulin (P < 0.01) and HOMA-IR (P < 0.01), and lower mean plasma triglycerides than Western/ Western animals. Additionally, mean HOMA-IR, fasting plasma insulin, and triglycerides were 19%, 10% and 14% lower, respectively, than those of Control/Western animals, although these differences were not statistically significant. Western/Western adult offspring had the highest fasting plasma insulin, triglycerides, and insulin-resistance (HOMA-IR) of the three groups. Our results indicated that a maternal omega-3 PUFA-rich diet during pregnancy-lactation may provide modest protective metabolic effects for adult offspring, even when consuming a high energy and saturated fat diet.

关键词： developmental Origins LC-PUFAs Insulin Resistance Animal Modelling

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Biology of Planococcus citri (Risso) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on Five Yam Varieties in Storage

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Advances in Entomology 2014年第4期2卷 167-175页

作者： Emmanuel Asiedu Jakpasu Victor Kofi Afun Charles Kwoseh Department of Crop and Soil Sciences College of Agriculture and Natural Resources Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana

Yam is an important staple cash crop, which constitutes 53% of total root and tuber consumption in West Africa. It is a cheap source of carbohydrate in the diets of millions of people worldwide and in tropical West Africa. However, attack by Planococcus citri results in shriveling of the tubers, making them become light and unpalatable. They also lose their market value. The total number of eggs laid, incubation period, developmental period and adult longevity of P. citri on stored yam Disocorea species were studied on five yam varieties namely Dioscorea rotundata var. Pona, Dioscorea rotundata var. Labreko, Dioscorea rotundata var. Muchumudu, Disocorea alata var. Matches and Dioscorea rotundata var. Dente in the laboratory with ambient temperatures of 26.0°C - 30.0°C and relative humidity of 70.0% - 75.0%. The mean life spans of the female insect that is from hatch to death on Dioscorea rotundata var. Pona, Dioscorea rotundata var. Labreko, Dioscorea rotundata var. Muchumudu, Disocorea alata var. Matches and Dioscorea rotundata var. Dente were 62.4, 63.5, 66.8, 67.3 and 69.8 days, respectively and those of the male were 23.8, 25.3, 29.6, 30.2 and 33.5 days, respectively. The adult female lived longer than the adult male. The findings showed that citrus mealybug preferred Dioscorea rotundata var. Pona to the rest of the varieties, as it developed faster and laid more eggs (497.0 eggs) on it than on the other varieties. This implies that citrus mealybug multiplies faster and destroys Dioscorea rotundata var. Pona tubers in storage faster than on the other varieties. Therefore, Dioscorea rotundata var. Dente should be the preferred yam for long-term storage.

关键词： Planococcous citri Dioscoreaceae Dioscorea rotundata Dioscorea alata developmental Period

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Augev Method and an Innovative Use of Vocal Spectroscopy in Evaluating and Monitoring the Rehabilitation Path of Subjects Showing Severe Communication Pathologies

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International Journal of Clinical Medicine 2019年第2期10卷 27-52页

作者： Antonia Campanella Fabio Manca Claudia Marin Vittoria Bosna Ignazio Salonna Maria Galatola Elita Anna Sabella Centri La comunicazione s.r.l.u. Bari Italy Educational Sciences Psychology Communication University of Bari Aldo Moro Bari Italy School of Medicine: Basic Medical Sciences Neuroscience and Sense Organs University of Bari Aldo Moro Bari Italy

A strongly connotative element of developmental disorders (DS) is the total or partial impairment of verbal communication and, more generally, of social interaction. The method of Vocal-verb self-management (Augev) is a systemic organicistic method able to intervene in problems regarding verbal, spoken and written language development successfully. This study intends to demonstrate that it is possible to objectify these progresses through a spectrographic examination of vocal signals, which detects voice phonetic-acoustic parameters. This survey allows an objective evaluation of how effective an educational-rehabilitation intervention is. This study was performed on a population of 40 subjects (34 males and 6 females) diagnosed with developmental disorders (DS), specifically with a diagnosis of the autism spectrum disorders according to the DSM-5. The 40 subjects were treated in “la Comunicazione” centers, whose headquarters are near Bari, Brindisi and Rome. The results demonstrate a statistical significance in a correlation among the observed variables: supervisory status, attention, general dynamic coordination, understanding and execution of orders, performing simple unshielded rhythmic beats, word rhythm, oral praxies, phono-articulatory praxies, pronunciation of vowels, execution of graphemes, visual perception, acoustic perception, proprioceptive sensitivity, selective attention, short-term memory, segmental coordination, performance of simple rhythmic beatings, word rhythm, voice setting, intonation of sounds within a fifth, vowel pronunciation, consonant pronunciation, graphematic decoding, syllabic decoding, pronunciation of caudate syllables, coding of final syllable consonant, lexical decoding, phoneme-grapheme conversion, homographic grapheme decoding, homogeneous grapheme decoding, graphic stroke.

关键词： Re-Educational Method Learning Difficulties developmental Disorders Vocal Spectroscopy

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An Analysis of Ophelia in Hamlet from the Perspective of Feminist Care Ethic

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海外英语 2015年第22期 207-208页

作者：张洁河北师范大学外国语学院

Through the ages, Ophelia in Hamlet has long been regarded as a childish maid. This thesis will give an analysis of Ophelia's growth from the perspective of feminist care ethic developmental stages theory, trying to illustrate that in the play Ophelia has experienced ethical development and has arrived at ethical maturity in the end.

关键词： Hamlet Ophelia feminist care ethic developmental stages

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Clinical pharmacological studies in children: From exploratory towards confirmation driven methodology

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World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics 2012年第2期1卷 3-7页

作者： Karel Allegaert Division of Woman and Child Neonatal Intensive Care Unit University Hospital 3000 Leuven Belgium

Just like children are not small adults, pediatric studies are not just subgroup-adult studies. Clinical pharmacology aims to predict these effects based on drug, population and/or patient-specific pharmacokinetics(concentration-time profiles) and-dynamics(concentration-effect profile). The most essential characteristics of childhood are growth and maturation. Both phenomena are most prominent during infancy making the claim that "an infant is not just a small child" as relevant compared to the paradigm that "a child is not just a small adult". From a clinical pharmacology perspective, the consequence of such a dynamic setting is extensive variability throughout childhood in both the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Trial design probably has impact on recruitment to an even greater extent compared to adult studies. In general, if a study is designed well, with a clear clinical question with which parents and children can identify, they are likely to consider participation. Open communication with all stakeholders involved will most likely result in ethically correct, practically feasible, scientifically sound, and economical reasonable studies to provide children with the appropriate treatment. From an academic perspective, feasibility, relevance, applicability and costs of clinical pharmacological studies in children can be signifi cantly improved by new sampling concepts(e.g., saliva, urine, dried spot blood) and the systematic introduction of already known information into the trial design through model based pediatric drug development, that mainly affect feasibility of pharmacokinetic studies. In contrast, for the pharmacodynamic part of pediatric studies, development and validation of population specifi c biomarkers or robust outcome variables is urgently needed.

关键词： Infant Child developmental pharmacology Trial design Pharmacokinetics Pharmacodynamics

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Current Status and Measures for S&T Institutional Reform

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Bulletin of the Chinese Academy of Sciences 2000年第2期14卷 112-116页

作者： Wang Yumin(The Chinese Academy of Sciences)

This article explains the significance, targets and content of the ongoing S&T institutional reform drive. In addition, it analyzes the drive’s current developmental stance, and explores some measures for furtherance... 详细信息

关键词： stance developmental institutional technological restructuring deployment encouraged educational facilities planned

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EFFECT OF ACTINOMYCIN D AND CYCLOHEXIMIDE ON THE FORMATION OF PEROXIDASE DURING EMBRYOGENESIS AND GERMINATION OF RICE(ORYZA SATIVA L.)

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1980年第11期25卷 956-959页

作者：朱治平汪曼丽沈瑞娟唐锡华 Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology Academia Sinica Department of Biology Hangzhou University

Various plants have their characters developed successively in different developmental stages. From the view of point of molecular biology, the course of plant development is also a time course of selective expression of genes and its regulation. Therefore, in order to control and to reform plant characters, we have to understand the mechanism of regulation of the expression of developmental informations.

关键词： developmental successively characters germination embryo immature elongation lyase lived translated

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Bilateral double teeth—A case report

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Open Journal of Stomatology 2012年第4期2卷 366-368页

作者： Sandip Kulkarni S. M. Meghana Monica Yadav Department of Oral Pathology Terna Dental College Mumbai India

developmental anomalies can occur as a result of conjoining or twinning defects. These include fusion, gemination and concrescence. Such anomalies occur more often in the deciduous than in the permanent dentition and only a few cases involving molar and premolar teeth have been reported in the literature. Cases of bilateral double teeth are less frequent than unilateral and prevalence seems to be higher in the anterior region. The present article is a rare case report of simultaneous occurrence of double teeth in permanent dentition involving the mandibular premolar-molar teeth in a 45-year-old male patient. Clinical observation along with radiographic examination was used to arrive at a diagnosis.

关键词： developmental Anomaly Fusion Gemination Endodontic Treatment

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