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中国摄影家 2012年第3期 46-53页

作者：大卫·发瑞斯李嫣

关于艺术家大卫12岁开始跟父亲学摄影,他说:"我们在地下室有个暗房,他教给我基本的黑白技术,并培养我在第九个年头赢得了一项报纸的比赛。"他开始磨炼自己的眼力,"我仔细阅读父亲收藏的摄影书籍,试着理解为什么一些并不美的图片是好的,... 详细信息

关于艺术家大卫12岁开始跟父亲学摄影,他说:"我们在地下室有个暗房,他教给我基本的黑白技术,并培养我在第九个年头赢得了一项报纸的比赛。"他开始磨炼自己的眼力,"我仔细阅读父亲收藏的摄影书籍,试着理解为什么一些并不美的图片是好的,在那个年龄能坐得住还是

关键词：摄影书籍 detritus

Importance of kelp-derived organic carbon to the scallop Chlamys farreri in an integrated multi-trophic aquaculture system

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Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2016年第2期34卷 322-329页

作者：许强高菲杨红生 Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences

Bivalves and seaweeds are important cleaners that are widely used in integrated multi-trophic aquaculture （IMTA） systems. A beneficial relationship between seaweed and bivalve in the seaweed- based IMTA system has been confirmed, but the trophic importance of seaweed-derived particulate organic materials to the co-cultured bivalve is still unclear. We evaluated the trophic importance of the kelp Saccharinajaponica to the co-cultured scallop Chlamysfarreri in a typical IMTA farm in Sungo Bay （Weihai, North China）. The dynamics of detritus carbon in the water were monitored during the culturing period. The proportion of kelp-derived organic matter in the diet of the co-cultured scallop was assessed via the stable carbon isotope method. Results showed that the detritus carbon in the water ranged from 75.52 to 265.19 ~tg/L, which was 25.6% to 73.8% of total particulate organic carbon （TPOC） during the study period. The amount of detritus carbon and its proportion in the TPOC changed throughout the culture cycle of the kelp. Stable carbon isotope analysis showed that the cultured scallop obtained 14.1% to 42.8% of its tissue carbon from the kelp, and that the percentages were closely correlated with the proportion of detritus carbon in the water （F=0.993, P=0.003）. Evaluation showed that for 17 000 tons （wet weight） of annual scallop production, the kelp contributed about 139.3 tons of carbon （535.8 tons of dry mass）. This confirms that cultured kelp plays a similar trophic role in IMTA systems as it does in a natural kelp bed. It is a major contributor to the detritus pool and supplies a vital food source to filter-feeding scallops in the IMTA system, especially during winter and early spring when phytoplankton are scarce.

关键词： integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) kelp bivalve detritus food source stable carbonisotope

Carboniferous Mixed Terrigenous Clastic, Carbonate and Sulphate Sediments in the Bachu Area, Xinjiang

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 1999年第3期73卷 341-347页

作者： XIAO Chuantao PAN Yuntang Jianghan Petroleum Institute Jingzhou Hubei 434102 Graduate School Academia Sinica Beijing 100039

The Carboniferous system in the Xiaohaizi area, Bachu County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, composed of typical mixed terrigenous clastic, carbonate and sulphate sediments, was mainly deposited in the tidal flat and lagoon environments. The mixed sediments occur as the following eleven types: 1. limestone intercalated with siltstone; 2. interbeds of shale and limestone; 3. gypsolyte interbedded with limestone; 4. gypsolyte intercalated with siltstone; 5. gypsolyte interbedded with shale; 6. gypsolyte intercalated with siltstone, limestone and dolomite; 7. siltstone interbedded with gypsolyte and limestone; 8. terrigenous detritus scattered in carbonate matrix; 9. carbonate as cement in clastic rocks; 10. mixed sediments of carbonate and terrigenous mud; 11. mixed sediments of carbonate grains with terrigenous sand. Based on the analysis of the dynamic mechanism of mixed sediments, it is believed that these types of mixed sediments in the study area were controlled by climate, sea level change and sources of sediments.

关键词： terrigenous detritus carbonate sulphate (gypsolyte) mixed sediments Carboniferous strata Xinjiang.

Stratification of selected hydrolytic enzyme activities in the sediment in two lakes in Finland

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2012年第2期27卷 250-258页

作者： Mika A.KHKNEN Risto HAKULINEN Department of Food and Environmental Sciences Division of MicrobiologyPOB 56Viikki BiocenterHelsinki UniversityFIN 00014Finland

To investigate the stratification of hydrolytic enzyme activities and importance of subsurface layers in depolymerization of detritus biopolymers,nine hydrolytic enzyme activities involved in the cycling of carbon,phosphorus,nitrogen and sulphur were measured in various sediment layers and their extracts at Kylaniemi in Lake Saimaa in southern Finland and in Lake Ahvenjarvi in northern Finland. The results show that for each lake all nine hydrolytic enzyme activities were higher in all sediment layers than in comparable sediment extracts indicating that the major part of enzymes was bound to the sediment particles in all layers in both ***,P-cellobiosidase,activities did not show any gradient with sediment depth at Kylaniemi in Lake Saimaa indicating that there was rapid turnover of carbohydrates in the entire sediment *** activities of acetate esterase,butyrate esterase,phosphomonoesterase,aminopeptidase,N-acetyl glucosaminidase,sulphatase andβ-glucosidase in the deepest layers were 19-53%of those in the surface sediment indicating that depolymerization of biopolymers involved in the cycling of carbon,nitrogen,phosphorus and sulphur was substantial in subsurface sediment.

关键词： detritus Hydrolytic enzyme activities Lake sediment

Heinrich layer in Antarctic marine sediments and its significance to global changes

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1998年第21期43卷 1830-1834页

作者： Hongrning Hou Youlang Luo Honghan Zheng Baogui Wang Xianzan Tang Chinese Acad Sci S China Sea Inst Oceanol Guangzhou 510301 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Guangzhou Inst Geochem Guangzhou 510640 Peoples R China

Results of grain size analysis and rock magnetic measurements of core NP95-1 from Prydz Bay, Antarctica revealed two series of ice-rafted detritus layers, which correspond to cold climatic events, Younger Dryas and Heinrich event 1, occurring at about 11.7-10.3 and 14.3-13.6 kaB.P. respectively. Studies also show that the sequence of paleoclimatic changes in Antarctica can be correlated with that in other parts of the world, and that the millennial climate of the earth could change synchronously and globally. In addition, magnetic fabric analysis also shows a close relationship between paleoclimatic change and ocean circulation re-assemblage.

关键词： Antarctica Heinrich layer global change ice-rafted detritus marine sediments

Micronutrient input into a mangrove ecosystem in Jobos Bay,Puerto Rico,by the exotic green iguana Iguana iguana

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Current Zoology 2009年第6期55卷 435-438页

作者： Lindsey Noele SWIERK Tracy LANGKILDE Department of Biology The Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity Park

Biological invasions are an important and growing component of global environmental change （Vitousek et al., 1996）. Hundreds of billions of dollars are lost each year to invasive species damage and management （Pimentel et al., 2001）. Scientists have responded by conducting research to understand the biology of the invasive species itself, in the hope that such information will allow effective control, and examining the impact of the invader on native taxa to determine the nature and magnitude of its effect.

关键词： detritus Food web Invasive species Mangrove Microorganisms Reptile

Variability in the Light Absorption Coefficient by Phytoplankton,Non-Algal Particles and Colored Dissolved Organic Matter in the Northern Gulf of California

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Open Journal of Marine Science 2018年第1期8卷 20-37页

作者： Stella P.Betancur-Turizo Adriana G.González-Silvera Eduardo Santamaría-Del-Angel Roberto Millán-Núnez Eduardo Millán-Núnez Héctor García-Nava Víctor M.Godínez Laura Sánchez-Velasco Facultad de Ciencias Marinas Universidad Autonoma de Baja CaliforniaEnsenadaMéxico Grupo de Investigacion en Oceanología Facultad de Oceanografía FísicaEscuela Naval de Cadetes“Almirante Padilla”Barrio BosqueSector ManzanilloCartagena de IndiasColombia Departamento de Ecología Marina CICESEEnsenadaMéxico Instituto de Investigaciones Oceanológicas Universidad Autónoma de Baja CaliforniaEnsenadaMéxico Departamento de Oceanografía Física CICESEEnsenadaMéxico Departamento de Plancton y Ecología Marina CICIMAR-IPN.Av.Instituto Politécnico Nacional s/nLa PazMéxico

Variability of the optical properties of the northern Gulf of California (México) were analyzed for the first time based on six cruises performed from spring to summer (March to September) between 2008 and 2013. The changes observed in the absorption by three seawater components (phytoplankton, detritus and chromophoric dissolved organic matter or CDOM) were analyzed in relation to changes in bio-optical regions and composition of the phytoplankton community (determined based on phytoplankton pigments). Two regions with unique bio-optical characteristics were identified separated by a narrow transition zone: the Upper Gulf of California (UGC) and Northern Gulf of California (NGC). Despite the temporal changes in their spatial distribution they maintained particular characteristic. UGC is characterized by an average Chla of 1.78 mg/m3, the dominance of microphytoplankton (diatoms and dinoflagellates) and a stronger contribution of detritus to total light absorption. NGC is characterized by an average Chla of 0.7 mg/m3 and the predominance of picophytoplankton, characterized by the dominance of zeaxanthin (marker pigment for cyanobacteria) and/or chlorophyll b (marker pigment for green algae), along with a co-dominium by CDOM and phytoplankton to light absorption. Results indicate that Case II waters can be very different when evaluating the individual contribution by phytoplankton, detritus and CDOM to total light absorption what has to be considered for the selection of bio-optical models for each specific region what can also help to a better definition of the related uncertainties.

关键词： Light Absorption Phytoplankton CDOM detritus Ocean Color Gulf of California

High Vegetation of Lake Ayakagitma in Bukhara Region and Their Distribution

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2022年第11期13卷 1373-1380页

作者： Shamsiyev Naim Amonovich Qobilov Aziz Muxtorovich Bukhara State University Bukhara Uzbekistan

More than 500 lakes are found in Uzbekistan. Ayakagitma Lake is located on the border of the Northern Gijduvon and Shafirkon districts of Bukhara region. This lake was formed in 1985-1986 at the expense of the waters of the sewage dump collector. The area of the lake is 8200 hectares, the maximum depth is 35 m, on average 10 - 15 m, the minimum is 3 - 5 meters. The chemical composition of lake water is chloride-sulfate and has a calcareous character. 67 species of high plants belonging to 22 families were found in this area. 17 of these species are found in the water of the lake and 50 species are found around it. Of the most common species, Phragmites communis reach a height of 4.5 - 5.5 meters. Phragmites communis make up the total area of the lake 8 - 10 hectares.

关键词： Mesotrophic Zooplankton Zoobentos Nectobentos Bentos detritus Mesophytes Xerophytes Hygrophytes Biomass

Limnological Changes in the Lake Kinneret (Israel) Ecosystem: The Beginning and Its Significance

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Open Journal of Modern Hydrology 2016年第3期6卷 140-150页

作者： Moshe Gophen Migal-Scientific Research Institute Kiryat Shmona Israel

The Lake Kinneret (Israel) ecosystem has undergone limnological changes. The trend of changes started in the mid 1990’s. The deviation from the previously known as stable long-term structure of the ecosystem included, among others, phytoplankton community structure, nutrient dynamics, zooplankton densities, water temperature increase, water level decline, and fishery management. This study is aimed at identifying ecosystem stability by focusing on three major compartments of the ecosystem: Total Dissolved Solids (TSS), Plankton (Phyto and Zoo), and detritus (TSS minus plankton). It is suggested that although significant temporary changes of biotic and abiotic parameters were recorded and despite the existence of the normal seasonal fluctuations, the major compartments’ structural relations were not modified. The objective of the study is to analyze the process initiation of the modification trend. Previous studies and reports were focused on descriptive evaluation of the modified parameters. The expected outcome is a comprehensive evaluation of the modification process. Consequently, resulted prediction might be a tool for managers to improve management design.

关键词： Kinneret Ecosystem Changes TSS Plankton detritus