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The organization and function of the Golgi apparatus in Dendrite development and neurological disorders

Genes & Diseases 2023年第6期10卷 2425-2442页

作者： Meilan Chen Lu Xu Yi Wu Peter Soba Chun Hu Key Laboratory of Brain Cognition and Education SciencesMinistry of Education Institute for BrainScience and RehabilitationSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong 510631China Department of Ophthalmology Guangdong Second Provincial General HospitalGuangzhouGuangdong 510320China LIMES Institute Department of Molecular Brain Physiology and BehaviorUniversity of BonnBonn 53115Germany Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergErlangen 91054Germany

Dendrites are specialized neuronal compartments that sense, integrate and transfer information in the neural network. Their development is tightly controlled and abnormal Dendrite morphogenesis is strongly linked to neurological disorders. While dendritic morphology ranges from relatively simple to extremely complex for a specified neuron, either requires a functional secretory pathway to continually replenish proteins and lipids to meet dendritic growth demands. The Golgi apparatus occupies the center of the secretory pathway and is regulating posttranslational modifications, sorting, transport, and signal transduction, as well as acting as a non-centrosomal microtubule organization center. The neuronal Golgi apparatus shares common features with Golgi in other eukaryotic cell types but also forms distinct structures known as Golgi outposts that specifically localize in Dendrites. However, the organization and function of Golgi in Dendrite development and its impact on neurological disorders is just emerging and so far lacks a systematic summary. We describe the organization of the Golgi apparatus in neurons, review the current understanding of Golgi function in dendritic morphogenesis, and discuss the current challenges and future directions.

关键词： Dendrite Golgi Golgi outposts Microtubule Neurodevelopmental disorders Secretory pathway

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Dual-layer vermiculite nanosheet based hybrid film to suppress Dendrite growth in lithium metal batteries

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2022年第6期31卷 205-210,I0006页

作者： Xiang-Qun Xu Feng-Ni Jiang Shi-Jie Yang Ye Xiao He Liu Fangyang Liu Lei Liu Xin-Bing Cheng Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology Department of Chemical EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education School of Energy and EnvironmentSoutheast UniversityNanjing 211189JiangsuChina School of Metallurgy and Environment Central South UniversityChangsha 410083HunanChina School of Chemistry and Materials Science Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044JiangsuChina Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Taiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan 030024ShanxiChina

Lithium metal anode has become a favorable candidate for next-generation rechargeable batteries.However, the unstable interface between lithium metal and electrolyte leads to the growth of Dendrites,resulting in the low Coulombic efficiency and even the safety concerns. Herein, a rigid-flexible dual-layer vermiculite nanosheet(VN) based organic-inorganic hybrid film on lithium metal anode is proposed to suppress Dendrite growth and relieve volume fluctuations. The inner mechanically robust VN layer(3 μm thick) enhances the mechanical properties of the protective layer, while the outer polymer(4 μm thick) can enhance the flexibility of the hybrid layer. The Li | Li symmetric cell with protected lithium shows an extended life of over 670 h. The full cell with Li anode protected by dual-layer interface exhibits a better capacity retention of 80% after 174 cycles in comparison to bare Li anode with 94 cycles.This study provides a novel approach and a significant step towards prolonging lifespan of lithium metal batteries.

关键词： Lithium metal anode Dendrite Organic-inorganic hybrid layer Dual-layer interface Two-dimensional vermiculite nanosheet

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The Depths and the Attracting Centres for Continuous Maps on a Dendrite Whose Rank is Finite

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2022年第9期38卷 1643-1652页

作者： Guang Wang SU Cai Hong HAN Tai Xiang SUN Lue LI Guangxi Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Cross-border E-commerce Intelligent Information Processing Guangxi University of Finance and EconomicsNanning 530003P.R.China College of Information and Statistics Guangxi University of Finance and EconomicsNanning 530003P.R.China

Let D be a Dendrite and f be a continuous map on D.Denote by R(f),Ω(f)andω(x,f)the set of recurrent points,the set of non-wandering points and the set ofω-limit points of x under f,respectively.WriteΩ_(k+1)(f)=Ω(f|_(()Ω_(k)(f)))andω^(k+1)(f)=∪_(()x∈ω~k(f))ω(x,f)for any positive integer k,whereΩ_(1)(f)=Ω(f)andω(f)=∪_(x∈D)ω(x,f).ω~m(f)is called the attracting centre of f ifω^(m+1)(f)=ω~m(f).In this paper,we show that if the rank of D is n-1,then we have the following results:(1)ω^(n+2)(f)=ω^(n+1)(f)and the attracting centre of f isω^(n+1)(f);(2)Ω_(n+2)(f)=■and the depth of f is at most n+2.Further,if the set of(n-1)-order accumulation points of Br(D)(the set of branch points of D)is a singleton,thenΩ_(n+1)(f)=■and the depth of f is at most n+1.Besides,we show that there exist a Dendrite D_(1)whose rank is n-1 and the set of(n-1)-order accumulation points of Br(D_(1))is a singleton,and a continuous map g on D_(1)such thatω^(n+1)(g)≠ω~n(g)andΩn(f)≠■.

关键词： Dendrite attracting centre depth

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Artificial interphases enable Dendrite-free Li-metal anodes

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2021年第7期30卷 198-206页

作者： Qiankui Zhang Si Liu Yitong Lu Lidan Xing Weishan Li School of Chemistry South China Normal UniversityGuangzhou 510006GuangdongChina National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of MPTES in High Energy and Safety LIBs Engineering Research Center of MTEES(Ministry of Education)and Key Lab.of ETESPG(GHEI)South China Normal UniversityGuangzhou 510006GuangdongChina

Li-metal is an ideal anode that can provide rechargeable batteries with high energy density,but its application in large scale is restricted by its high activity that leads to the severe decomposition of electrolyte components(solvents and salts) and the growth of Li Dendrites.These parasitic reactions are responsible for the cycle life deterioration and the safety accidents of rechargeable Li-metal batteries.Correspondingly,much effort has been made to regulate Li/electrolyte interface chemistry.In this review,we summarize some strategies that have been developed recently to stabilize Li/electrolyte interface by constructing protective interphases on Li-metal anodes.Firstly,the currently available understandings on the instability of Li/electrolyte interface are outlined.Then,artificial interphases recently constructed exsitu and in-situ are illustrated in detail.Finally,possible approaches to acquire more efficiently protective interphases are prospected.

关键词： Li-metal battery Anode Dendrite Interface chemistry Interphase

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Three dimensional porous frameworks for lithium Dendrite suppression

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2020年第5期29卷 73-89页

作者： Shuyan Ni Shuangshuang Tan Qinyou An Liqiang Mai State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing Wuhan University of TechnologyWuhan 430070HubeiChina

Lithium metal is a promising anode material owing to its very low electrochemical potential and ultrahigh specific capacity.However,the growth of lithium Dendrites could result in a short lifespan,low coulombic efficiency,and potential safety hazards during the progress of lithium plating/stripping.These factors drastically hinder its application in lithium metal batteries.This review focuses on the use of three dimensional(3D)porous host frameworks to improve Li plating/stripping behaviors,accommodate the change in volume,and suppress or block lithium Dendrite growth.Various 3D porous frameworks,including the conductive carbon-based,metal-based,and lithiophilic inorganic-compound frameworks are introduced and summarized in detail.The particular functions,relative developments,and optimized strategies of various 3D porous frameworks for lithium deposition/dissolution behaviors are discussed.Moreover,the challenges and promising developments in the field of Li metal anodes will be discussed at the end of this review.

关键词： Lithium metal battery 3D porous frameworks Lithium Dendrite Lithium sulfur batteries Lithium oxygen batteries Li plating/stripping

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Porous LiF layer fabricated by a facile chemical method toward Dendrite-free lithium metal anode

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2019年第10期28卷 197-203页

作者： Yanxia Yuan Feng Wu Guanghai Chen Ying Bai Chuan Wu Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering School of Materials Science & EngineeringBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China Collaborative Innovation Center of Electric Vehicles in Beijing Beijing 100081China

Lithium metal is supposed to be critical material for constructing next-generation batteries due to extremely high capacity and ultralow redox potential. However, the perplexing issue of lithium Dendrite growth impedes the commercial application. The initial nucleation and low Li ions diffusion rate in the electrolyte/electrode interface dominate the deposition behavior. Therefore, a uniform and flexible interface is urgently needed. Here, a facile method is proposed to prepare a thin and porous LiF-rich layer (TPL) by the in-situ reaction of small amount of ammonium hydrogen difluoride (NH4HF2) and Li metal. The deposition morphology on Li metal anode with LiF layer is significantly flat and homogeneous owning to low lateral diffusion barrier on LiF crystals and the porous structure of TPL film. Additionally, the symmetrical cells made with such TPL Li anodes show significantly stable cycling over 100 cycles at high current density of 6 mA/cm^2. The TPL Li|LiFePO4 full cells keep over 99% capacity retention after 100 cycles at 2.0 C. This approach serves as a facile and controllable way of adjusting the protective layer on Li metal.

关键词： Lithium metal anode Porous LiF layer Lithium Dendrite Artificial SEI

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The 3-dimensional morphology of Dendrite during equiaxed solidification of an Al-5 wt.% Cu alloy

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2019年第3期35卷 239-247页

作者： Xiaoping Ma Dianzhong Li Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science Institute of Metal Research Chinese Academy of Sciences

In a sample quenched during equiaxed solidification of an Al-5 wt.% Cu alloy, the multi-scales 3-dimensional morphology of equiaxed Dendrite was observed. The slim primary stem and secondary branches constitute the frame of Dendrite, and rows of dense tertiary branches further divide the 3-dimensional space. In the divided space, the quartic branches grow further. The dendritic branches,which are perpendicular to each other, can change their growth directions and coalesce into a whole. In the tertiary branches and quartic branches, the formation of double branch structures is induced by competitive growth. The branch that wins in the competitive growth will produce a cabbage-like structure by wrapping the failed branches. In addition, the side branch can also wrap the original parent branch to produce cabbage-like structures. Depending on the historical growth direction, the dendritic arms can form vein-like and spicate structures, and the shapes of single dendritic arm may be the cylinder, plate and trapezoid platform. According to the compositions and etching morphology, the single dendritic arm in the final solidification structures should coalesce from a fine porous structure. The porous structures at different length-scales are principally induced by the preferential growth. Based on 3-dimensional morphology of equiaxed Dendrite, a new research object for the investigation of microsegregation was suggested.

关键词： Equiaxed Dendrite 3-Dimensional morphology Competitive growth Coalescence Segregation

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Homogenous charge distribution by free-standing porous structure for Dendrite-free Li metal anode

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2020年第5期29卷 68-72页

作者： Danmiao Kang Kun Tang Joonho Koh Wenbin Liang John PLemmon Present address:Shangshang Road 87.Liyang JiangsuChina.a National Institute of Clean-and-Low-Carbon EnergyFuture Science&Technology CityChangping DistrictBeijing 102209China NICE America Research 2091 Stierlin CtMountain ViewCA 94043United States

Lithium metal has a high theoretical capacity of 3860 mAh g^-1 and a low electrochemical potential(-3.04 V vs.H2/H^+).Hence,using a lithium anode significantly improves the energy density of a secondary battery.However,the lithium Dendrites generated on the lithium anode during the platingdissolution process significantly reduce its cycling life and safety.Here,we provide a simple method for lithium anode protection,by applying a free-standing porous carbon film with a high specific surface area to reduce the local current density and obtain a homogenous ion distribution.The protected lithium anode has a long cycle life over 1000 h when cycled at 3 mA cm^-2 with a lithium capacity of 2.5 mAh cm^-2.Moreover,the deposited lithium has a smoother surface than Li anode without carbon protection.This study will promote the wide application of Li-metal-based batteries with high safety levels.

关键词： Li-metal Carbon interlayer Dendrite Charge distribution

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Primary Dendrite growth kinetics and rapid solidification mechanism of highly undercooled Ti-Al alloys

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2020年第5期40卷 47-53页

作者： Z.C.Luo H.P.Wang Department of Applied Physics Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072China

The rapid solidification processes of undercooled Ti-(47,50,54)at.%Al alloys were investigated by electromagnetic levitation(EML)method combined with a high-speed photoelectric detector.The maximum undercoolings of the three liquid alloys were 376 K,352 K and 316 K,respectively.Recalescence processes corresponding to the primary Dendrite growth and subsequent phase transition were recorded at various undercoolings.The primary Dendrite growth velocity V meets a double exponential relationship with the undercooling T.Besides,a novel formula with physical meaning is proposed to explain that the more ordered liquid metal atoms accelerate the primary Dendrite growth.Three recalescences are found at all undercoolings for Ti-47 at.%Al alloy and at high undercoolings for Ti-50 at.%Al alloy.The microstructures of solidified Ti-47 at.%Al alloys successively appear as coarse lamellar Dendrites and finally evolve to refined parallel lamellar Dendrites with the increasing undercooling.When T rises,the microstructures of solidified Ti-50 at.%Al alloys appear from coarse primary Dendrites and interdendritic Dendrites to refined lamellar Dendrites.In the process from low undercooling to high undercooling,the primary phase of undercooled Ti-54 at.%Al alloys changes from r-Ti(r)to r-TiAl(r)and the microstructures of solidified alloys evolve from spherical primary Dendrites and matrix phases to cellular Dendrite phases.Meanwhile,for the Ti-(47,50)at.%Al,the transformation temperature of metastable intermediateγphase decreases with the increase of undercooling.Moreover,the microhardness of the three solidified alloys reaches the maximum when the undercoolings are 185 K,270 K and 316 K,respectively.

关键词： Electromagnetic levitation Rapid solidification Dendrite growth Microstructure Microhardness

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Chemically engineered Dendrite growth of uniform monolayers MoS_(2) for enhanced photoluminescence[Invited]

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Chinese Optics Letters 2022年第1期20卷 94-100页

作者：苏欢欢张会珍吴文静王翔王广厚周林 National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures School of PhysicsCollege of Engineering and Applied SciencesNanjing UniversityNanjing 210093China Department of Electrical Engineering The Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvania 16802USA

Large area and uniform monolayer MoS_(2)is of great importance for optoelectronic devices but is commonly suffering from rather weak photoluminescence.Here,by engineering the concentration profiles of gaseous chemicals through extra trace amounts of water,we demonstrate the uniform Dendrite-type growth of monolayer MoS_(2)unraveled by spatially resolved fluorescence spectroscopy,which exhibits macroscopic monolayer flakes [up to centimeter scale] with photoluminescence intensity of orders of magnitude higher than conventional chemical vapor deposition monolayer MoS_(2).Both spectroscopic evidence and theoretical models reveal that the fast-fractal Dendrite growth can be ascribed to the extra introduced water sources that generate sufficient aqueous gas around the S-poor regions nearby the central-axis zone,leading to highly efficient Mo sources transport,accelerated S atom corrosion nearby grain edges,and/or defect sites,as well as enhanced photoemission intensity.Our results may provide new insight for high throughput fabrication of MoS_(2)monolayers with high yield photoluminescence efficiency.

关键词： spectroscopy monolayers MoS_(2) photoluminescence enhancement Dendrite chemical vapor deposition

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