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Traffic sign vandalism and demographics of local population:A case study in Utah

Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2016年第3期3卷 192-202页

作者： Majid Khalilikhah Kevin Heaslip Kathleen Hancock Smart Urban Mobility Lab Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State UniuersityFalls ChurchVA 22043USA Department of Civil&Environmental Engineering Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State UniversityArlingtonVA 22203USA Department of Civil&Environmental Engineering Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State UniversityFalls ChurchVA 22043USA

Among the different types of traffic sign damage, vandalism is exclusively caused by humans. Traffic sign vandalism is a serious concern, since it can lead to an increase in unsafe driving behaviors. In addition, it results in increased costs to transportation agencies to replace, repair, or maintain the vandalized signs. This paper examines the association between the local population demographics and traffic sign vandalism rates in the State of Utah. To accomplish this goal, sign data of over 97,000 traffic signs across Utah were digitally collected by an equipped vehicle. Sign damage data were obtained from the inspection of daytime digital images taken of each individual sign. Demographic data of Utah＇s counties, including population density, ethnicity, age, income, education, and gender, were obtained from the U.S. Census. The association between demographic groups and vandalism rates was tested using chi-square and trend tests. The results reveal that the most statistically significant variables comprise median household income, completion of at least an associate degree, and population density. According to the fitted linear regression model, a relationship exists between sign vandalism rate and local population demographic. The findings of this investigation can assist transportation agencies in identifying areas with a higher likelihood of sign vandalism, based on demographic characteristics. Such information can then be used to encourage scheduled sign inspections and to implement various countermeasures to prevent sign vandalism.

关键词： Traffic sign vandalism Mobile-based data collection demographics Statistical methods

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Major depressive disorders in patients with inflammatory bowel disease and rheumatoid arthritis

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2023年第4期11卷 764-779页

作者： Maryam Bilal Haider Brinda Basida Jasleen Kaur Department of Internal Medicine Detroit Medical CenterWayne State UniversitySinai Grace HospitalDetroitMI 48235United States Department of Geriatrics Rohde Island Hospital/Brown UniversityProvidenceRI 02903United States Department of Rheumatology St.Mary’s Ascension/Central Michigan UniversitySaginawMI 48601United States

BACKGROUND Various immune-mediated inflammatory diseases consisting of inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)and rheumatoid arthritis(RA),are found to have a substantial societal burden,increased healthcare costs,and progressive disability.Studies suggest that patients with vs without comorbid depression have a more significant disability,a lower likelihood of remission,and reduced adherence to therapy.Elevated interleukin(IL)-1β,tumor necrosis factor-α,and IL-6 contribute to developing depression by the impaired physiological responses to stress,resulting in increased pain,fever,fatigue,and lack thereof of interest,and thus poor long-term outcomes.This study emphasizes the timely recognition of the prevalence of major depressive disorder(MDD)in patients with RA and IBD combined,thus preventing disability.AIM To identify the prevalence level and temporal trends of depression in hospitalized IBD-RA patients.METHODS All adult hospitalized patients from January 2000 to December 2019 in the nationwide inpatient sample(NIS)were captured.The study population included all patients with a primary or secondary IBD-RA overlap disease using corresponding international classification of diseases(ICD)-9 and ICD-10 codes.IBD includes Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.The study population was divided into IBD-RA without MDD(controls)and IBD-RA with MDD(cases).For group comparison between MDD vs no MDD,we used Student’s t-test for continuous variables and RaoScott Chi-square tests for categorical variables.For univariate analyses,we used logistic regression,and for multivariate analysis,we used a weighted multi-level mixed-effects model.We attested all hypotheses with two-tailed significance level of 0.05(P<0.05 was considered significant).The outcome is to examine the temporal trends and prevalence of depression in patients with IBD-RA by gender,race,and age.RESULTS A total of 133315 records were identified with IBD-RA overlap,of which 26155 patients(19.62%)had MDD.Among the IBD-RA patients,those who had MDD were younger[mean age

关键词： Inflammatory bowel disease Rheumatoid arthritis Depression Multimorbidity Epidemiology demographics

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Hereditary hemochromatosis:Temporal trends,sociodemographic characteristics,and independent risk factor of hepatocellular cancer–nationwide population-based study

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World Journal of Hepatology 2022年第9期14卷 1804-1816页

作者： Maryam Bilal Haider Ali Al Sbihi Ahmed Jamal Chaudhary Syed M Haider Ahmed Iqbal Edhi Department of Internal Medicine Detroit Medical CenterWayne State UniversitySinai Grace HospitalDetroitMI 48235United States System Science Binghamton UniversityBinghamtonNY 13902United States Department of Gastroenterology William Beaumont HospitalRoyal OakMI 48073United States

BACKGROUND Hereditary hemochromatosis(HH)has an increased risk of hepatocellular cancer(HCC)both due to genetic risks and iron overload as iron overload can be carcinogenic;HH impacts the increasing risk of HCC,not only through the development of cirrhosis but concerning hepatic iron deposition,which has been studied further recently.AIM To evaluate HH yearly trends,patient demographics,symptoms,comorbidities,and hospital outcomes.The secondary aim sheds light on the risk of iron overload for developing HCC in HH patients,independent of liver cirrhosis complications.The study investigated HH(without cirrhosis)as an independent risk factor for HCC.METHODS We analyzed data from National Inpatient Sample(NIS)Database,the largest national inpatient data collection in the United States,and selected HH and HCC cohorts.HH was first defined in 2011 International Classification of Disease-9th edition(ICD-9)as a separate diagnosis;the HH cohort is extracted from January 2011 to December 2019 using 275.01(ICD-9)and E83.110(ICD-10)diagnosis codes of HH.Patients were excluded from the HH cohort if they had a primary or secondary diagnostic code of cirrhosis(alcoholic,non-alcoholic,and biliary),viralhepatitis,alcoholic liver disease,non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD),and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH).We removed these patients from the HH cohort to rule out bias or ICD-10 diagnostic errors.The HCC cohort is selected from January 2011 to December 2019 using the ICD-9 and ICD-10 codes of HCC.We selected a non-HCC cohort with the 1:1 fixed ratio nearest neighbor(greedy)propensity score method using the patients'age,gender,and race.We performed multivariate analysis for the risk factors of HCC in the HCC and non-HCC matched cohort.We further analyzed HH without cirrhosis(removing HH patients with a diagnosis of cirrhosis)as an independent risk factor of HCC after adjusting all known risk factors of HCC in the multivariate model.RESULTS During the 2011-2019 period,a total of 18031 hospitalizations with a primary or secon

关键词： Hereditary hemochromatosis Hepatocellular carcinoma,cirrhosis Hepatitis Diabetes mellitus Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis Wilson disease Alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency Blood transfusion Epidemiology demographics Big data Hospitalization

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Racial demographics in an Urban Movement Disorders Clinic

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Advances in Parkinson's Disease 2017年第3期6卷 86-92页

作者： Chantale O. Branson Luke Quehl Raymond James Janice Weinberg Anna D. Hohler Marie-Helene Saint-Hilaire Department of Neurology Boston University Medical Center Boston MA USA Boston University School of Medicine Boston MA USA Boston University School of Public Health Boston MA USA

Objective: To assess the prevalence of Parkinson’s disease (PD) among African- Americans compared to non-Hispanic Whites in a tertiary urban Movement Disorders center. Background: Contributing factors in the prevalence of Parkinson’s disease (PD) based on race may improve health disparities in the United States. According to the largest study analyzing prevalence and incidence of PD among Medicare beneficiaries, the ratio of African-Americans (AA) to Caucasians in the general Medicare population is 9%, while the prevalence ratio of PD among AA compared to Caucasians is approximately 5%. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of African-American patients with PD in the movement disorders database at Boston Medical Center, which is the largest safety net hospital in New England. The demographics of the patients seen in the general neurology clinic are 30.57% AA and 38.06% non-Hispanic Caucasian. Results: The Movement disorders database included 488 patients, 327 of whom had PD. Of these, 287 were Caucasians and 18 were of African descent. Based on our clinic population the expected PD case ratio among AA compared to Caucasians was approximately 49%. The actual race ratio in patients of African descent compared to Caucasian was 6%, which was substantially lower than expected at Boston Medical Center. Conclusion: The demographics of the PD patients in our movement disorders clinic do not reflect the population at Boston Medical Center, or the demographics of our neurology clinic as a whole.

关键词： Racial demographics Urban Movement Disorders Clinic

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Demographic Characteristics and Environmental Risk Factors Exposure of Birth Defects in Pregnant Women: A Population-based Study

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2019年第1期32卷 51-57页

作者： LIN Hong LUO Mi Yang LUO Jia You ZENG Rong LI Ya Mei DU Qi Yun FANG Jun Qun Xiangya School of Public Health Central South University Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health National University of Singapore Xiangya Hospital of Central South University Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital

Worldwide, the incidence of birth defects in low-income countries is 6.42%, while in middle-income and high-income countries it is 5.57% and 4.72%, respectively;approximately 303, 000 newborns die from birth defects each year. In China, the incidence of birth defects is about 5.6%, and around 8.14 million people have congenital disabilities, accounting for 9.6% of total disabled people[1]. Birth defect remains a major clinical and public health challenge because of its high fatality rate and protracted and severe sequela.

关键词： Birth defects demographics Environmental risk factors

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The association of layperson characteristics with the quality of simulated cardiopulmonary resuscitation performance

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2017年第1期8卷 12-18页

作者： Marion Leary David G.BucMer Daniel J.Ikeda Daiane A.Saraiva Robert A.Berg Vinay M.Nadkarni Audrey L.Blewer Benjamin S.Abella Center for Resuscitation Science and Department of Emergency Medicine Department of Emergency MedicinePerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA School of Nursing University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA Children's Hospital of Philadelphia PhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA

BACKGROUND: Few studies have examined the association of layperson characteristics with cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR) provision. Previous studies suggested provider characteristics, including age and gender, were associated with CPR quality, particularly chest compression(CC) depth. We sought to determine the association of subject characteristics, including age and gender with layperson CPR quality during an unannounced simulated CPR event. We hypothesized shallower CC depth in females, and older-aged subjects.METHODS: As part of a larger multicenter randomized controlled trial of CPR training for cardiac patients' caregivers, CPR skills were assessed 6 months after training. We analyzed associations between subject characteristics and CC rate, CC depth and no-? ow time. Each variable was analyzed independently; signi? cant predictors determined via univariate analysis were assessed in a multivariate regression model.RESULTS: A total of 521 laypersons completed a 6-month CPR skills assessment and were included in the analysis. Mean age was 51.8±13.7 years, 75% were female, 57% were Caucasian. Overall, mean CC rate was 88.5±25.0 per minute, CC depth was 50.9±2.0 mm, and mean no-flow time was 15.9±2.7 sec/min. CC depth decreased signi? cantly in subjects >62 years(P62 years and female gender are associated with shallower CC depth.

关键词： Cardiac arrest Cardiopulmonary resuscitation Bystander CPR quality Layperson demographics

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Coping with Covid

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Health 2022年第9期14卷 949-963页

作者： Adrian Furnham Department of Leadership and Organisational Behaviour Norwegian Business School (BI) Nydalveien Olso Norway

Aim and Objective: What determines how people coped with the challenges of adapting to the Covid-19 pandemic restrictions and requirements? In four studies, conducted in 2021, groups of European adults (N>1800) noted how they had personally coped with Covid-19. Method: In each study, participants reported on their age, sex and education, their political and religious beliefs, as well as giving self-ratings and completing a number of standard tests on such things as their personality, intelligence and belief in conspiracy theories. Results: In the first study, sex, self-esteem, optimism and intelligence were significant predictors of self-assessed coping. In the second study, only optimism and emotional stability were significant predictors. In the third study, sex, optimism, self-esteem and ratings of change were related to coping. In the fourth study, self-esteem was the only significant predictor. Discussion: The results suggest that optimistic, better adjusted people, with higher self-esteem claim to be better copers. Age, education as well as political and religious beliefs and many personality measures were not related to self-reported coping with Covid-19. Implications for targeting those who require most help were discussed, and limitations were acknowledged.

关键词： Covid Vaccine demographics Ideology Intelligence Self-Esteem Personality Optimism

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Personal Correlates of Covid-19 Vaccine Hesitancy

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Health 2022年第1期14卷 38-45页

作者： Adrian Furnham Department of Leadership and Organisational Behaviour Norwegian Business School (BI) Nydalveien Olso Norway

The aim of the study was to examine some overlooked individual difference (demography, ideology, ability) correlates of attitudes to being vaccinated with the Covid-19 vaccine. Six hundred and sixteen adults were asked about receiving the COVID-19 vaccine. The relationship between demographic (age, sex, education), ideology (political and religious beliefs), intelligence (cognitive ability) and attitudes to vaccination (acceptance, hesitancy, rejection) was examined. Correlations and regressions indicated that vaccine hesitancy and rejection were associated primarily with intelligence and political beliefs as well as mental illness history, as well as religious beliefs. Effect sizes were however small. Limitations are acknowledged.

关键词： Covid Vaccine demographics Ideology Intelligence

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China’s pension system and reform:an OECD perspective

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Economic and Political Studies 2016年第4期4卷 345-367页

作者： Monika Queisser Andrew Reilly Yuwei Hu Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development ParisFrance China Institute of Finance and Capital Market BeijingChina

Population ageing is a worldwide phenomenon,but the speed and scale of ageing are much greater in China than in most other countries.This paper discusses the key demographic indicators of the population in China and provides a comparison with Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development(OECD)countries.The evolution of the Chinese pension system is summarised before concentrating on the current structure for both public-and private-sector workers as well as rural and urban residents.The level of future pension promises for full career workers is calculated and compared with those of selected OECD countries.Possible future challenges are highlighted as China seeks to achieve an adequate and sustainable pension system.The paper highlights the issue of high level of pensioner poverty in comparison to many OECD countries as well as the low retirement age,particularly for women,despite China’s relatively high employment rates for older workers.

关键词： demographics population ageing pension system

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Market segmentation and its applications intransit industry

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 1999年第4期9卷 371-377页

作者： ZHANG Yun-quan, YAN Xiao-pei, HE Chong-ming (Center for Urban and Regional Studies, Zhongshan University, Guangzhou 510275 Guangzhou Transport Planning Research institute, Guangzhou 510030)decade, expanding as the task of attracting new riders or maintaining existing riders has become

The role of marketing in the transit industry has undergone numerous changes in past morecomplicated. The paper identifies application of market segmentation, including its definition,characteristics, functions and limitations. Its applications in transit system are extensively reviewed,including travel demand analysis, transport policy, transport planning and management, travel pattern and behavior, transit marketing and mode choices, etc.

关键词： market segmentation, transport demand demographics psychographics data analysis approach

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