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China Geology 2024年第1期7卷 157-160页

作者： Peng-peng Yu Zhao-bin Hu Yi Zheng Lan-xuan Guo Shi-yuan Ouyang Gui-qiang Yuan Shang-zhou Chen Cheng-ming Wang Xi Chen School of Earth Sciences and Geological Engineering Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275China Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Geological Process and Mineral Resources Survey Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275China Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai) Zhuhai 519000China Zhongjin Lingnan Nonfemet Co. LtdShenzhen 518000China

1.Objective The Fankou giant zinc(Zn)-lead(Pb)deposit in Guangdong Province is well-known for its huge reserves of over 10 Mt(million ton)Zn+Pb metals and high ore-grade with Zn+Pb exceeding 15%(Guangdong Fankou deposit Investigation Group,1980;Zhu XY et al.,2017).After 60 years of exploration and exploitation,the deposit has accumulated millions of tons of tailings.One interesting question is that what components are hosted in these tailings,and whether some key and critical metals such as gallium and germanium are extremely enriched and worth further comprehensive utilization.This motivated us to conduct an integrated set of field investigation,sampling,major-trace element analyses and reserve assessments about the Fankou tailings.In this contribution,we discover that the tailings contain a variety of metal elements such as zinc,lead and gallium with comprehensive utilization potential.These data can act as a scientific guidance for further exploration and utilization of the Fankou tailings,and aid to enhance the utilization efficiency of the key mineral resource in China.Our study also provide demonstration for future green mine construction in China.

关键词： deposit comprehensive Guangdong

Mitigating corrosion of deposit-covered carbon steel in solution containing sulfate-reducing bacteria by purging nitrogen

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research(International) 2023年第9期30卷 1879-1887页

作者： Zheng-rong Ye Jie Yang Zheng-bin Wang Xiang Zhou Wei-dong Jiang Ran Yi Xiao-dong Cui Zhi-hong Zhao Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development PetroChinaBeijing 100083China CAS Key Laboratory of Nuclear Materials and Safety Assessment Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016LiaoningChina School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026AnhuiChina

The corrosion behavior of a carbon steel covered by sand deposits in the solution containing sulfate-reducing bacteria(SRB)under nitrogen purging conditions was studied by electrochemical measurements and surface analyses,aiming at clarifying the mitigation effects of nitrogen purging on SRB-involved under-deposit corrosion.The electrochemical results show that the variation trend of polarization resistance with immersion time is unchanged,but the corrosion current density is the lowest in the presence of SRB and deposits under nitrogen purging conditions,as compared to that without purging nitrogen,which are confirmed by the cross-sectional corrosion morphology observation after removing the sand deposits.Moreover,it is found that there are no positive synergistic effects between SRB and deposits on corrosion under nitrogen purging conditions,corresponding to the corrosion mitigation.Such mitigation on corrosion can be attributed to the less amount of SRB-produced H2S exhausted by purging nitrogen,which is supported by X-ray photoelectron spectrometry analyses.Therefore,purging nitrogen to the solution could be a practically effective way to mitigate the corrosion of deposit-covered carbon steels in SRB-containing solutions.

关键词： Carbon steel deposit Sulfate-reducing bacteria Nitrogen purging Corrosion mitigation

Spatial analysis and evaluation of a coal deposit by coupling AHP & GIS techniques

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2019年第6期29卷 943-953页

作者： Nikolaos Paraskevis Christos Roumpos Nikolaos Stathopoulos Aikaterini Adam Department of Mining Engineering Public Power Corporation of GreeceAthens 10432Greece School of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering National Technical University of AthensAthens 15780Greece

Nowadays,the evaluation of coal deposits becomes crucial,due to many uncontrollable factors,which affect the energy sector.A comparative evaluation of coal deposits is essential for their hierarchical classification regarding their sustainable exploitation,when compared to other coal deposits or competitive fuels,which may be used as alternative solutions for electricity generation.In this paper,a method for spatial analysis and evaluation of a lignite deposit is proposed,by creating four spatial key indicators via GIS analysis,which are then aggregated by applying a weighted linear combination.The analytical hierarchy process is applied to estimate the relative weights of the indicators,in order to perform a weighted cartographic overlay.Through the synthesis of the indicators,an overall,total spatial quality indicator is calculated.The weighted analysis was shown to be more effective compared to the unweighted one,because it can provide more reliable results regarding the exploitation of the examined lignite deposit.The implementation of GIS-based analytical hierarchy process in spatial analysis and evaluation of lignite deposits,in terms of sustainable exploitation,demonstrates that this method can be extensively applied for evaluating the economic potential of mineral deposits.

关键词： Lignite/coal deposit Spatial analysis Evaluation Cartographic overlay Analytical hierarchy process Geographic information systems Weighted linear combination(WLC) Weighted spatial quality indicator(WSQI)

The mixing of multi-source fluids in the Wusihe Zn–Pb ore deposit in Sichuan Province, Southwestern China

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Acta Geochimica 2019年第5期38卷 642-653页

作者： Hongjie Zhang Haifeng Fan Chaoyi Xiao Hanjie Wen Lin Ye Zhilong Huang Jiaxi Zhou Qingjun Guo State Key Laboratory of Ore deposit Geochemistry Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of SciencesGuiyang 550081China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China School of Resource Environment and Earth Sciences Yunnan UniversityKunming 650504China Center for Environmental Remediation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

The Sichuan-Yunnan-Guizhou(SYG)metallogenic province of southwest China is one of the most important Zn-Pb ore zones in China,with^200 Mt ZnPb ores at mean grades of 10 wt.%Zn and 5 wt.%Pb.The source and mechanism of the regional Zn-Pb mineralization remain controversial despite many investigations that have been conducted.The Wusihe Zn-Pb deposit is a representative large-scale Zn-Pb deposit in the northern SYG,which mainly occurs in the Dengying Formation and yields Zn-Pb resources of^3.7 Mt.In this paper,Zn and S isotopes,and Fe and Cd contents of sphalerite from the Wusihe deposit were investigated in an attempt to constrain the controls on Zn and S isotopic variations,the potential sources of ore-forming components,and the possible mineralization mechanisms.Both theδ66Zn andδ34S values in sphalerite from the Wusihe deposit increase systematically from the bottom to the top of the strata-bound orebodies.Such spatial evolution inδ66Zn andδ34S values of sphalerite can be attributed to isotopic Rayleigh fractionation during sphalerite precipitation with temperature variations.The strong correlations between the Zn-S isotopic compositions and Fe-Cd concentrations in sphalerite suggest that their variations were dominated by a similar mechanism.However,the Rayleigh fractionation mechanism cannot explain the spatial variations of Fe and Cd concentrations of sphalerite in this deposit.It is noted that the bottom and top sphalerites from the strata-bound orebodies document contrasting Zn and S isotopic compositions which correspond to the Zn and S isotopic characteristics of basement rocks and host rocks,respectively.Therefore,the mixing of two-source fluids with distinct Zn-S isotopic signatures was responsible for the spatial variations of Zn-S isotopic compositions of sphalerite from the Wusihe deposit.The fluids from basement rocks are characterized by relatively lighter Zn(~0.2‰)and S(~5‰)isotopic compositions while the fluids from host rocks are marked by relatively heavier Zn(~0.6‰)and S(~15‰)isotopic composit

关键词： Sichuan-Yunnan-Guizhou Wusihe Zn-Pb deposit Zn-S isotopes Fe-Cd contents Two-source fluids

BRECCIATION　AND　GOLD　MINERALIZATION　OF　ORE－HOSTING　ROCKS　IN　LAOYACHAO　GOLD　deposit

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中国有色金属学会会刊：英文版 1995年第2期5卷 7-12页

作者： Yu, Xingzhen Li, Peilan Central South Univ of Technology Changsha China

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ＢＲＥＣＣＩＡＴＩＯＮＡＮＤＧＯＬＤＭＩＮＥＲＡＬＩＺＡＴＩＯＮＯＦＯＲＥ－ＨＯＳＴＩＮＧＲＯＣＫＳＩＮＬＡＯＹＡＣＨＡＯＧＯＬＤＤＥＰＯＳＩＴ￥ＹｕＸｉｎｇｚｈｅｎ；ＬｉＰｅｉｌａｎ（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＧｅｏｌｏｇｙ，ＣｅｎｔｒａｌＳｏｕｔｈ...

关键词： gold deposit ore-hosting breccia gas-liquid concealed explosion

The Payouts Choice for deposit Insurance System

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Journal of Systems Science & Complexity 2019年第5期32卷 1404-1425页

作者： CHANG Yiming ZHAO Shangmei HU Fei School of Economics and Management Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China Institute of Market and Price National Development and Reform CommissionBeijing 100038China.

Entropy balancing is introduced to assess the deposit insurance design characteristics in this paper. Applying an extensive duration data including 141 countries from 1960 to 2015, the authors employ the entropy balancing method to simulate the data structure under the implicit deposit insurance system. Then the paper adopts an endogenous treatment effects model and a Heckman two-step selection model to examine payouts choice of the deposit insurance. It is found that entropy balancing can calibrate unit weights and reweight treatment and control groups by a maximum entropy scheme.Thus, a possibly given conditions will be satisfied and information concerning sample moments will be integrated. The results show clearly that different payouts choice and the corresponding coverage setting can effectively reduce the moral hazards that may result from the introduction of a deposit insurance scheme. When the Payouts is Per depositor Account or Per depositor, the banks’ moral hazard is higher. However, the payment method of Per depositor Per Institution can effectively restrain the banks’ risk-taking activities.

关键词： deposit insurance entropy balancing payouts choice treatment effects

Genesis of fahlore in the Tianbaoshan lead–zinc deposit, Sichuan Province, China: a scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive spectroscopy study

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Acta Geochimica 2018年第6期37卷 842-853页

作者： Yusi Hu Lin Ye Zhenli Li Zhilong Huang Jiawei Zhang State Key Laboratory of Ore deposit Geochemistry Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of SciencesGuiyang550081China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049China Guizhou Geological Survey Bureau of Geology and Mineral Exploration and Development of Guizhou ProvinceGuiyang550081China

The Tianbaoshan deposit, located in the southwestern part of the Yangtze Block, is a representative Pb–Zn deposit in the Sichuan–Yunnan–Guizhou Pb–Zn metallogenic province. The Pb–Zn orebodies are hosted in the upper Sinian Dengying Formation dolostone. The predominant minerals are sphalerite, galena, pyrite, chalcopyrite, quartz, and calcite with minor arsenopyrite,fahlore, and dolomite. The deposit is characterized by relatively strong Cu mineralization. However, the relationship between Pb–Zn and Cu mineralization is unknown. We analyzed the mineralogy and composition of fahlore, chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite, sphalerite, and galena using scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive spectroscopy, with the aim of providing new evidence for the genesis of the Pb–Zn–(Cu) ore. The results show that the Cu ore in the deposit is dominated by chalcopyrite and fahlore, both of which formed before or during the Pb–Zn ore-forming stage. The fahlore showed dramatic compositional variation and was characterized by negative correlations between Ag and Cu, and between As and Sb,suggesting substitution of Ag for Cu, and that As and Sb substitute in the same site in the fahlore lattice. Based on backscattered electron images and composition, the fahlorewas divided into two types. Type I fahlore crystallized early and is characterized by enrichment of Cu and depletion in Ag and Sb. Type II fahlore formed after Type I, and is rich in Ag and poor in Cu and As. Moreover,galena and fahlore are the host minerals of Ag. The variation of valence state with As host mineral—from fahlore to arsenopyrite—indicates the metallogenic environment changed from relatively oxidizing to reducing with a high p H. In the light of Gibbs energies of reciprocal reactions and isotherms for cation exchange, the composition of the fahlore implies its ore-forming temperature was lower than220 °C, corresponding with typical Mississippi Valley-type(MVT) deposits. Based on the geologic character and geochemical data of this deposit, we suggest that the Tianb

关键词： Fahlore Tianbaoshan Pb-Zn deposit SEM- EDS-MVT deposit

In-situ sulfur isotope and trace element of pyrite constraints on the formation and evolution of the Nibao Carlin-type gold deposit in SW China

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Acta Geochimica 2019年第4期38卷 555-575页

作者： Jinxiang Li Chenghai Zhao Yong Huang Yuzhou Zhuo Jinwei Li State Key Laboratory of Ore deposit Geochemistry Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of SciencesGuiyang 550081China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

The fault-controlled Nibao Carlin-type gold deposit,together with the strata-bound Shuiyindong deposit,comprise a significant amount of the disseminated gold deposits in southwestern Guizhou Province,China.Five main types and two sub-types of pyrite at the Nibao deposit(Py1a/Py1b,Py2,Py3,Py4,Py5)were distinguished based on detailed mineralogical work.Py1,Py2and Py3 are Au-poor,whereas Py4 and Py5 are Au-rich,corresponding to a sedimentary and hydrothermal origin,respectively.Through systematic in situ analyses of NanoSIMS sulfur isotopes,the framboid pyrite Py1a with negative δ^34S values(-53.3 to-14.9%)from the Nibao deposit were found to originate from bacterial sulfate reduction(BSR)processes in an open and sulfate-sufficient condition while the superheavy pyrite Py1b(73.7–114.8%)is probably due to the potential influence of closed-system Rayleigh fractionation or the lack of preservation of deepsea sediments.Data of Py2 and Py3 plot within the area of S isotope compositions from biogenic and abiogenic sulfate reduction.In view of few coeval magmatic rocks in the mining district,the near zero δ^34S values of the Au-rich pyrites(Py4 and Py5)may discount the potential involvement of magmatic but metamorphic or sedimentary origin.LA-ICP-MS and TEM work show that Au in ore-related pyrite is present as both nanoparticles and structurally bound.LA-ICP-MS analyses show that the Au-rich pyrite also contains higher As,Cu,Sb,Tl and S than other types of pyrite,which inferred a distal manifestation of deep hydrothermal mineralization systems.

关键词： Nibao Carlin-type gold deposit Pyrite NanoSIMS LA-ICP-MS Sulfur isotopes

Using trace elements of magnetite to constrain the origin of the Pingchuan hydrothermal low-Ti magnetite deposit in the Panxi area, SW China

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Acta Geochimica 2019年第3期38卷 376-390页

作者： Yanjun Wang Weiguang Zhu Hong Zhong Zhongjie Bai Junhua Yao Chong Xu State Key Laboratory of Ore deposit Geochemistry Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

The Pingchuan iron deposit, located in the Yanyuan region of Sichuan Province, SW China, has an ore reserve of 40 Mt with ~60 wt% Fe. Its genesis is still poorly understood. The Pingchuan iron deposit has a paragenetic sequence of an early Fe-oxide–Pyrite stage(Ⅰ) and a late Fe-oxide–pyrrhotite stage(Ⅱ). Stage Ⅰ magnetite grains are generally fragmented, euhedral–subhedral, largesized crystals accompanying with slightly postdated pyrite.Stage Ⅱ magnetite grains are mostly unfragmented, anhedral, relatively small-sized grains that co-exist with pyrrhotite. Combined with micro-textural features and previously-obtained geochronological data, we consider that these two stages of iron mineralization in the Pingchuan deposit correspond to the Permian ELIP magmatism and Cenozoic fault activity event. Both the Stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ magnetites are characterized with overall lower contents of trace elements(including Cr, Ti, V, and Ni) than the ELIP magmatic magnetite, which suggests a hydrothermal origin for them. ‘‘Skarn-like'' enrichment in Sn, Mn, and Zn in the Stage Ⅰ magnetite grains indicate significant material contributions from carbonate wall-rocks due to water–rock interaction in ore-forming processes. Stage Ⅱ magnetite grains contain higher Mn concentrations than Stage Ⅰ magnetite grains, which possibly implies more contribution from carbonate rocks. In multiple-element diagrams, the Stage Ⅰ magnetite shows systematic similarities to Kiruna-type magnetite rather than those from other types of deposits. Combined with geological features and previous studies on oxygen isotopes, we conclude that hydrothermal fluids have played a key role in the generation of the Pingchuan low-Ti iron deposit.

关键词： SW China Pingchuan iron deposit Low-Ti iron deposit Hydrothermal magnetite

Geochronology of Baogutu porphyry copper deposit in Western Junggar area, Xinjiang of China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2009年第10期52卷 1543-1549页

作者： LIU YuLin GUO LiShuang LIU YuDe SONG HuiXia SONG Biao ZHANG Rui XU FaJun ZHANG YunXiao The Key Laboratory of Orogenic Belt and Crustal Evolution MOEPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China North China Institute of Science and Technology Beijing 101601China Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological SciencesBeijing 100037China Beijing SHRIMP Center Beijing 100037China Institute of Geology Xinjiang Nonferrous Geo-exploration BureauUrumqi 830000China

Baogutu copper deposit in Western Junggar area is a mesoscopic porphyry deposit found in recent years. Study on its geochronology will help further understand ore genesis and regional ore-forming pattern. A series of small quartz-diorite and granodiorite stocks outcrop at Baogutu area, numbered I―X according to their size. A detailed exploration on Number V stock confirmed it as a mesoscopic scale copper deposit, and various exploration work has been carried out on other stocks with ore-forming evidence. This paper studies geochronology of Number V stock using zircon SHRIMP U-Pb and single mineral K-Ar method. Twenty-five SHRIMP ages yield two 206Pb/238U weighed mean ages of 335.6 ± 7.8 Ma and 311.4 ± 3.3 Ma respectively. The older date is considered to be inherited zircon from either surrounding rock tuff or deep granitoid batholith, whereas the younger date is the formation age of ore-bearing intrusion. K-Ar ages of ore-forming biotites, 296.0 ± 3.7 Ma and 297.3 ± 3.8 Ma, in combination with Re-Os age of molybdenite, 310 Ma, confirm the ore-forming age of 310-296 Ma. Granophyre and dioritic porphyrite dikes cut Number V stock and their K-Ar ages range from 278 to 240 Ma, which confine the lower boundary of the mineralization. The framework of Baogutu ore-forming geochrono-logy can be established based on these data.

关键词： Baogutu porphyry copper deposit U-Pb K-Ar geochronology