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Photoelectron pitch angle distribution near Mars and implications on cross terminator magnetic field connectivity

Earth and Planetary Physics 2020年第1期4卷 17-22页

作者： YuTian Cao Jun Cui XiaoShu Wu JiaHao Zhong Key Laboratory of Lunar and Deep Space Exploration National Astronomical ObservatoriesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100012China School of Astronomy and Space Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China School of Atmospheric Sciences Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai Guangdong 519082China Center for Excellence in Comparative Planetology Chinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230026China

The photoelectron peak at 22 27 eV, a distinctive feature of the energetic electron distribution in the dayside Martian ionosphere, is a useful diagnostic of solar extreme ultraviolet (EUV) and X-ray ionization as well as of large-scale transport along magnetic field lines. In this work, we analyze the pitch angle distribution (PAD) of energetic electrons at 22 27 eV measured during several representative Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN) orbits, based on the electron spectra gathered by MAVEN’s Solar Wind Electron Analyzer (SWEA) instrument. On the dayside, most photoelectron spectra show an isotropic PAD as is expected from production via solar EUV/X-ray ionization. The photoelectron spectra occasionally observed on the nightside show instead a strongly anisotropic PAD, indicative of cross-terminator transport along ambient magnetic field lines. This would in turn predict the presence of dayside photoelectrons, also with a strongly anisotropic PAD, which was indeed revealed in SWEA data. Comparison with magnetic field measurements made by the MAVEN Magnetometer suggests that on average the photoelectrons with anisotropic PAD stream away from Mars on the dayside and towards Mars on the nightside, further supporting the scenario of day-to-night transport. On both sides, anisotropic photoelectrons tend to be observed above the photoelectron exobase at ~160 km where photoelectron transport dominates over local production and energy degradation.

关键词： Mars MAVEN photoelectron day-to-night transport

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