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dairy farming in China at a crossroad

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Science Bulletin 2018年第23期63卷 1534-1535页

作者： Jun Zhao Zhaohai Bai Lin Ma Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources Center for Agricultural Resources Research Institute of Genetic and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences

The self-sufficiency of China's milk declined rapidly from 100% in 2008 to 60% in 2017,and may decline to 33% in 2050 according to a recent research [1].China's domestic milk production increased by 10 times between 1988 and 2008,but has remained unchanged since the well-known melamine scandal in *** was due to a great variety of reasons,such as market malfunction, insufficient scientific and technological innovation system,as well as high cost of dairy production itself.

关键词： dairy farming Chinese milk melamine

dairy product consumption and gastric cancer risk: A meta-analysis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第42期20卷 15879-15898页

作者： Yan Sun Lian-Jie Lin Li-Xuan Sang Cong Dai Min Jiang Chang-Qing Zheng Department of Gastroenterology Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University Department of Gastroenterology First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University

AIM: To investigate whether dairy product consumption is a risk factor for gastric cancer. METHODS: We searched the Pub Med and Web of Science databases for English-language studies on dairy product consumption and gastric cancer risk that were published between October 1980 and September 2013. One author independently extracted data and assessed study quality. Based on the heterogeneity results, we used either the fixed effects model or the random effects model to compute the summary relative risks and 95% confidence intervals(CIs). We also analyzed subgroups according to the study design, geographic region, sex, and whether there were adjustments for confounders(smoking and drinking) with respect to the sources of ***:We found 39 studies that were potentiallyeligible for inclusion in this meta-analysis,including 10cohort studies and 29 case-control *** summary relative risk for gastric cancer,comparing the highest and lowest dairy product consumption categories,was 1.06(95%CI:0.95-1.18).Specific analyses for milk,butter,and margarine yielded similar results,but the results for cheese and yogurt were *** was significant heterogeneity for all studies(Q=112.61;P=0.000;I2=67.1%).No publication bias was observed(Egger’s test:P=0.135;Begg’s test:P=0.365).There was a nonsignificant association between dairy product consumption and gastric cancer risk in the subgroup analysis for the study design,sex,geographic region,and whether there were adjustments for confounders(smoking and drinking).CONCLUSION:In our meta-analysis,dairy product consumption was associated with a nonsignificantly increased risk of gastric ***,this result should be verified using large,well-designed prospective studies.

关键词： Milk dairy product Gastric cancer Meta-analysis

Effects of the dietary nonfiber carbohydrate content on lactation performance, rumen fermentation, and nitrogen utilization in mid-lactation dairy cows receiving corn stover

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2018年第3期9卷 699-705页

作者： Zihai Wei Baoxin Zhang Jianxin Liu Institute of dairy Science MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal NutritionCollege of Animal Sciences Zhejiang University

Background: Corn stover(CS) is an abundant source of feed for livestock in China. However, it is low in nutritional value that we have been seeking technologies to improve. Previous studies show that non-fiber carbohydrate(NFC)might limit the utilization of a CS diet by lactating dairy cows. Thus, this study was conducted to investigate the lactation performance and rumen fermentation characteristics in lactating cows consuming CS with two contents of NFC compared to an alfalfa hay-containing diet. Twelve Holstein cows were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design with three dietary treatments:(1) low-NFC diet(NFC = 35.6%, L-NFC),(2) high-NFC diet(NFC = 40.1%,H-NFC), and(3) alfalfa hay diet(NFC = 38.9%, AH).Results: Intake of DM was lower for cows fed H-NFC compared to L-NFC and AH, while the milk yield was higher in AH than in H-NFC and L-NFC(P 0.11), but milk fat content was higher for cows fed H-NFC and L-NFC compared to AH(P < 0.01). The rumen ammonia nitrogen concentration and the concentrations of urea nitrogen in blood and milk were lower for cows fed H-NFC and AH compared to L-NFC(P < 0.05). The concentrations of rumen propionate and total volatile fatty acids were different among groups(P < 0.05) with higher concentration for cows fed AH compared to H-NFC and L-NFC, and acetate concentration tended to be different among groups(P = 0.06).Conclusions: From the results obtained in this study, it was inferred that the increased NFC content in a diet containing corn stover can improve the feed efficiency and benefit the nitrogen conversion.

关键词： Corn stover dairy cows Lactation performance Nonfiber carbohydrate Rumen fermentation

Association of residual feed intake with abundance of ruminal bacteria and biopolymer hydrolyzing enzyme activities during the peripartal period and early lactation in Holstein dairy cows

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2018年第3期9卷 717-726页

作者： Ahmed A.Elolimy José M.Arroyo FernANDa Batistel Michael A.Iakiviak Juan J.Loor Mammalian Nutri Physio Genomics Department of Animal SciencesUniversity of Illinois Department of Animal Sciences University of Illinois Departamento de Nutrición Animal Instituto de Producción Animal Facultad de Veterinaria Universidad de la Republica Division of Nutritional Sciences Illinois Informatics Institute University of Illinois

Background: Residual feed intake(RFI) in dairy cattle typically calculated at peak lactation is a measure of feed efficiency independent of milk production level. The objective of this study was to evaluate differences in ruminal bacteria, biopolymer hydrolyzing enzyme activities, and overall performance between the most-and the leastefficient dairy cows during the peripartal period. Twenty multiparous Holstein dairy cows with daily ad libitum access to a total mixed ration from d-10 to d 60 relative to the calving date were used. Cows were classified into most-efficient(i.e. with low RFI, n = 10) and least-efficient(i.e. with high RFI, n = 10) based on a linear regression model involving dry matter intake(DMI), fat-corrected milk(FCM), changes in body weight(BW), and metabolic ***: The most-efficient cows had ~ 2.6 kg/d lower DMI at wk 4, 6, 7, and 8 compared with the least-efficient cows. In addition, the most-efficient cows had greater relative abundance of total ruminal bacterial community during the peripartal period. Compared with the least-efficient cows, the most-efficient cows had 4-fold greater relative abundance of Succinivibrio dextrinosolvens at d-10 and d 10 around parturition and tended to have greater abundance of Fibrobacter succinogenes and Megaspheara elsdenii. In contrast, the relative abundance of Butyrivibrio proteoclasticus and Streptococcus bovis was lower and Succinimonas amylolytica and Prevotella bryantii tended to be lower in the most-efficient cows around calving. During the peripartal period, the most-efficient cows had lower enzymatic activities of cellulase, amylase, and protease compared with the least-efficient ***: The results suggest that shifts in ruminal bacteria and digestive enzyme activities during the peripartal period could, at least in part, be part of the mechanism associated with better feed efficiency in dairy cows.

关键词： dairy cows Enzyme activity Peripartal period RFI Rumen bacteria

Adipose tissue lipolysis and remodeling during the transition period of dairy cows

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2017年第4期8卷 787-798页

作者： G.Andres Contreras Clarissa Strieder-Barboza William Raphael Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary MedicineMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824USA

Elevated concentrations of plasma fatty acids in transition dairy cows are significantly associated with increased disease susceptibility and poor lactation performance. The main source of plasma fatty acids throughout the transition period is lipolysis from adipose tissue depots. During this time, plasma fatty acids serve as a source of calories mitigating the negative energy balance prompted by copious milk synthesis and limited dry matter *** research has demonstrated that lipolysis in the adipose organ is a complex process that includes not only the activation of lipolytic pathways in response to neural, hormonal, or paracrine stimuli, but also important changes in the structure and cellular distribution of the tissue in a process known as adipose tissue remodeling. This process involves an inflammatory response with immune cell migration, proliferation of the cellular components of the stromal vascular fraction, and changes in the extracellular matrix. This review summarizes current knowledge on lipolysis in dairy cattle, expands on the new field of adipose tissue remodeling, and discusses how these biological processes affect transition cow health and productivity.

关键词： Adipose tissue macrophages Adipose tissue remodeling Lipolysis Transition dairy cows

Effects of TNF receptor blockade on in vitro cell survival and response to negative energy balance in dairy cattle

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2018年第2期9卷 430-438页

作者： C.A.Martel L.K.Mamedova J.E.Minton M.Garcia C.Legallet B.J.Bradford Department of Animal Sciences and Industry Kansas State University

Background: Associative data and some controlled studies suggest that the inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor(TNF) α can induce fatty liver in dairy cattle. However, research demonstrating that TNFα is a necessary component in the etiology of bovine fatty liver is lacking. The aim of this work was to evaluate whether blocking TNFα signaling with a synthetic cyclic peptide(TNF receptor loop peptide; TRLP) would improve liver metabolic function and reduce triglyceride accumulation during feed ***: Capability of TRLP to inhibit TNFα signaling was confirmed on primary bovine hepatocytes treated with recombinant bovine TNFα and 4 doses of TRLP(0, 1, 10, 50 μmol/L) over 24 h. Next, 4 lactating Holstein cows(parity 1.4 ± 0.5, 433 ± 131 d in milk) in an incomplete Latin rectangle design(3 × 2) were subcutaneously administered with different TRLP doses(0, 1.5, 3.0 mg/kg BW) every 4 h for 24 h, followed by an intravenous injection of TNFα(5 μg/kg BW). Before and for 2 h after TNFα injection, TRLP decreased plasma non-esterified fatty acid(NEFA)concentration(P ≤ 0.05), suggesting an altered metabolic response to inflammation. Finally, 10 non-pregnant, nonlactating Holstein cows(3.9 ± 1.1 yr of age) were randomly assigned to treatments: control(carrier: 57% DMSO in PBS)or TRLP(1.75 mg TRLP/kg BW per day). Treatments were administrated every 4 h for 7 d by subcutaneous injection to feed-restricted cows fed 30% of maintenance energy requirements. Daily blood samples were analyzed for glucose,insulin, β-hydroxybutyrate, NEFA, and haptoglobin concentrations, with no treatment effects detected. On d 7, cows completed a glucose tolerance test(GTT) by i.v. administration of a dextrose bolus(300 mg glucose/kg BW). Glucose,insulin, and NEFA responses failed to demonstrate any significant effect of treatment during the GTT. However, plasma and liver analyses were not indicative of dramatic lipolysis or hepatic lipidosis, suggesting that the feed restriction protoc

关键词： dairy cows Fatty liver Glucose tolerance test Tumor necrosis factorα

Effects of palm fat powder and coated folic acid on growth performance, ruminal fermentation, nutrient digestibility and hepatic fat accumulation of Holstein dairy bulls

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2020年第4期19卷 1074-1084页

作者： ZHANG Zhen LIU Qiang WANG Cong GUO Gang HUO Wen-jie ZHANG Yan-li PEI Cai-xia ZHANG Shuan-lin College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Shanxi Agricultural UniversityTaigu 030801P.R.China

This study evaluated the effects of palm fat powder(PFP) and coated folic acid(CFA) on growth performance, ruminal fermentation, nutrient digestibility, microbial enzyme activity, microflora, hepatic lipid content and gene expression in dairy bulls. Forty-eight Chinese Holstein bulls((362±12.4) days of age and(483±27.1) kg of body weight(BW)) were assigned to four groups in a completely randomized design with a 2×2 factorial arrangements. Supplemental PFP(0 or 30 g PFP kg-1 dietary dry matter(DM)) and CFA(0 or 120 mg FA d-1 as CFA) were mixed into the top one-third of a total mixed ration. The study included a 20-day adaptation period and followed by a 90-day collection period. The lower(P<0.01) feed conversion ratio with PFP or CFA addition resulted from the constant DM intake and the higher(P<0.05) average daily gain. The higher(P<0.05) ruminal p H, ether extract digestibility, microbial α-amylase activity, Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens copy, and expression of peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor α(PPARα) and carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1(CPT1), and lower ruminal total volatile fatty acids(VFA) concentration, acetate to propionate ratio, neutral detergent fibre(NDF) digestibility, copies of total protozoa and Ruminococcus flavefaciens, and expression of sterol regulatory element binding protein-1(SREBP1) and acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase α(ACACA) were observed for PFP addition. Supplementation with CFA increased(P<0.05) ruminal total VFA concentration, acetate to propionate ratio, digestibility of DM, organic matter, crude protein and NDF, activity of cellobiase, pectinase and α-amylase, copies of selected microbial except for total protozoa, as well as expression of PPARα, but decreased(P<0.05) ruminal p H, and expression of SREBP1 and ACACA. The PFP×CFA interaction(P<0.05) was observed for ammonia N, hepatic TG content, and m RNA expression of CPT1 and FAS. There had no significant difference in hepatic TG content when CFA was supplemented in the diet with

关键词： palm fat powder coated folic acid growth performance gene expression dairy bulls

Milk production and composition and metabolic alterations in the mammary gland of heat-stressed lactating dairy cows

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2019年第12期18卷 2844-2853页

作者： FAN Cai-yun SU Di TIAN He HU Rui-ting RAN Lei YANG Ying SU Yan-jing CHENG Jian-bo College of Animal Science and Technology Anhui Agricultural UniversityHefei 230036P.R.China Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101P.R.China Bright Farming Co. Ltd.Shanghai 200436P.R.China

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of heat stress(HS) on the feed intake, milk production and composition and metabolic alterations in the mammary gland of dairy cows. Twenty Holstein cows were randomly assigned to one of two treatments according to a completely randomized design. Half of the cows were allocated to the HS group in August(summer season), and the other half were assigned to the HS-free group in November(autumn season). HS reduced(Pdairy cows using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry combined with multivariate analyses. Thirty-four metabolites were identified as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of HS in dairy cows. Ten of these metabolites, glucose, lactate, pyruvate, lactose, β-hydroxybutyrate, citric acid, α-ketoglutarate, urea, creatine, and orotic acid, had high sensitivity and specificity for HS diagnoses, and seven metabolites were also identified as potential biomarkers of HS in plasma, milk, and liver. These substances are involved in glycolysis, lactose, ketone, tricarboxylic acid(TCA), amino acid and nucleotide metabolism, indicating that HS mainly affects lactose, energy and nucleotide metabolism in the mammary gland of lactating dairy cows. This study suggested that HS might affect milk production and composition by affecting the feed intake and substance metabolisms in the mammary gland tissue of lactating dairy cows.

关键词： milk production metabolomics mammary gland heat stress dairy cows

Disinfection of dairy wastewater effluent through solar photocatalysis processes

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Water Science and Engineering 2018年第3期11卷 214-219页

作者： Mojtaba Afsharnia Mojtaba Kianmehr Hamed Biglari Abdollah Dargahi Abdolreza Karimi Faculty of Health Gonabad University of Medical Sciences Faculty of Medicine Gonabad University of Medical Sciences Faculty of Health Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences Faculty of Engineering Qom University of Technology

Due to the strict regulations and reuse policies that govern wastewater's use as an irrigation water resource for agricultural purposes, especially in dry climates, optimization of the disinfection process is of the utmost importance. The effects of solar radiation along with Titanium dioxide(TiO_2) nanoparticles applied to optimization of the photolysis and photocatalysis processes for inactivating heterotrophic bacteria were investigated. Temperature, p H, and dissolved oxygen fluctuations in the dairy wastewater effluent treated by activated sludge were examined. In addition,different dosages of TiO_2 were tested in the solar photocatalysis(ph-C S) and concentrated solar photocatalysis(ph-C CS) processes. The results show that the disinfection efficiencies of the solar photolysis(ph-L S) and concentrated solar photolysis(ph-L CS) processes after 30 min were about 10.5% and 68.9%, respectively, and that the ph-C S and ph-C CS processes inactivated 41% and 97% of the heterotrophic bacteria after 30 min, respectively. The p H variation in these processes was negligible. Using the ph-L CS and ph-C CS processes, the synergistic effect between the optical and thermal inactivation caused complete disinfection after three hours. However, disinfection was faster in the ph-C CS process than in the ph-L CS process. Significant correlations were found between the disinfection efficiency and the variation of the dissolved oxygen concentration in the ph-C S and ph-C CS processes, while the correlations between the disinfection efficiency and temperature variation were not significant in the ph-L S and ph-C S processes. Moreover, the oxygen consumption rate was greatest(3.2 mg··L^(-1)) in the ph-C CS process. Hence,it could be concluded that the ph-C CS process is an efficient photocatalysis process for disinfection of dairy wastewater effluent.

关键词： dairy wastewater Disinfection Photocatalyst Solar Photolysis and photocatalysis TiO2