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dry deposition of ammonia around paddy fields in the subtropical hilly area in southern China

Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters 2020年第3期13卷 216-223页

作者： YI Yuchen SHEN Jianlin YANG Chaodong WANG Juan LI Yong WU Jinshui College of Horticulture and Gardening Yangtze UniversityJingzhouChina Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions Institute of Subtropical AgricultureChinese Academy of SciencesChangshaChina Changsha Research Station for Agricultural&Environment Monitoring Institute of Subtropical AgricultureChinese Academy of SciencesChangshaChina

This study measured the ammonia(NH3)concentration and dry deposition within 100 m around paddy fields(0.6 ha)with double rice cropping in the subtropical hilly area in southern China,with the aims to quantify the dry deposition of NH3 around the emission source and to clarify its temporal and spatial *** results showed that high NH3 concentrations were found during the 15 d after nitrogen(N)fertilizer application at downwind sites within 100maround the paddy fields,and the NH3 concentrations were 12–62,2.8–7.3,13–38,and 4.9–36μg N m−3 during the 15 d after basal fertilizer application and topdressing in the early rice season and after basal fertilizer application and topdressing in the late rice season,*** NH3 concentrations were relatively low(1.5–-3.8μg N m−3)during other periods of the rice season at the downwind sites,which indicated that N fertilizer application in paddy fields highly affected the NH3 concentration at downwind *** NH3 concentrations at the downwind sites decreased significantly with the increase in distance from the paddy *** total NH3 dry deposition around 100 m of the paddy fields accounted for approximately 79%and 81%of the emitted NH3 from the paddy fields in the early and late rice seasons,*** results indicate that dry deposition of NH3 around emission sources may be an important way to remove the NH3 volatilized from croplands in this subtropical hilly area.

关键词： Ammonia dry deposition nitrogen deposition ammonia volatilization paddy field

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Atmospheric wet and dry deposition of dissolved inorganic nitrogen to the South China Sea

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Science China Earth Sciences 2020年第9期63卷 1339-1352页

作者： Ying GAO Lifang WANG Xianghui GUO Yi XU Li LUO State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361102China College of Ocean and Earth Sciences Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361102China Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361102China Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Causes and Control of Atmospheric Pollution East China University of TechnologyNanchang 330013China

At the global scale,atmospheric inputs of nitrogen are an important source of the new nitrogen that supports new marine production,especially in oligotrophic open oceans and marginal *** study reports quantities of atmospheric deposition of dissolved inorganic nitrogen(DIN)to the largest marginal sea in the North Pacific(the oligotrophic South China Sea,SCS)based primarily on rainwater sampling in the open northwestern region(Yongxing Island)from 2013 to 2015,and aerosol sampling from the SCS basin in June *** wet and dry deposition of DIN and their potential contributions to productivity were *** volume-weighted mean rainwater concentrations during the wet and dry seasons were 4.9 and 18.1μmol L-1 for N+N(NO3-+NO2-),and 5.7 and 4.0μmol L-1 for NH4+,*** concentrations of DIN were lower in the marginal seas than in the open *** aerosol NO3-concentration was 1.15±1.18μg m-3 during the wet season,which is slightly lower than reported for the East China Sea and East Sea,but higher than in the Arabian *** wet and dry deposition rates ranged from 0.4-3.9 and 0.4-1.2 mmol m-2 mon-1 for NO3-,and 0.2-1.3 and 0.01-0.02 mmol m-2 mon-1 for NH4+,*** annual wet and dry deposition fluxes of DIN were estimated to be 16.8 and 10.1 mmol m-2yr-1,*** to other marginal seas,the SCS receives less atmospheric NO3-inputs than the Yellow Sea,East China Sea,East Sea,and northeastern Mediterranean *** total atmospheric DIN deposition may account for 1.8-11.1%of the nitrogen supporting new production and 0.7-1.8%of the nitrogen supporting primary production.

关键词： South China Sea Atmospheric deposition Wet deposition dry deposition Nitrate NO3- Ammonium NH4+

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2022年第4期32卷 589-604页

作者： FENG Huihui DING Ying ZOU Bin COHEN Jason Blake YE Shuchao YANG Zhuolin QIN Kai LIU Lei GU Xiaodong School of Geosciences and Info-Physics Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China Key Laboratory of Metallogenic Prediction of Nonferrous Metals and Geological Environment Monitoring of Chinese Ministry of Education Changsha 410083China School of Atmospheric Sciences Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275China School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics China University of Mining and TechnologyXuzhou 221116JiangsuChina College of Earth and Environmental Sciences Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Guangzhou Center for Rule of Green Development Law Studies Guangdong University of Foreign StudiesGuangzhou 510420China Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Guangzhou) Guangzhou 511458China

Vegetation plays an important role in the dry deposition of particles with significant spatial variability,but the magnitude remains unclear at the global *** the aid of satellite products,this study estimated the vegetation-related dry deposition of fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5)).Methodologically,dry deposition was first calculated using an empirical ***,deposition on the leaf surface was estimated to evaluate the influence of *** results showed that the mean deposition velocity(V_(d))of global PM_(2.5)was 0.91×10^(-3)μg·m^(-2)·s^(-1),with high velocities observed in sparsely vegetated regions because of the high friction *** the combined effect of the PM_(2.5)mass concentration and deposition velocity,the global mean dry deposition reached 0.47 g·m-^(2)·yr^(-1).Global vegetation absorbed 0.26 g·m-^(2)·yr^(-1)from PM_(2.5)pollution sources,contributing 54.98%of the total dry ***,vegetation-related dry deposition was high in the Amazon,Central Africa and East China due to dense vegetation coverage or serious ***,the increasing trends were mainly in Central Africa and India because of worsening air *** results of this study helped to clarify the impact of vegetation on air pollution,which supported related land management and planning for air quality improvement.

关键词： air pollution PM_(2.5) dry deposition vegetation change globe satellite

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SEASONAL CHARACTERIZATION OF DUST DAYS,MASS CONCENTRATION AND dry deposition OF ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS OVER QINGDAO, CHINA

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China Particuology 2004年第5期2卷 196-199页

作者： RenjianZhang MingxingWang LifangSheng YutakaKanai AtsuyukiOhta StateKeyLaboratoryofAtmosphericBoundaryLayerPhysicsandAtmosphericChemistry InstituteofAtmosphericPhysicsChinese.AcademyofSciencesBeijing100029P.R.China ChinaOceanUniversity Qingdao266003P.R.China GeologicalSurveyofJapan NationalInstituteofAdvancedIndustrialScienceandTechnologyTSukubaIbaraki305-8567Japan

The seasonal characterization of dust days, mass concentration and dry deposition of atmospheric aero-sols were investigated using the historical data of dust days observed over Qingdao during the period from 1961 to 2001 and ground-based aerosol sampling data collected in the period from May 2001 to November 2002. In Qingdao most of the dust days occurred in spring and in winter and no dust days existed in summer. The seasonal variation of the uplifting dust day over Qingdao was in phase with that analyzed over North China. The mean mass concentration of the total suspended particles (TSP) in spring, summer, autumn and winter was respectively 300, 110, 113 and 185 mg.m-3. The values and phase of the seasonal oscillation for fine particles were very similar to those for coarse particles except for the month March, during which the concentration of the coarse particles was about 4 times as high as that of the fine parti-cles. Comparison between seasonal variation of mass concentration of aerosols and dust days indicated that high frequency of uplifting dust day was accompanied by high TSP mass concentration. The TSP mass concentration meas-ured by the low-volume instrument was about 30% lower than that measured by high-volume instrument, though the two data sets are highly correlated (correlation coefficient=0.89). The dry deposition flux during the observation period from May 2001 to November 2002 ranged from 0.06 to 0.2 g.m-2.d-1 with a mean value of 0.13 g.m-2.d-1, which was about 1/3 as that over Beijing.

关键词： aerosol physical characteristics TSP dry deposition

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dry deposition of Sulfate on Actual Foliar of Quercus serrata

Dry Deposition of Sulfate on Actual Foliar of Quercus serrat...

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第七届亚洲气溶胶会议

作者： Hiroshi Hara Shogo Ota Yuki Kimura Kyo Kitayama Sonoko Drothea Kimura College of Agriculture Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Saiwaicho 3-5-8 Fuchu Tokyo 183-8509 Japan

Sulfate deposited on actual foliar of a broad-leaf tree was evaluated to discuss dry deposition processes by the amount rinsed out from the sampled leaves in an experimental forest in the suburbs of Tokyo. Five samples of a 20 m high-Quercus serrata tree were manually collected at four heights （6m, 10 m, 14 m, and 20 m） from a 30 m-high observation tower which routinely measures meteorological parameters at six heights, and subjected to distilled-water rinsing for ion chromatographic analysis of sulfate. The deposited amount of sulfate was normalized with leaf surface. The vertical profile of the normalized deposition showed no systematic patterns so far. The deposition of sulfate, however, was found to increase with relative humidity, which strongly suggested the wetted surface plays a key role in the deposition processes. In order to evaluate the representativeness of the sample, 153 sample leaves were collected from a single branch of the sample stand in May 2010. The distribution showed a monomodal pattern with the following percentiles: 10%;12.2, 25%;15.0, 50%;20.2, 75%;28.3, and 90%;44.9 micromole per square meter. The actual deposition on each sample leaf was also discussed in terms of the normalized deposition and sample position in the branch. The results support the view that the foliar rinsing method will offer a powerful tool for studies of aerosol dry deposition to forests.

关键词： dry deposition sulfate forest.

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Evaluation of Data Replacement Strategies for CASTNET dry deposition Modeling

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(B) 2012年第6期1卷 789-799页

作者： Christopher Rogers Thomas Lavery Kevin Mishoe Ralph Baumgardner AMEC Environment & Infrastructure Inc. Jacksonville FL 32207 USA Fuss & O 'Neill Inc. Providence R102908 USA AMEC Environment & Infrastructure Inc. Newberry FL 32669 USA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Research Triangle Park NC 27711 USA

The U.S. EPA （Environmental Protection Agency） established the CASTNET （Clean Air Status and Trends Network） and its predecessor, the NDDN （national dry deposition network）, as national air quality and meteorological monitoring networks. Both CASTNET and NDDN were designed to measure concentrations of sulfur and nitrogen gases and particles. Both networks also estimate dry deposition using an inferential model. The design was based on the concept that atmospheric dry deposition flux could be estimated as the product of a measured air pollutant concentration and a modeled deposition velocity （Vd）. The MLM （multi-layer model）, the computer model used to simulate dry deposition, requires information on meteorological conditions and vegetative cover as model input. The MLM calculates hourly Fa for each pollutant, but any missing meteorological data for an hour renders Vd missing for that hour. Because of percent completeness requirements for aggregating data for long-term estimates, annual deposition rates for some sites are not always available primarily because of missing or invalid meteorological input data. In this work, three methods for replacing missing on-site measurements are investigated. These include （1） using historical values of deposition velocity or （2） historical meteorological measurements from the site being modeled or （3） current meteorological data from nearby sites to substitute for missing inputs and thereby improve data completeness for the network＇s dry deposition estimates. Results for a CASTNET site used to test the methods show promise for using historical measurements of weekly average meteorological parameters.

关键词： dry deposition deposition velocity leaf area index MLM (Multi-Layer Model)

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Numerical and experimental study of the effects of wind turbine operation on sand-dust transport characteristics

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第4期67卷 97-113页

作者： Gaosheng Ma Hong Han Ye Li Deshun Li Yan Wang Ning Fu Quan Zheng Rennian Li School of Energy and Power Engineering Lanzhou University of TechnologyLanzhou 730050China Gansu Provincial Technology Center for Wind Turbines Lanzhou 730050China Key Laboratory of Fluid Machinery and Systems Lanzhou 730050China Multiple Function Towing Tank Laboratory State Key Laboratory of Ocean EngineeringSchool of Naval ArchitectureOcean and Civil EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China

Given factors such as reduced land availability for onshore wind farms,wind resource enrichment levels,and costs,there is a growing trend of establishing wind farms in deserts,the Gobi,and other arid ***,the relationship between sanddust weather environments and wind turbine operations has garnered significant *** investigate the impact of wind turbine wakes on sand-dust transportation,this study employs large eddy simulation to model flow fields,coupled with an actuator line model for simulating rotating blades and a multiphase particle in cell model for simulating sand *** research focuses on a horizontal axis wind turbine model and examines the motion and spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of four typical sizes of sand particles in the turbine *** findings reveal that sand particles of varying sizes exhibit a spiral settling pattern after traversing the rotating plane of wind turbine blades,influenced by blade shedding vortex and *** particles tend to cluster in the peripheries of the vortex cores of low vorticity in the wind turbine *** rotation of wind turbines generates a wake vortex structure that causes a significant clustering of sand particles at the tip *** the wake distance increases,the particles that cluster at the turbine's tip gradually spread outward to approximately twice the rotor diameter and then begin to mix with the incoming flow *** turbines have a noticeable impact on sand-dust transportation,hindering their movement to a significant *** average sand-blocking rate exhibits a trend of initially increasing and then decreasing as the wake distance *** its peak,the sand-blocking rate reaches an impressive 67.55%.The presence of wind turbines induces the advanced settling of sand particles,resulting in a“triangular”distribution of the deposition within the ground projection area of the wake.

关键词： wind turbine particle transportation actuator line model dry deposition particle clustering

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Coping with the concurrent heatwaves and ozone extremes in China under a warming climate

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SCIENCE BULLETIN 2024年第18期69卷 2938-2947页

作者： Li, Mengmeng Huang, Xin Yan, Dan Lai, Shiyi Zhang, Zihan Zhu, Lei Lu, Yuting Jiang, Xinyi Wang, Nan Wang, Tijian Song, Yu Ding, Aijun Nanjing Univ Sch Atmospher Sci Nanjing 210023 Peoples R China Frontiers Sci Ctr Crit Earth Mat Cycling Nanjing 210023 Peoples R China Southern Univ Sci & Technol Sch Environm Sci & Engn Shenzhen 518055 Peoples R China Guangdong Prov Observat & Res Stn Coastal Atmosphe Shenzhen 518055 Peoples R China Sichuan Univ Coll Carbon Neutral Future Technol Chengdu 610044 Peoples R China Peking Univ Dept Environm Sci Beijing 100871 Peoples R China

Intensive human activity has brought about unprecedented climate and environmental crises, in which concurrent heatwaves and ozone extremes pose the most serious threats. However, a limited understanding of the comprehensive mechanism hinders our ability to mitigate such compound events, especially in densely populated regions like China. Here, based on field observations and climate-chemistry coupled modelling, we elucidate the linkage between human activities and the climate system in heat-related ozone pollution. In China, we have observed that both the frequency and intensity of heatwaves have almost tripled since the beginning of this century. Moreover, these heatwaves are becoming more common in urban clusters with serious ozone pollution. Persistent heatwaves during the extremely hot and dry summers of 2013 and 2022 accelerated photochemical ozone production by boosting anthropogenic and biogenic emissions, and aggravated ozone accumulation by suppressing dry deposition due to water-stressed vegetation, leading to a more than 30% increase in ozone pollution in China's urban areas. The sensitivity of ozone to heat is demonstrated to be substantially modulated by anthropogenic emissions, and China's clean air policy may have altered the relationship between ozone and temperature. Climate model projections further highlight that the high-emission climate-socioeconomic scenario tends to intensify the concurrent heat and ozone extremes in the next century. Our results underscore that the implementation of a strict emission strategy will significantly reduce the co-occurrence of heatwaves and ozone extremes, achieving climate and environmental co-benefits. (c) 2024 Science China Press. Published by Elsevier B.V. and Science China Press. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.

关键词： Heatwave Ozone Biogenic emission dry deposition Ozone-temperature sensitivity dry deposition AIR-QUALITY LAND-COVER HEAT WAVES EMISSIONS ISOPRENE SUMMER IMPACT TEMPERATURE FREQUENT

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Gap edge canopy buffering of throughfall deposition in a subalpine natural forest

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Forest Ecosystems 2022年第4期9卷 503-510页

作者： Siyi Tan Qing Dong Xiangyin Ni Kai Yue Shu Liao Fuzhong Wu Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education School of Geographical SciencesFujian Normal UniversityFuzhou350007China Ecological Security and Protection Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Mianyang Teachers'CollegeMianyang621000China

Base cation loads are rarely considered in forest gap edge canopies,but they can play critical roles in capturing or buffering atmospheric deposition in forests with frequent gap disturbances,such as subalpine *** selected an expanded gap edge canopy and a closed canopy in a subalpine natural forest on the eastern Tibetan *** throughfall deposition and canopy exchange processes of common base cations(K^(+),Ca^(2+),Na^(+),and Mg^(2+))were continuously studied over two *** results showed that the enrichment ratio and fluxes had lower levels of base cations in the gap-edge canopy than in the closed canopy,which indicated that base cations were concentrated more in the closed canopy than in the gap-edge *** Ca^(2+)in the gap-edge canopy showed a higher net throughfall flux,the annual net throughfall fluxes of K^(+),Na^(+) and Mg^(2+) within the gap-edge canopy were 1.83,6.75 and 2.95 times lower than those in the closed canopy,***,dry deposition fluxes of base cations significantly decreased in the gap edge canopy compared to those in the closed canopy,and the decreasing tendency was more significant during the snowy season than during the rainy ***,these results suggest that the amount of base cations in subalpine natural forest ecosystems may be overestimated when the throughfall deposition of ions in gap edge canopies is ignored.

关键词： Canopy exchange dry deposition Throughfall Subalpine forest Precipitation deposition

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deposition of water-soluble inorganic ions in PM_(2.5) in a typical forestry system in Beijing,China

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Forest Ecosystems 2018年第4期5卷 486-497页

作者： Junqi Ding Xiaoxiu Lun Weifang Ma Lu Zhao Yingying Cao Fengbin Sun Renna Li College of Environmental Science and Engineering Beijing Forestry University State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Academy of Environmental Sciences School of Soil and Water Conservation Beijing Forestry University

Background: Rapid economic development in China has resulted in an increase in severe air pollution in city groups such as the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Metropolitan Region. PM2.5(fine particles with an aerodynamic equivalent diameter of 2.5 μm or less) is one of the most important pollutants. The deposition process is an important way of removing particles from the air. To evaluate the effect of an urban forest on atmospheric particle removal, a concentration gradient method was used to measure the deposition velocities of water-soluble inorganics in PM2.5 in two national forest parks in Beijing, China. The following eight water-soluble inorganic ions in PM2.5 were investigated: sodium, ammonium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, chloride, nitrate, and ***: Samples were taken from two sites in Beijing from the 7 th to the 15 th May, 2013. The concentrations of water-soluble inorganic ions were analyzed with ion chromatography. We used the concentration gradient technique to estimate the deposition flux and velocity. To determine the relationships between leaf traits and particle accumulation, typical leaf samples from each selected species were studied using scanning electron ***: The total deposition flux and total deposition velocity during the daytime were higher than those at *** showed the biggest deposition flux and velocity at both study sites, whereas the other ions showed different trends at each site. Result from higher proportion of coniferous to broadleaved trees, the total deposition flux of the eight ions measured in Jiufeng National Forest Park was greater than that in Olympic Forest ***: The deposition velocity was affected by meteorological conditions such as wind speed, temperature,and humidity. The deposition velocity was also influenced by tree species. The surface of plants is an important factor influencing particle deposition. The results of this study may help in assessing the effects of forestry sy

关键词： Fine particle Water-soluble inorganics Forest dry deposition deposition velocity

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