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Genomic resources for the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens： Transcriptome pyrosequencing and microarray design

Insect Science 2012年第1期19卷 1-12页

作者： Chris Bass Martin Bay Hebsgaard Joseph Hughes Centre for Sustainable Pest and Disease Management Rothamsted Research Harpenden University of Edinburgh Institute of Evolutionary Biology Kings Buildings Edinburgh Institute of Biodiversity Animal Health and Comparative Medicine College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences University of Glasgow Glasgow United Kingdom

The brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens is a pest of cultivated rice through- out Asia and is controlled using insecticides and/or resistant rice varieties. This species has developed resistance to many classes of insecticide and biotypes have developed that are vir- ulent against formerly resistant rice cultivars. Insects use a suite of detoxification enzymes, including cytochrome P450s, glutathione S-transferases and carboxyl/cholinesterases to defend themselves against plant secondary metabolites and pesticides. Pyrosequencing on the Roche 454-FLX platform was used to produce a substantial expressed sequence tag （EST） dataset to complement the existing Sanger sequenced ESTs in GenBank. A total of 78 959 reads were combined with the 37 392 publically available Sanger ESTs; these assembled into 8 911 contigs and 10 620 singletons. Analysis of the distribution of tenta- tive unique genes （TUGs） with the gene ontology for biological processes and molecular functions suggests that the 454 and Sanger EST assembly is broadly representative of the N. lugens transcriptome. The brown planthopper transcriptome was found to contain 31 TUGs encoding P450s, nine encoding glutathione S-transferases and 26 encoding car- boxyl/cholinesterases and many of these are putatively involved in the detoxification of xenobiotics. The Agilent eArray platform was used to construct an oligonucleotide mi- croarray populated with probes for ~ 19 000 unigene sequences, including all those known to encode detoxification enzymes. The genomic resources developed in this study will be useful to the community studying this crop pest and will help elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying insecticide resistance and planthopper adaptation to resistant rice cultivars.

关键词： brown planthopper detoxification enzymes insecticide resistance Nilaparvata lugens transcriptome sequencing

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Effects of chlorpyrifos on enzymatic systems of Cydia pomonella （Lepidoptera： Tortricidae） adults

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Insect Science 2017年第3期24卷 455-466页

作者： Laura Beatriz Parra Morales Raul Adolfo Alzogaray Liliana Cichon Silvina Garrido Jimena Soleno Cristina Monica Montagna Laboratorio de Investigaciones Bioquimicas Quimicas y de Medio Ambiente Facultad de Ingenieria Universidad Nacional del ComahueBuenos Aires 1400 (Q83001BX) Neuquen Facultad de Ciencias del Ambiente y la Salud Universidad Nacional del Comahue Buenos Aires 1400 Neuquen Centro de Investigaciones de Plagas e Insecticidas (CIPEIN-UNIDEFICONICET) Villa Martelli Buenos Aires Instituto de Investigacion e Ingenieria Ambiental (3iA-UNSAM) San Martin Provincia de Buenos Aires Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria Estacion Experimental Alto Valle General Roca Argentina

The control program of codling moth （Cydia pomonella L.） in the Rio Negro and Neuqu6n Valley is intended to neonate larvae. However, adults may be subjected to sublethal pesticide concentrations generating stress which might enhance both mutation rates and activity of the detoxification system. This study assessed the exposure effects of chlorpyrifos on target enzyme and, both detoxifying and antioxidant systems of surviving adults from both a laboratory susceptible strain （LSS） and a field population （FP）. The results showed that the FP was as susceptible to chlorpyrifos as the LSS and, both exhibited a similar chlorpyrifos-inhibitory concentration 50 （IC50） of acetylcholinesterase （ACHE）. The FP displayed higher carboxylesterase （CarE） and 7-ethoxycoumarine O-deethylase （ECOD） activities than LSS. Both LSS and FP showed an increase on CarE activity after the exposure to low-chlorpyrifos concentrations, followed by enzyme inhibition at higher concentrations. There were no significant differences neither in the activities of glutathione S-transferases （GST）, catalase （CAT） and superoxide dismutase （SOD） nor in the reduced glutathione （GSH） content between LSS and FP. Moreover, these enzymes were unaffected by chlorpyrifos. In conclusion, control adults from the FP exhibited higher CarE and ECOD activities than control adults from the LSS. AChE and CarE activities were the most affected by chlorpyrifos. Control strategies used for C. pomonella, such as rotations of insecticides with different modes of action, will probably delay the evolution of insecticide resistance in FPs from the study area.

关键词： acetylcholinesterase antioxidant system chlorpyrifos codling moth detoxification enzymes

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Deoxynivalenol accumulation and detoxification in cereals and its potential role in wheat-Fusarium graminearum interactions

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aBIOTECH 2023年第2期4卷 155-171页

作者： Kun Luo Jiao Guo Dejia He Guangwei Li Thérèse Ouellet Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Jujube College of Life ScienceYan’an UniversityYan’an716000China Ottawa Research and Development Centre Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada960 Carling AveOttawaONK1A 0C6Canada

Deoxynivalenol(DON)is a prominent mycotoxin showing significant accumulation in cereal plants during infection by the phytopathogen Fusarium *** is a virulence factor that is important in the spread of *** within cereal heads,and it causes serious yield losses and significant contamination of cereal *** recent decades,genetic and genomic studies have facilitated the characterization of the molecular pathways of DON biosynthesis in *** and the environmental factors that influence DON *** addition,diverse scab resistance traits related to the repression of DON accumulation in plants have been identified,and experimental studies of wheat–pathogen interactions have contributed to understanding detoxification mechanisms in host *** present review illustrates and summarizes the molecular networks of DON mycotoxin production in *** and the methods of DON detoxification in plants based on the current literature,which provides molecular targets for crop improvement *** review also comprehensively discusses recent advances and challenges related to genetic engineering-mediated cultivar improvements to strengthen scab ***,ongoing advancements in genetic engineering will enable the application of these molecular targets to develop more scab-resistant wheat cultivars with DON detoxification traits.

关键词： Mycotoxin biosynthesis Antioxidant enzymes detoxification enzymes Scab resistance Transgenic breeding

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Chemopreventive Potential of Canola Leafy Greens and Other Cruciferous Vegetables on Azoxymethane (AOM)-Induced Colon Cancer in Fisher-344 Male Rats

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2016年第11期7卷 964-976页

作者： R. L. Miller-Cebert J. Boateng E. Cebert L. Shackelford M. Verghese Nutritional Biochemistry and Carcinogenesis Laboratory Department of Food and Animal Sciences Alabama A&M University Normal AL USA Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences Alabama A&M University Normal AL USA

Cruciferous vegetables have great health benefits, and their components may be significant in the inhibition of colon tumors. The objective of this study was to investigate and compare the chemopreventive potential of cabbage, turnip greens, collard greens and canola greens on azoxymethane (AOM)-induced colon cancer. Following a one-week acclimatization period, forty-two Fisher-344 male rats were randomly assigned to five groups (treatment groups: n = 8;control: n = 10). Four groups were fed treatment diets consisting of the selected cruciferous vegetables at 5%, while the C group was fed AIN-93 growth diet. Colon tumors were induced by administration of AOM at 7 and 8 weeks of age and rats were killed by CO2 asphyxiation at 45 weeks of age. Results show a 42.85% tumors incidence in rats fed canola greens compared to 100% in the rats fed cabbage and the control. Rats fed control had higher tumors/ tumor bearing rat (TBR) ratio (4.5) compared to those seen in treatment groups (1 - 1.71). Significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) were noted in weight gain, cecal wall weight and total cecal weight in the control compared to treatment groups. Hepatic catalase (CAT) and Glutathione-S-Transferase (GST) activities (43.05 and 2.02 μmol/mg, respectively) in rats fed canola were significantly higher (P ≤ 0.05) compared to the control (10.22 and 0.58 μmol/mg) and other treatment groups. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity (μmol/mg) in rats fed canola (0.29), cabbage (0.26) and turnip greens (0.25) were similar, however, significantly higher (P ≤ 0.05) compared to the control (0.09). Activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPX) increased in the order: collard greens > canola greens > turnip greens > cabbage > control. Selected cruciferous vegetables, including canola leafy greens, were effective in reducing incidence of AOM-induced colon tumors in Fisher-344 male rats and may be useful as dietary chemopreventive agents.

关键词： Antioxidative enzymes Cancer Canola Cruciferous Vegetables detoxification enzymes

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Chronic toxicity and biochemical response of the Chinese honey bees(Apis cerana cerana) exposure to acetamiprid and propiconazole alone or combined

Chronic toxicity and biochemical response of the Chinese hon...

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21世纪第三届全国蜂业科技与海峡两岸蜂产业发展大会暨首届北京密云蜂产业发展高峰论坛

作者： Wensu Han Yemeng Yang Jinglin Gao Dongxiang Zhao Chengcai Ren Shijie Wang Shan Zhao Yihai Zhong Environment and Plant Protection Institute Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences Bee Industry Technology Research Center Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences Hainan Bosswell Agrichemical Co. Ltd

Acetamiprid and ergosterol-inhibiting fungicide(EBI) are frequently used in inflorescence of many plants,while honeybees are pollinating agents or pollinators of the *** honeybees are often exposed to these *** until now,the effects of theses combinations at field-realistic doses on honey bee health have been poorly *** this study,we explore the synergistic mortality and physiological effects changes between acetamiprid and propiconazole on Apis cerana cerana following oral exposure in the *** results indicated that chronic combined exposure to acetamiprid and propiconazole produced a significant synergistic effect on mortality both for newly emerged bees and forager *** of acetamiprid and propiconazole obviously modulated the activities of P450 s,GST and CAT in newly emerged bees and forager bees than either alone,but does not affect the activity of *** results show that chronic combined exposure to low toxicity pesticides may caused severely physiological disruptions that could be potentially damaging for the bees.

关键词： Apis cerana cerana Synergistic mortality detoxification enzymes Physiological effects

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