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Reduced nitrogen application rate with dense planting improves rice grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency: A case study in east China

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The Crop Journal 2021年第4期9卷 954-961页

作者： Huanhe Wei Tianyao Meng Jialin Ge Xubin Zhang Tianyi Shi Enhao Ding Yu Lu Xinyue Li Yuan Tao Yinglong Chen Min Li Qigen Dai Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Research Institute of Rice Industrial Engineering Technology Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009JiangsuChina Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety The Ministry of Education of ChinaYangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009JiangsuChina Rice Research Institute of Guizhou Guiyang 550006GuizhouChina

dense planting could be a feasible method for reducing nitrogen(N) application rates without compromising rice grain yield in northeast and central China. It is still unclear whether reduced N application with dense planting(RNDP) can achieve higher rice yield and N use efficiency(NUE) in Jiangsu, east China. Three japonica inbred rice(JI) and three indica hybrid rice(IH) cultivars were grown in a field experiment. Their grain yield, NUE, and related traits were compared under two cultivation treatments:conventional high-yielding practice(CHYP) and RNDP. JI showed similar yields under the two treatments,while IH showed lower yield under RNDP than under CHYP, and the partial factor productivity of N and N use efficiency for grain yield increased(P < 0.05) in both JI and IH under RNDP. Compared with CHYP,RNDP reduced spikelets per panicle but increased panicles per m2 and filled-kernel percentage of JI and IH, and JI's kernel weight was increased(P < 0.05) under RNDP. Shoot biomass weight and nonstructural carbohydrate(NSC) content in the stem at heading and maturity of JI and IH were reduced under RNDP, while harvest index and NSC remobilization reserve were increased(P < 0.05) under RNDP, especially for JI. Our results suggest that RNDP could achieve a higher rice grain yield and NUE, particularly for JI, a dominant rice cultivar type in Jiangsu. For JI, the increased panicles per m2, sink-filling efficiency, harvest index, and NSC remobilization after heading under RNDP contributed to a grain yield similar to that under CHYP.

关键词： Japonica inbred rice Grain yield Nitrogen use efficiency Reduced nitrogen rate dense planting

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How plant density affects maize spike differentiation, kernel set, and grain yield formation in Northeast China?

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2018年第8期17卷 1745-1757页

作者： ZHANG Ming CHEN Tao Hojatollah Latifmanesh FENG Xiao-min CAO Tie-hua QIAN Chun-rong DENG Ai-xing SONG Zhen-wei ZHANG Wei-jian Institute of Crop Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and EcologyMinistry of AgricultureBeijing 100081P.R.China Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences Changchun 130124P.R.China Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Harbin 150086P.R.China

A two-year field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of plant density on tassel and ear differentiation, anthesissilking interval(ASI), and grain yield formation of two types of modern maize hybrids(Zhongdan 909(ZD909) as tolerant hybrid to crowding stress, Jidan 209(JD209) and Neidan 4(ND4) as intolerant hybrids to crowding stress) in Northeast China. Plant densities of 4.50×104(D1), 6.75×104(D2), 9.00×104(D3), 11.25×104(D4), and 13.50×104(D5) plants ha-1had no significant effects on initial time of tassel and ear differentiation of maize. Instead, higher plant density delayed the tassel and ear development during floret differentiation and sexual organ formation stage, subsequently resulting in ASI increments at the rate of 1.2–2.9 days on average for ZD909 in 2013–2014, 0.7–4.2 days for JD209 in 2013, and 0.5–3.7 days for ND4 in 2014, respectively, under the treatments of D2, D3, D4, and D5 compared to that under the D1 treatment. Total florets, silking florets, and silking rates of ear showed slightly decrease trends with the plant density increasing, whereas the normal kernels seriously decreased at the rate of 11.0–44.9% on average for ZD909 in 2013–2014, 2.0–32.6% for JD209 in 2013, and 9.7–28.3% for ND4 in 2014 with the plant density increased compared to that under the D1 treatment due to increased florets abortive rates. It was also observed that 100-kernel weight of ZD909 showed less decrease trend compared that of JD209 and ND4 along with the plant densities increase. As a consequence, ZD909 gained its highest grain yield by 13.7 t ha-1on average at the plant density of 9.00×104 plants ha-1, whereas JD209 and ND4 reached their highest grain yields by 11.7 and 10.2 t ha-1at the plant density of 6.75×104 plants ha-1, respectively. Our experiment demonstrated that hybrids with lower ASI, higher kernel number potential per ear, and relative constant 100-kernel weight(e.g., ZD909) could achieve higher yield under dense planting in high latitude a

关键词： corn dense planting spike differentiation anthesis-silking interval(ASI) kernel set

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Reducing environmental risk of nitrogen by popularizing mechanically dense transplanting for rice production in China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2020年第9期19卷 2362-2366页

作者： HUANG Min ZOU Ying-bin Crop and Environment Research Center College of AgronomyHunan Agricultural UniversityChangsha 410128P.R.China

The high nitrogen(N)application rates typically used in Chinese cropping systems have led to diminishing returns for yields and have also imposed substantial environmental ***,we estimate that the annual N loss from rice production in China reached approximately 2.6×109 kg from 2011 to 2015,and we demonstrate that adoption of the mechanically dense transplanting technique by producers is an effective method to reduce N loss from rice cropping systems without suffering a yield penalty.

关键词： dense planting environmental risk mechanical transplanting nitrogen loss rice

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