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Recovery of bird communities following the construction of a large-scale hydroelectric dam

Ecological Processes 2021年第1期10卷 408-417页

作者： Affan Nasruddin-Roshidi Mohammad Saiful Mansor Nor Adibah Ismail Ehwan Ngadi Mohd Izzat-Husna Shahril Mod Husin Farah Shafawati Mohd-Taib Rahmah Illias Shukor Md Nor Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology Faculty of Science and TechnologyUniversiti Kebangsaan Malaysia43600 BangiSelangorMalaysia Kolej GENIUS Insan Universiti Sains Islam MalaysiaBandar Baru Nilai71800 NilaiNegeri SembilanMalaysia TNB Research Sdn Bhd No.1Kawasan Institusi PenyelidikanJalan Ayer Itam43000 KajangSelangorMalaysia Department of Wildlife and National Parks(PERHILITAN) Km.10Jln Cheras56100 Kuala LumpurWilayah PersekutuanMalaysia.

Background:Habitat degradation is known to have a major impact on the composition of bird communities,yet how these communities recover following such disturbance is less *** study examined bird community changes from pre-logging to recovery over the course of habitat disturbance caused by the development of the Hulu Terengganu Hydroelectric dam Project in Peninsular Malaysia,between 2007 and *** surveys were conducted using point count observations and mist netting in the dam area from the prelogging phase until the operation ***:It was observed that while bird species significantly declined after large-scale habitat clearance between the pre-logging and construction phases,they showed positive signs of recovery from the inundation to operation *** findings indicate that the bird community is still recovering,and the permanent loss of habitat required by most of the original species has not occurred,as evidenced by *** species composition differed across phases due to varying habitat *** turnover rate and immigration rate(recolonisation and newly recorded species)were higher between the construction and operation *** was also observed that insectivorous birds were more heavily affected than others by changes to the landscape,which highlights the versatility,survivability and tolerance of certain species to extreme disturbance and habitat ***:Although the operation phase showed an incremental change in bird species richness due to recolonisation and newly recorded species,this value remains far from that of the pre-logging *** predict that bird species recovery will continue to increase for some time before reaching a plateau among the newly created islands,reservoir and catchment area of the dam.

关键词： dam construction Extinction Habitat recovery Recolonisation Turnover

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THE construction OF ERTAN dam

THE CONSTRUCTION OF ERTAN DAM

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International Conference of Hydropower PROCEEDINGS

作者： WU Shiyong Ertan Hydropower Development Company Ltd Shuanglin Road 98 Chengdu Sichuan Province.

＜正＞ Ertan Hydropower Station is the largest power station completed in the 20th century in China and the 240m high Ertan double-curvature concrete arch dam ranks No.3 in the world. Because of the World Bank loan, Ertan Joint Venture Sponsored by Impregilo Italy, was chosen as the contnactor to Implement construction of Entan dam through the international competitive bidding. The construction of dam introduced top level construction and management experience. This article describes whole process of the dam construction including the preparatory work, excavation and treatment of the dam foundation, placement of dam concrete in detail. The experience of Ertan dam could provide beneficiary reference to similar project.

关键词： Ertan dam construction concrete

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Impacts of hydropower-induced flow alterations on composition and diversity of riparian vegetation in the Western Himalayas: A case study in Uttarakhand, India

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第4期21卷 1272-1286页

作者： Dharmveer KAINTURA Sabyasachi DASGUPTA Dhanpal Singh CHAUHAN Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University Srinagar Garhwal 246174India Tripura University SuryamaninagarAgartala 799022India

The increasing demand for water and energy resources has led to widespread dam construction,particularly in ecologically sensitive regions like the Himalayan *** study focuses on the Uttarakhand state in the Western Himalayas,where hydroelectric projects(HEPs)have significantly altered river flow *** research investigates the impact of flow alterations on the composition and structure of riparian vegetation in the Garhwal Himalayas,specifically analysing four rivers regulated by hydroelectric *** the paired-reach comparison method,control(undisturbed),diverted(downstream of barrage/dam),and altered flow conditions(downstream of water outlet)were *** research reveals diverse and unique riparian ecosystems,with 89 genera and 113 taxa identified,showcasing the dominance of families like Asteraceae and *** study unveils the structural importance of key species such as Berberis asiatica and Artemisia *** density,diversity,and richness of shrub and herb species vary significantly across flow ***,altered flow conditions demonstrate resilience in vegetation structure,while diverted conditions exhibit decreased species richness and *** study emphasizes the importance of nuanced environmental flow management for mitigating adverse effects on riparian biodiversity in the fragile Himalayan *** findings contribute to the global discourse on dam impacts and riparian ecology,shedding light on the complexities of this dynamic relationship in a vulnerable ecosystem.

关键词： dam construction Water stress Western Himalayas Disturbed flow regimes Riparian ecosystem

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Investigating the causes of Lake Urmia shrinkage:climate change or anthropogenic factors?

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Journal of Arid Land 2023年第4期15卷 424-438页

作者： Mehri SHAMS GHAHFAROKHI Sogol MORADIAN Department of Social Sciences University of IsfahanIsfahan 81746-73441Iran Department of Civil Engineering University of GalwayGalway H91TK33Ireland

In the current scenario,Lake Urmia,one of the vastest hyper saline lakes on the Earth,has been affected by serious environmental *** different satellite images and observational data,this study investigated the changes in the lake for the period 1970–2020 based on the effects of climate change and several human-induced processes on Lake Urmia,such as population growth,excessive dam construction,low irrigation water use efficiency,poor water resources management,increased sediment flow into the lake,and lack of political and legal *** results indicated that between 1970 and 1997,the process of change in Lake Urmia was slow;however;the shrinkage was faster between 1998 and 2018,with about 30.00%of the lake area *** per the findings,anthropogenic factors had a much greater impact on Lake Urmia than climate change and prolonged drought;the mismanagement of water consumption in the agricultural sector and surface and underground water withdrawals in the basin have resulted in a sharp decrease in the lake's *** challenges have serious implications for water resources management in Lake Urmia ***,we provided a comprehensive overview of anthropogenic factors on the changes in Lake Urmia along with existing opportunities for better water resources management in Lake Urmia *** study serves as a guideline framework for climate scientists and hydrologists in order to assess the effects of different factors on lake water resources and for decision-makers to formulate strategies and plans according to the management task.

关键词： Lake Urmia lake shrinkage climate change population growth dam construction water resources management

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Temporal variation of suspended sediment load in the Pearl River due to human activities

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2011年第4期26卷 487-497页

作者： Wei ZHANG,Shousheng MU,Yanjing ZHANG,and Kaimin CHEN 1 Assoc.Prof.,State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering,Hohai University, Nanjing,210098,China, 2,4 Graduate student,College of Harbor,Coastal and Offshore Engineering,Hohai University,Nanjing,210098, China 3 Prof.,China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing,100038,China [a] Assoc. Prof. State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering Hohai University Nanjing 210098 China [b] Graduate student College of Harbor Coastal and Offshore Engineering Hohai University Nanjing 210098 China [c] Prof. China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research Beijing 100038 China [d] Graduate student College of Harbor Coastal and Offshore Engineering Hohai University Nanjing 210098 China

Data on sediment flux at three hydrologic stations from the 1950s to 2006 are utilized to study the decadal,annual,and monthly variations in suspended sediment load delivered from the Pearl River to the *** show that variations in sediment flux from three main tributaries,including the West River,the North River and the East River,are spatially *** nearly 90%of the suspended sediment load comes from the West River,its variation has dominated the overall tendency of sediment flux in the entire Pearl *** a significant decreasing trend exists in the annual variation of the total sediment flux,the decadal change can be divided into an increasing phase and a decreasing phase,with the turning point between the two phases in the late *** the 1950s to the 1980s,the average annual river sediment flux increased by 30.43%.However,sediment flux has decreased significantly since the 1990s,with the average sediment flux being 38.60%less in the 2000s than that in the *** current sediment flux is also 52.93%less than its peak in the 1980s. The monthly variation pattern of the suspended sediment load transport to the sea is more interesting. For the West River,all months show a decreasing trend,and for most months the reduction values are ***,for the East River the sediment load shows a decrease trend in the dry season and an increase trend in the wet *** method of regression analysis was used to study the influence of precipitation in the variation on the sediment *** was found that the climate change is not the main driving force behind the variation in suspended sediment *** the 1990s, intensive land use destroyed the vulnerable ecosystem of the upper Pearl River,and speeded up the process of rocky ***,aggravated soil erosion caused an increase in suspended sediment ***,sediment retention within reservoirs had begun to play a dominant role after the massive constru

关键词： Pearl River Sediment flux Human activities Rocky desertification dam construction

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Key drivers of changes in the sediment loads of Chinese rivers discharging to the oceans

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2021年第6期36卷 747-755页

作者： Cheng Liu Yun He Zhongwu Li Jia Chen Zhijing Li China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research International Research and Training Center on Erosion and Sedimentation College of Resources and Environmental Sciences Hunan Normal University Institute of Soil and Water Conservation Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute

The magnitude and variation of the sediment loads transported by rivers have important implications for the functioning of river systems and changes in the sediment loads of rivers are driven by numerous factors. In this paper, the key drivers of changes in the sediment loads of the major rivers of China are identified by reviewing recent studies of changes in their sediment loads. Except for the Songhua River,which presents no clear tendency of change in runoff or sediment load, nearly all the major rivers of China are characterized by an apparent decline in annual sediment load. The total annual sediment load of major Chinese rivers transported to the coast decreased from 2.03 billion t/yr during the period 1955-1968 to 0.50 billion t/yr during the period 1997-2010. The primary drivers of changes in the sediment loads of the rivers are dam construction, implementation of soil and water conservation measures,catchment disturbance, agricultural practices, sand mining and climate change. Examples drawn from Chinese rivers are used to demonstrate the importance of these drivers. construction of a large number of reservoirs in the Yangtze River basin represents the primary driver for the reduced sediment load of the Yangtze River. The implementation of soil and water conservation programmes is one of the key drivers for the sharp decline in the sediment load of the Yellow River. Catchment disturbance explains why the reduction of the sediment load of the Lancang-Mekong River at the Chiang Saen gauging station was much less than that at the Gajiu gauging station upstream. A reduction in sediment load resulting from the expansion of agricultural production may be the main driver for the reduced sediment load of the Huaihe River. The decrease in the sediment load of the Pearl River has been influenced by sand mining activities. Climate change is one of the key drivers responsible for the greatly reduced sediment load of the rivers in the Haihe River Basin.

关键词： Sediment load dam construction Soil and water conservation Catchment disturbance Sand mining Climate change

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Sediment dynamics and temporal variation of runoff in the Yom River,Thailand

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2020年第4期35卷 365-376页

作者： Matharit Namsai Butsawan Bidorn Seree Chanyotha Ruetaitip Mama Nathamon Phanomphongphaisarn Department of Water Resources Engineering Chulalongkorn University WISE Research Unit Chulalongkorn University Bureau of Water Management and Hydrology Royal Irrigation Department

The Yom River is one of the four major sediment sources to the Chao Phraya River in *** activities and changes in climate over the past six decades may have affected the discharge and sediment load to some *** the current study,the river discharge and sediment characteristics in the mainstream of the Yom River were investigated using the field observation data from 2011 to 2013 and the historical river flow and sediment data from 1954 to 2014 at six hydrological stations operated by the Royal Irrigation Department of Thailand(RID).The non-parametric Mann-Kendall test and double mass curve were used to analyze the sediment dynamics and temporal changes in the discharge of the Yom *** results revealed that the sediment was mainly transported in suspension,and the bed-tosuspended sediment loads ratio varied between 0 and *** daily suspended sediment load(SSL)in the upper and middle basins had a strong correlation with the daily discharge and could be represented by power equations with coefficients of determination higher than *** daily suspended sediment load in the lower basin did not directly depend on the corresponding discharge because of the reduction in river slope and water diversion by irrigation *** also appeared that the river discharges and sediment loads were mainly influenced by climate variation(floods and droughts).Moreover,the average sediment transport of the upper,middle,and lower reaches were 0.57,0.71,and 0.35 million t/y,*** sediment load in the lower basin decreased more than 50% as a result of changes in the river gradient(from mountainous to floodplain areas).The results from sediment analysis also indicated that the construction of the Mae Yom Barrage,the longest diversion dam in Thailand,and land-use changes did not significantly affect the sediment load along the Yom River.

关键词： Suspended sediment load Fluvial sediment Chao Phraya River basin dam construction Climate change Human activities

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Nutrient Release from Immersed Foliar Biomass during Caruachi dam Reservoir Filling: Caroni River, Venezuela

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2023年第1期11卷 28-48页

作者： Aracelis Narayan Judith Rosales Centro de Investigaciones Ecológicas de Guayana Universidad Nacional Experimental de Guayana Ciudad Guayana Venezuela

Background: Decomposition process controls the release and the availability of essential nutrients, which affects the structure and the functioning of plant communities. Freshwater reservoirs are largely known to have impacts on the water quality, especially during the first phases of filling. The aim of the study was to conduct a nutrient release experiment where decomposition of fresh leaves and litter from vegetation of a low dry tropical forest was flooded. Selected species were Leguminosae species Albizia glabripetala (H. S. Irwin) G. P. Lewis & P. E. Owen (AG), Bauhinia aculeata L. (BA), Centrolobium paraense Tul. (CP) and Piptadenia leucoxyllon Barneby & J. W. Grimes (PL). Freshwater decomposition experiments were carried out at 50 cm depth inside nine floating containers in a protected area of the reservoir: litter (HJ), leaves of AG and BA (E2), and CP and PL (E3) were used. It was over 20 weeks period. Every week for two months and at week 20, a bag of each sample was extracted for analysis of Carbon, Ca, Mg, Na, K, P and S. Results: Results indicate that residual dry mass decreased by 71% for HJ, 81.4% for E2, and more than 86.8% for E3 after twenty weeks. The higher content of carbon (%) at the beginning of the experiment was E2 > E3 > HJ. After 20 weeks, the percentage of carbon loss was 2.09% for HJ, 3.02% for E2, and 1.69% for E3. S decreased between 50% - 60% during the first week;at 20 weeks, the remaining amount of S was 13% for HJ and E3 and 7% for E2. P showed a different pattern, where the second week was more important for the release. HJ and E3 followed the pattern of nutrient release: K > Mg > Na > Ca while E2 was K > Ca > Mg > Na. Conclusions: P and S release depends on the time of submergence and the species. Fresh leaves decay faster than necromass. Nutrient loss is higher than 50% for the three first weeks and seems constant between week 8 - 20. C and S concentrations incorporated in the reservoir can result in a high release of gases CH<

关键词： Decomposition Nutrients Litter Leaves dam construction

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