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Deciphering non-steady landscape evolution by in-situ cosmogenic nuclide depth profile

Science China Earth Sciences 2022年第3期65卷 490-502页

作者： Ye YANG Lifeng CUI Sheng XU Zhenping CAO Shuncheng ZHANG Congqiang LIU Institute of Surface-Earth System Science School of Earth System ScienceTianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China

In-situ cosmogenic nuclide s are receiving growing attention in surface Earth system science in which the steady-state denudation is an important assumption for estimating the surface denudation of long-lived(103-106 years)surfaces.However,distinguishing steady-state denudation and deciphering a reliable denudation rate from non-steady state denudation region are difficult.Recent depth profile models for investigating the denudation rate,exposure age and inheritance are widely used for sediment and regolith of steady-state denudation region.Here we present in-situ co smogenic nuclides^(10)Be and^(26)Al from two typical granite regolithes from Jixian in Tianjin and Tengchong in Yunnan to model non-steady landscape evolution process by using steady state(Model 1)and non-steady state(Model 2,continuous exposure;Model 3 a,changed denudation rate;Model 3 b,abrupt denudation event)models.The results of steady state model show that both regolithes are in non-steady state.^(10)Be non-steady state models of Jixian regolith reveal that the surface has likely experienced a denudation rate change or an abrupt denudation event during the past several millennia,resulting in a non-steady state.The similar Model 3 a and 3 b denudation rates of 14.6-12.9^(+9.4)and 14.7-14.7^(+9.0)mmkyr^(-1),respectively,might demonstrate the long-term denudation rate rather than the exaggerated rate s of 39.0-2.3^(+2.6)and 39.0-2.4+^(2.5)mm kyr^(-1)calculated by assuming steady-state denudation and ignoring inheritance.The non-steady state model results of Tengchong regolith suggest that the surface has likely experienced a strong denudation about 157 ka(^(10)Be)or 127 ka(^(26)Al)ago.This timing is basically consistent with the termination of the MIS 6(TII:130 ka)and the climate change events in the Tibetan Plateau,suggesting a strong surface landscape denudation during the transition from glacial to interglacial.The compiling of basin-wide denudation rates in the Tibetan Plateau shows a good positive correlation with the regional tectonic activi

关键词： Denudation rate Landscape evolution Quaternary geochronology depth profile Cosmogenic nuclides

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Cosmogenic^(10)Be dating of the oldest moraine in the Hengduan Mountains

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Science China Earth Sciences 2023年第10期66卷 2211-2223页

作者： Zhigang ZHANG Jiahong ZHENG Haitao CUI Zhijun ZHAO Xinggong KONG Chaogang ZHENG Hong ZHANG Fei GUO Zhiyang CHANG Xue YUAN Mingyang YAN Jie ZHANG Jian WANG School of Geography Nanjing Normal UniversityNanjing210023China Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment(Nanjing Normal University) Ministry of EducationNanjing210023China Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application Nanjing210023China Tourism and Social Administration College NanJing XiaoZhuang UniversityNangjing211171China

The Hengduan Mountains is in the transitional zone between the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP)and the YunnanGuizhou Plateau in China,and a key area for elucidating the Quaternary environmental changes in Asia.The paleo-Daocheng ice cap was located on the Shaluli Hilly Plateau in the northeastern Hengduan Mountains,the oldest moraines in the Hengduan Mountains region were found in the ice cap area.Such glacial landforms provide key evidence to study the timing when this area entered the cryosphere with the uplift of the QTP.However,it is difficult to collect suitable glacial boulders from these moraines for traditional terrestrial in-situ cosmogenic nuclide(TCN)exposure dating because of long-term severe moraine degradation.Here,we collected clast samples from the moraine surface and depth profile to constrain the age of the oldest moraine in Kuzhaori(moraine E)using TCN^(10)Be dating technique.The minimum^(10)Be ages of five clast samples from the moraine surface range from 187.4±1.5 to 576.8±4.3 ka,implying that the moraine has been seriously degraded since deposition.Based on the TCN^(10)Be concentrations of the samples from a depth profile and simulations,the exposure-erosion-inheritance history of the profile was obtained.By fitting to the profile^(10)Be concentrations using the chi-square test,the simulations yielded a reliable age of 626.0±52.5 ka for the moraine.Therefore,the oldest moraine(moraine E)in Kuzhaori was most likely formed at about 0.63Ma ago,corresponding to the marine isotope stage(MIS)16.This glaciation represents the maximum Quaternary glaciation after the QTP was elevated into the cryosphere by the Kunlun-Yellow River Tectonic Movement.

关键词： Hengduan Mountains Paleo-Daocheng ice cap Terrestrial in-situ cosmogenic nuclide^(10)Be depth profile Exposure dating

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Compositional study of δ-NbN film by Auger electron microscopy

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Tungsten 2023年第1期5卷 130-135页

作者： Zhao-Xi Chen Peng Dong Yi-Wen Zhang Yi-Lan Jiang Yi-Fan Ding Yue-Shen Wu Jing-Hui Wang Xiang Zhou Jun Li Center for Transformative Science ShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai 201210China School of Physical Science and Technology ShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai 201210China ShanghaiTech Laboratory for Topological Physics ShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai 200031China State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200050China Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center Huazhong University of Science&TechnologyWuhan 430074China

The chemical stoichiometry on the surface of superconducting δ-NbN thin films is of great importance for their application.Here,we fabricated the δ-NbN thin films on SiO2/Si substrate by DC sputtering method.The film was characterized using X-ray diffraction(XRD) and atomic force microscopy(AFM).Transport properties were measured to reveal the field dependent superconducting transition temperature.Both XRD and electrical measurement show high crystallinity of δ-NbN phase.A homogeneous and smooth surface morphology was measured by AFM.Auger electron spectroscopy(AES) was applied to analyze the composition along the depth of the film.The evolution of Auger peak profile,heights and nitride stoichiometry at the film surface is discussed.The current study provides a more thorough understanding of complex chemical compositions of δ-NbN thin films.

关键词： Superconducting films Magnetron sputtering Auger electron spectroscopy depth profile Surface oxidation

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Biodiversity of zooplankton in 0-3000 m waters from the eastern Indian Ocean in spring 2019 based on metabarcoding

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Water Biology and Security 2022年第1期1卷 41-52页

作者： Xia-Wen Cheng Lan-Lan Zhang Fei Gao Ye-Hui Tan Rong Xiang Zhuo-Ya Qiu Li-Jun He State Key Laboratory of Marine Resources Utilization in South China Sea College of Marine ScienceHainan UniversityHaikou570228China Key Laboratory of Ocean and Marginal Sea Geology South China Sea Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou511458China Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Guangzhou) Guangzhou511458China State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research East China Normal UniversityShanghai200241China

To increase knowledge on zooplankton diversity in the deep sea,42 zooplankton samples(depths of 0–3000 m)were taken across five stations throughout the northeastern Indian Ocean using a vertical multi-plankton sampler.According to metabarcoding results of the V4 region of the 18S rRNA gene,Copepoda,Hydrozoa and Malacostraca were present at all stations,while Polychaeta,Scyphozoa,and Thaliacea mainly appeared in the Bay of Bengal.A correlation heatmap showed that the abundance of surface species belonging to Copepoda,Gastropoda,Thaliacea,and Sagittoidea responded most closely to temperature,dissolved oxygen and chlorophyll-a,while the abundance of deep-water species belonging to Thecofilosea,Copepoda,Sagittoidea,and Polychaeta was negatively correlated with temperature,suggesting that temperature differences were driving depth-based variation in zooplankton community distributions in the tropical region.Furthermore,Copepods are important for differentiating depth assemblages in the Indian Ocean.Gaetanus minutus,Lucicutia ovalis,Heterostylites major and Metridia asymmetrica prefer the mesopelagic environment.The vertical distribution of zooplankton diversity showed a bimodal pattern.Generally,communities between 200 and 400 m at stations ZS1,ZS3 and ZS4 differed greatly from those of 0–200 m.However,at stations ZS2 and ZS5,communities between 200 and 400 m had high similarity with those of 0–200 m,possibly due to the influence of upwelling.Findings from this study significantly improve our understanding of zooplankton diversity and ecological functions in the deep sea.

关键词： Indian Ocean 18S rRNA Zooplankton diversity depth profile Spatial variation

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Characterization of lattice parameters gradient of Cu(In1-xGax)Se2 absorbing layer in thin-film solar cell by glancing incidence X-ray diffraction technique

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2020年第16期47卷 193-201页

作者： Yong-Il Kim Ki-Bok Kim Miso Kim Department of Nano Science University of Science and Technology217GajeongYuseongDaejeon34113Republic of Korea Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science 267GajeongYuseongDaejseon34113Republic of Korea

In or Ga gradients in the Cu(In1-xGax)Se2(CIGS)absorbing layer lead to change the lattice parameters of the absorbing layer,giving rise to the bandgap grading in the absorbing layer which is directly associated with the degree of absorbing ability of the CIGS solar cell.We tried to characterize the depth profile of the lattice parameters of the CIGS absorbing layer using a glancing incidence X-ray diffraction(GIXRD)technique,and then investigate the bandgap grading of the CIGS absorbing layer.When the glancing incident angle increased from 0.50 to 5.00°,the a and c lattice parameters of the CIGS absorbing layer gradually decreased from 5.7776(3)to 5.6905(2)?,and 11.3917(3)to 11.2114(2)?,respectively.The depth profile of the lattice parameters as a function of the incident angle was consistent with vertical variation in the compositionof In or Ga with depth in the absorbing layer.The variation of the lattice parameters was due to the difference between the ionic radius of In and Ga co-occupying at the same crystallographic site.According to the results of the depth profile of the refined parameters using GIXRD data,the bandgap of the CIGS absorber layer was graded over a range of 1.222-1.532 eV.This approach allows to determine the In or Ga gradients in the CIGS absorbing layer,and to nondestructively guess the bandgap depth profile through the refinement of the lattice parameters using GIXRD data on the assumption that the changes of the lattice parameters or unit-cell volume follow a good approximation to Vegard’s law.

关键词： Cu(In1-xGax)Se2 absorbing layer depth profile Glancing incidence X-ray diffraction technique Bandgap grading Vegard’s law

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Radiation damage of 1Cr18Ni9Ti and Zr-Ti-Al alloys due to energetic particle irradiation

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2012年第1期25卷 29-39页

作者： Maosheng CHAI Wensheng LAI Zhengcao LI Wei FENG Department of Materials Science and Engineering Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

The radiation damage of 1Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steel and the Zr-Ti-Al alloy by 200 keV Xe＋ ions bombardment at the fluence ranging from 1×1014 to 8×1015 ions/cm2 has been investigated by conventional transmission electron microscope, X-ray diffraction line profile analysis （XRDLPA） and nanoindentation. XRDLPA shows that the order of magnitude of dislocation density in both materials remains almost unchanged up to the highest irradiation dose. Selected-area electron diffraction combined with bright and dark field image indicates that 1Cr18Ni9Ti is more easily damaged than the Zr-Ti-Al alloy. With increasing the ions fluence, the radiation damage became more severe in 1Cr18Ni9Ti, accompanied with phase transition and partial amorphization. The nano-hardness was found to increase rapidly with increasing ion fluence till the dose of 1×1015 ions/cm2, and then gradually saturate with dose. The enhancement of hardness in irradiated materials is due to irradiation-induced defects acting as barriers to dislocation motion.

关键词： Damage structure Zr-Ti-Al alloy 1Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steel XRD TEM Irradiation depth profile

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二次离子质谱法分析聚变裂变混合堆材料表面涂层成份

二次离子质谱法分析聚变裂变混合堆材料表面涂层成份

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中国质谱学会第七届会员代表大会暨学术报告会

作者：武昌平李静王林博赵永刚李金英李安利中国原子能科学研究院放射化学研究所

聚变裂变混合堆设计方案中,拟采用液态Pb-17Li作为冷却剂兼产氚剂。含氚液态金属有很强的腐蚀性和渗透性,因而钢冷却管道内壁应有防渗屏障层。用表面渗铝氧化方法形成微米厚度的AlO/FeAl涂层,是有应用前景的防渗屏障层生成工艺。实验测... 详细信息

聚变裂变混合堆设计方案中,拟采用液态Pb-17Li作为冷却剂兼产氚剂。含氚液态金属有很强的腐蚀性和渗透性,因而钢冷却管道内壁应有防渗屏障层。用表面渗铝氧化方法形成微米厚度的AlO/FeAl涂层,是有应用前景的防渗屏障层生成工艺。实验测量涂层的微观结构,表面成份及其深度分布,对于改进工艺,探索最佳工艺条件具有重要意义。

关键词： coating material secondary ion mass spectrometry （SIMS） alumina depth profile matrix effect

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Advancement in “Direct Solid Sampling” Glow Discharge Mass Spectroscopy（GDMS） for Trace Analysis of Advanced Alloys,Engineering Coatings,Thin Films and Coarse Surfaces

Advancement in “Direct Solid Sampling” Glow Discharge Mass...

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“第十届中国钢铁年会”暨“第六届宝钢学术年会”

作者： Wang Xinwei Su Kenghsien Liu Yan PUTYERA Karol EAG Inc.

Glow discharge mass spectroscopy（GDMS） is a direct solid sampling technique with growing importance for high sensitivity trace elemental analysis of advanced materials used in aerospace, semiconductor, energy and medical device industries. In this article, several case studies were given, covering the applications in quality control, production support and failure analysis. GDMS is the technique of choice for full survey analysis, in particular monitoring the critical bulk trace impurity in advanced alloys such as S, Se, Pb, etc., due to its exceptional long-term reproducibility（yearly measurement variation RSD ＜ 10%）. The GDMS equipped with a fast flow GD source is also a highly sensitive technique for depth profiling of trace impurities in engineering coatings（up to 100 s mm thick） in the direct current mode, and in thin metal oxide film（100s nm thick） in the modulated GD mode. We also demonstrated that this GDMS configuration is also an effective tool for near surface chemical analysis of coarse surfaces.

关键词： glow discharge mass spectroscopy trace analysis depth profile alloys engineering coatings

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Cu互连工艺中Ta基扩散阻挡层的二次离子质谱剖析

Cu互连工艺中Ta基扩散阻挡层的二次离子质谱剖析

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中国质谱学会第七届会员代表大会暨学术报告会

作者：曹永明方培源姜蕾复旦大学材料科学系上海Intel公司

在集成电路工艺中,硅芯片上的电子组件是采用金属导线将它相互连接起来。可作互连导线的金属有Al、Au、Ag、Cu和Ti等。集成度并不高的传统IC工艺中,使用的金属是Al。但铝在硅中容易发生电迁移、发生Al/Si共熔的“铝吃硅”现象、在300℃... 详细信息

在集成电路工艺中,硅芯片上的电子组件是采用金属导线将它相互连接起来。可作互连导线的金属有Al、Au、Ag、Cu和Ti等。集成度并不高的传统IC工艺中,使用的金属是Al。但铝在硅中容易发生电迁移、发生Al/Si共熔的“铝吃硅”现象、在300℃左右的工艺温度下,铝膜上会形成突起,有时甚至会穿透相互连线之间的电介质绝缘层,造成短路。

关键词： Ta-based barrier layer second ion mass spectrometry（SIMS） Cu metallization diffusion barrier layer depth profile

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