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Overview of research and development of nearly zero energy buildings in China

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National Science Open 2024年第3期3卷 70-87页

作者： Zhen Yu Caifeng Gao Jiaxin Yang Jianlin Wu Huan Zhang Institute of Building Environment and Energy China Academy of Building Research

In recent years,the promotion of nearly zero-energy buildings(NZEBs) in China has emerged as a crucial step for the building industry in shifting towards a green and low-carbon future.Starting from scratch,the development of NZEBs in China has included the application and fundamental research,the compilation of national and local standards,and the rapid emergence of projects encompassing 23.89 million square meters nationwide.These efforts have yielded preliminary results in national standards,technology systems,technical roadmaps,and large-scale project demonstrations.However,challenges,including further reducing incremental costs,developing industries for retrotitting existing buildings into NZEBs,and expanding the range of policy incentives,remain to be addressed.This article provides an overview of the last decade's progress in NZEBs in China,covering key technological research,policy development,engineering demonstrations,and the current industrial development status.Finally,the prospects of the NZEB industry are discussed.

关键词： nearly zero-energy buildings (NZEB) overview cost incentive policy demonstration

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Fields of Promise

ChinAfrica 2024年第6期16卷 40-41页

作者： INNOCENT NDAYIZIGIYE 不详

Burundi and China enjoy close collaboration in a number of sectors,particularly agriculture.Among the major initiatives,the introduction of hybrid rice cultivation stands out as a flagship project.In 2018,the first demonstration village for hybrid rice cultivation was established in the commune of Gihanga in northwestern Burundi.In 2020,this initiative reached a crucial stage with the creation of the Burundi Agricultural Pilot Centre(APC),located in Gihanga in the province of Bubanza.A total of 56 villages spread across 11 of Burundi’s 18 provinces have been selected for demonstration as of now.Yang Huade,head of the team of high-level Chinese agricultural experts supporting Burundi and a rice cultivation specialist who is also in charge of the APC,revealed that trials are currently underway in four provinces:the capital Gitega,the central province of Muramvya,and the northern provinces of Ngozi and Kayanza.

关键词： supporting cultivation demonstration

Optimal design and development of PV-wind-battery based nano-grid system: a field-on-laboratory demonstration

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Frontiers in Energy 2019年第2期13卷 269-283页

作者： B.TUDU K.K.MANDAL N.CHAKRABORTY Department of Power Engineering Jadavpur UniversityKolkata 700098India

The present paper has disseminated the design approach, project implementation, and economics of a nano-grid system. The deployment of the system is envisioned to acculturate the renewable technology into Indian society by field-on-laboratory demonstration (FOLD) and ''bridge the gaps between research, develop-ment, and implementation.The system consists of a solar photovoltaic (PV)(2.4 kWp), a wind turbine (3.2 kWp), and a battery bank (400 Ah). Initially, a prefeasibility study is conducted using the well-established HOMER (hybrid optimization model for electric renewable) software developed by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), USA. The feasibility study indicates that the optimal capacity for the nano-grid system consists of a 2.16 kWp solar PV, a 3 kWp wind turbine, a 1.44 kW inverter, and a 24 kWh battery bank. The total net present cost (TNPC) and cost of energy (COE) of the system are US$20789.85 and US$0.673/kWh,respectively. However, the hybrid system consisting of a 2.4 kWp of solar PV,a 3.2 kWp of wind turbine, a 3 kVA of inverter, and a 400 Ah of battery bank has been installed due to unavailability of system components of desired values and to enhance the reliability of the system.The TNPC and COE of the system installed are found to be US$20073.63 and US$0,635/kWh, respectively and both costs are largely influenced by battery cost. Besides, this paper has illustrated the installation details of each component as well as of the system. Moreover, it has discussed the detailed cost breakup of the system. Furthermore, the performance of the system has been investigated and validated with the simulation results. It is observed that the power generated from the PV system is quite significant and is almost uniform over the year. Contrary to this, a trivial wind velocity prevails over the year apart from the month of April,May,and June,so does the power yield. This research demonstration provides a pathway for future planning of scaled-up hybrid energy systems or microgrid in this region of I

关键词： photovoltaic (PV) wind battery nano-grid hybrid optimization model for electric renewable (HOMER) field-on-lab demonstration (FOLD)

Evaluation of Women’s Contribution in Agroforestry demonstration through Moringa Species Introduction in Western Oromia,Ethiopia

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Journal of Botanical Research 2023年第1期5卷 22-29页

作者： Mezgebu Senbeto Duguma Fikadu Kitaba Tola Dawit Samuel Teshome Oromia Agricultural Research Institute Bako Agricultural Research CenterP.O.Box:03BakoEthiopia

Agroforestry technologies are very keen practices in most small-scale farming systems where gender issues are not well considered in most developing countries.Moringa is a tropical plant that consists of 13 species,while five of them are found in Ethiopia.This study aimed to evaluate the potential and contribution of women in agroforestry demonstrations where Moringa oleifera and Moringa stenopetala are introduced in farmers’fields.Selection of the best performing moringa species and preferred by farmers for further scaling up was also another objective.The activity was conducted in five districts of west and east Wallagga zones.A total of 10 FREG comprising 150 farmers were established.The two moringa species were planted on 100 farmers’fields where 50 women and 50 men were purposively selected and given responsibilities of moringa demonstration.Leaflets and practical training on moringa production,importance and utilization were prepared and given to all concerned bodies.84%of women and only 32%of men effectively demonstrated the moringa species.A total of 200 farmers were interviewed to evaluate and select the best from the two species depending on their growth performance,fresh leaf taste and odor,and survival rate.Based on the above criteria,143(71.5%)farmers preferred Moringa oleifera.In general,the two moringa species were performed well in most places,and its utilization started at household level.Finally,the authors recommend that women are the potential for demonstrating agroforestry technologies,and Moringa oleifera is a more preferred species in western Oromia.

关键词： Agroforestry demonstration Feedback Growth performance Moringa Women

demonstration on the Tropic of Cancer Passing through Fujian of China

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Meteorological and Environmental Research 2017年第2期8卷 1-4,12页

作者： Liang Daping Guangdong Ecological Society Guangzhou 510663 China

The Tropic of Cancer is an ecological line closely touching with mankind,and takes 23°26'17″ N as the standard. Its passing provincial territory certainly includes the administered land,island and sea area. In view of that relative southern latitude of the provincial territory passed by the Tropic of Cancer must be smaller than 23°26'17″ N,by measuring map of Fujian sea area and integrating related arguments,the sea area administered by Fujian Province is between 23°31' and 23°09' N from the north to the south. The Tropic of Cancer passes through the sea area administered by Zhao'an County and Dongshan County of Zhangzhou City,Fujian Province,which verifies that the Tropic of Cancer passes through Fujian Province. It is ocean century in the 21^(st) century. Under the new international normal,by analysis and demonstration on the Tropic of Cancer passing through Fujian Province,it makes us concern the Tropic of Cancer in sea area besides that on the land. Only so,it could systematically and fully discuss,recognize and manage the Tropic of Cancer.

关键词： The Tropic of Cancer Fujian Sea area demonstration China

Three-dimensional coherent ladar based on FMCW and its flight demonstration

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Chinese Optics Letters 2019年第9期17卷 89-94页

作者：卢智勇鲁伟周煜孙建锋许倩王利娟 Key Laboratory of Space Laser Communication and Detection Technology Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences

A scanning three-dimensional coherent laser radar(ladar) based on the frequency modulated continuous wave(FMCW) is proposed and demonstrated, which can obtain many three-dimensional high-quality images. The system utilizes an electro-optic modulator and an optical filter to output a linear FMCW with a bandwidth of 2 GHz. The flexible and variable rotating double prism is used for beam scanning. The images of flight demonstration are formed by attitude compensation correction. The experiment result validates the performance of our system for airborne three-dimensional scanning imaging.

关键词： Three-dimensional coherent ladar based FMCW flight demonstration

Experimental demonstration of an electrically tunable broadband coherent perfect absorber based on a graphene–electrolyte–graphene sandwich structure

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Photonics Research 2019年第8期7卷 868-874页

作者： JIN ZHANG XINGZHAN WEI MALIN PREMARATNE WEIREN ZHU Department of Electronic Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240China Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology Chinese Academy of SciencesChongqing400714China Advanced Computing and Simulation Laboratory(AχL) Department of Electrical and Computer Systems EngineeringMonash UniversityClaytonVictoria3800Australia

We propose and experimentally demonstrate the operation of an electrically tunable, broadband coherent perfect absorption(CPA) at microwave frequencies by harnessing the CPA features of a graphene–electrolyte–graphene sandwich structure(GSS). Using both a simplified lumped circuit model and full-wave numerical simulation, it is found that the microwave coherent absorptivity of the GSS can be tuned dynamically from nearly 50% to 100% by changing the Fermi level of the graphene. Strikingly, our simplified lumped circuit model agrees very well with the full-wave numerical model, offering valuable insight into the CPA operation of the device. The angle dependency of coherent absorption in the GSS is further investigated, making suggestions for achieving CPA at wide angles up to 80°. To show the validity and accuracy of our theory and numerical simulations, a GSS prototype is fabricated and measured in a C-band waveguide system. The reasonably good agreement between the experimental and the simulated results confirms that the tunable coherent absorption in GSS can be electrically controlled by changing the Fermi level of the graphene.

关键词： GSS electrolyte Experimental demonstration

WMO TYPHOON LANDFALL FORECAST demonstration PROJECT(WMO-TLFDP) PROGRESS AND FUTURE PLANS

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Tropical Cyclone Research and Review 2016年第3期5卷 72-84页

作者： Xiaotu Lei Hui Yu Guomin Chen Barbara Brown Sai Tick Chan Ajit Tyagi Shanghai Typhoon Institute National Center for Atmospheric Research Hongkong Observatory Indian Meteorological Society

The "WMO Typhoon Landfall Forecast demonstration Project(TLFDP)" was started in May 2010 in conjunction with the start of the Shanghai World Expo 2010. The project was successful in terms of assisting the local forecasters in providing an efficient tropical cyclone(TC) forecast service for World Expo 2010, demonstrating the performance of the most up-to-date techniques in TC forecasting, and enhancing the ability of forecasters to effectively use products based on advanced TC forecasting techniques. The first phase was completed in December 2012 and the second phase was completed in December 2015. The third phase(TLFDP-III) started in 2016.During its first(2010-2012) and second(2013-2015) phases, TLFDP collected real-time TC forecast products from 15 Typhoon Forecast Product Providers(TFPPs). The products include deterministic track and intensity forecasts, ensemble track and intensity forecasts, deterministic wind radii forecasts, wind probability forecasts, and gridded model outputs. The products were disseminated through the project's website and the operational website of the Shanghai Typhoon Warning Center.TLFDP has made significant progress in TC forecast verification, including setting up the tools for both realtime and post-season TC forecast verification, developing and integrating several new verification techniques, carrying out a survey on the operational status of TC forecast verification in the western North Pacific region, and contributing to the WMO document "Verification of tropical cyclone forecasts". The post-season forecast verification was reported to the Session of the UNESCAP/WMO Typhoon Committee since 2013. New consensus methods for TC track and intensity forecasts were also proposed either based on Ensemble Prediction Systems(EPSs) products or multiple deterministic NWP model products. Two training workshops on TC forecasting were organized by the TLFDP and held in Shanghai, China, in May 2010 and June 2012, respectively, and seven research fellowship projects were implemented as jointly

关键词： WMO Forecast demonstration Project typhoon landfall evaluation and assessment

Effectiveness of Enriched demonstration and Lecture Instructional Strategies on Senior Secondary School Students’Achievement in Chemistry

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Journal of Contemporary Educational Research 2018年第1期2卷 1-9页

作者： Lawrence Achimugu Department of Science Education Kogi State UniversityAnyigbaNigeria

The study determined the relative effectiveness of enriched demonstration and lecture instructional strategies on senior secondary school students’achievement in Chemistry.To achieve this,two research questions and three hypotheses were formulated to guide the study.Quasi-experimental design:specifically the pre-test,post-test,nonequivalent and non-randomized control group was adopted for the study.A total sample of one hundred and sixty-six(166)SS 1 students,drawn using multistage sampling technique were used for the study.The instrument used for data collection was Chemistry Achievement Test(CAT,r=0.82).Mean and standard deviation were used to answer the research questions,while analysis of covariance(ANCOVA)was used to test the hypotheses.Findings from the study revealed that:there is significant difference between the achievement of students exposed to two enriched instructional strategies and those exposed to enriched traditional lecture strategy;there is no significant difference between male and female students exposed to the three modes of instructional strategies;and there is no significant interaction effect between the instructional strategies and gender.It was recommended that chemistry educators should focus attention on reforming or enriching the traditional instructional strategies and that chemistry teachers should particularly make use of the enriched demonstration strategy in their classroom interactions,among others.

关键词： effectiveness enriched demonstration enriched lecture instructional strategy students’achievement in chemistry