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Impacts of defoliation on Morphological Characteristics and Non-Structural Carbohydrates of Populus talassica × Populus euphratica Seedlings

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2024年第7期93卷 1689-1703页

作者： Mengxu Su Zhanjiang Han Zhen Zhao Xiaofeng Wu Jiaju Wu College of Life Science and Technology Tarim UniversityXinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim BasinAlar843300China Agricultural Science Research Institute of the First Division Xinjiang Production and Construction CorpsAlar843300China

Leaves are important‘source’organs that synthesize organic matter,providing carbon sources for plant ***,we used Populus talassica×Populus euphratica,the dominant species in ecological and timber forests,to simulate carbon limitation through artiﬁcial 25%,50%,and 75%defoliation treatments and explore the effects on root,stem,and leaf morphology,biomass accumulation,and carbon allocation *** the 60th d after treat-ment,under 25%defoliation treatment,the plant height,speciﬁc leaf weight,root surface area and volume,and concentrations of non-structural carbohydrates in stem and root were signiﬁcantly increased by 9.13%,20.00%,16.60%,31.95%,5.12%,and 9.34%,respectively,relative to the *** was no signiﬁcant change in the growth indicators under 50%defoliation treatment,but the concentrations of non-structural carbohydrates in the leaf and stem signiﬁcantly decreased,showing mostly a negative correlation between *** opposite was observed in the *** 75%defoliation treatment,the plant height,ground diameter,leaf number,single leaf area,root,stem,and total biomass were signiﬁcantly reduced by 14.15%,10.24%,14.86%,11.31%,11.56%,21.87%,and 16.82%,respectively,relative to the *** concentrations of non-structural carbohydrates in various organs were signiﬁcantly reduced,particularly in the consumption of the starch concentrations in the stem and *** results indicated that carbon allocation strategies can be adjusted to increase the con-centration of non-structural carbohydrates in root and meet plant growth needs under 25%and 50%***,75%defoliation signiﬁcantly limited the distribution of non-structural carbohydrates to roots and stems,reduced carbon storage,and thus inhibited plant ***-induced carbon limitation altered the carbon allocation pattern of ***×***,and the relationship between carbon reserves in roots and tree growth recovery after defoliation was *** study

关键词： Populus talassica×Populus euphratica defoliation carbon limitation carbon allocation non-structural carbohydrates

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Improving remote sensing-based net primary production estimation in the grazed land with defoliation formulation model

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Journal of Mountain Science 2019年第2期16卷 323-336页

作者： YE Hui HUANG Xiao-tao LUO Ge-ping WANG Jun-bang ZHANG Miao WANG Xin-xin State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of Sciences China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Restoration Ecology for Cold Regions in Qinghai Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Northwest Land and Resources Research Center Shaanxi Normal University Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering Institute of Biodiversity Science Fudan University

Remote sensing(RS) technologies provide robust techniques for quantifying net primary productivity(NPP) which is a key component of ecosystem production management. Applying RS, the confounding effects of carbon consumed by livestock grazing were neglected by previous studies, which created uncertainties and underestimation of NPP for the grazed lands. The grasslands in Xinjiang were selected as a case study to improve the RS based NPP estimation. A defoliation formulation model(DFM) based on RS is developed to evaluate the extent of underestimated NPP between 1982 and 2011. The estimates were then used to examine the spatiotemporal patterns of the calculated NPP. Results show that average annual underestimated NPP was 55.74 gC·m^(-2)yr^(-1) over the time period understudied, accounting for 29.06% of the total NPP for the Xinjiang grasslands. The spatial distribution of underestimated NPP is related to both grazing intensity and time. Data for the Xinjiang grasslands show that the average annual NPP was 179.41 gC·m^(-2)yr^(-1), the annual NPP with an increasing trend was observed at a rate of 1.04 gC·m^(-2)yr^(-1) between 1982 and 2011. The spatial distribution of NPP reveals distinct variations from high to low encompassing the geolocations of the Tianshan Mountains, northern and southern Xinjiang Province and corresponding with mid-mountain meadow, typical grassland, desert grassland, alpine meadow, and saline meadow grassland types. This study contributes to improving RS-based NPP estimations for grazed land and provides a more accurate data to support the scientific management of fragile grassland ecosystems in Xinjiang.

关键词： Remote sensing defoliation formulation model Net primary production Grazed land Spatial-temporal patterns Xinjiang

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Effects of planting patterns on yield, quality, and defoliation in machine-harvested cotton

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2019年第9期18卷 2019-2028页

作者： WANG Fang-yong HAN Huan-yong LIN Hai CHEN Bing KONG Xian-hui NING Xin-zhu WANG Xu-wen YU Yu LIU Jing-de Cotton Research Institute Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science/Northwest Inland Region Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology and Genetic Breeding Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs

The aim of this study was to elucidate the effects of different machine-harvested cotton-planting patterns on defoliation,yield,and fiber quality in cotton and to provide support for improving the quality of machine-harvested *** the 2015 and 2016 growing seasons,the Xinluzao 45(XLZ45)and Xinluzao 62(XLZ62)cultivars,which are primarily cultivated in northern Xinjiang,were used as study *** wide-narrow row(WNR),wide and ultra-narrow row(UNR),wide-row spacing with high density(HWR),and wide-row spacing with low density(LWR)planting patterns were used to assess the effects of planting patterns on defoliation,yield,and fiber *** with WNR,the seed cotton yields were significantly decreased by 2.06–5.48%for UNR and by 2.50–6.99%for LWR,*** main cause of reduced yield was a reduction in bolls per unit *** variation in HWR yield was–1.07–1.07%with reduced bolls per unit area and increased boll weight,thus demonstrating stable *** terms of fiber quality indicators,the planting patterns only showed significant effects on the micronaire value,with wide-row spacing patterns showing an increase in the micronaire *** defoliation and boll-opening results showed that the number of leaves and dried leaves in HWR was the lowest among the four planting *** to the application of defoliating agent and before machine-harvesting,the numbers of leaves per individual plant in HWR were decreased by 14.45 and 25.00%on average,respectively,compared with WNR,while the number of leaves per unit area was decreased by 27.44 and 36.21%on average,*** rates of boll-opening and defoliation in HWR were the ***,the boll-opening rate before defoliation and machine-harvesting in HWR was 44.54 and 5.94%higher on average than in WNR,while the defoliation rate prior to machine-harvesting was 3.45%higher on average than in *** numbers of ineffective defoliated leaves and leaf trash in HWR were

关键词： machine-harvested cotton planting patterns defoliation yield quality

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The legacy effects of rubber defoliation period on the refoliation phenology,leaf disease,and latex yield

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Plant Diversity 2023年第1期45卷 98-103页

作者： De-Li Zhai Jian-Chu Xu Center for Mountain Futures Kunming Institute of BotanyKunming 650201YunnanChina Institute of Environment and Ecology School of the Environment and Safety EngineeringJiangsu University301 Xuefu RoadZhenjiang212013Jiangsu ProvinceChina Key Laboratory for Economic Plants and Biotechnology Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of Sciences132 Lanhei RoadKunming 650201YunnanChina East and Central Asia Regional Office World Agroforestry(ICRAF)Kunming 650201YunnanChina

The leaf phenology of trees has received particular attention for its crucial role in the global water and carbon balances,ecosystem,and species ***,current studies on leaf phenology have mainly focused on temperate trees,while few studies including tropical *** attention has been paid to globally extensive industrial *** plantations are important to both the local and global *** this study,we investigated the legacy effects of defoliation phenology on the following year’s leaf flushing,leaf disease,and also latex yield of rubber trees,an economically important tree to local people and the *** show that extended duration of defoliation increased the subsequent duration of refoliation and rates of infection by powdery mildew disease,but led to reduced latex yield in *** legacy effect of rubber defoliation may relate to the carbohydrate reserved in the trees.A longer duration of defoliation would consume more reserved carbohydrates,reducing available reserves for disease defense and latex *** duration of defoliation period was associated with either a lower temperature before the cessation of latex tapping in October-November and/or a higher temperature after the cessation of latex tapping in *** falling signals the end of photosynthetic activities in deciduous ***,the leaf falling phenology will impact ecological processes involving rubber *** findings indicated that the inclusion of defoliation periods in future rubber trees’ research,will be crucial to furthering our understanding of leaf flushing,powdery mildew disease,and latex yield.

关键词： Carbohydrate defoliation Legacy effect Phenology Rubber trees

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defoliation affects the root competitive balance for N between Poa annua plants grown in a split‐root box

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Grassland Research 2022年第2期1卷 94-102页

作者： Sayuki Mori Louis John Irving School of Life and Environmental Sciences University of TsukubaTsukubaJapan

Background:Plants compete aboveground for light and belowground for patchily distributed *** causes an immediate loss of leaf area and photosynthetic capacity,leading to reduced root growth,with hypothesised implications for nutrient uptake and nitrogen use ***:In Experiment 1,we grew single plants in split root boxes with N supplied equally or unequally,with half the plants subject to repeated defoliation to quantify the impact of each *** Experiment 2,we grew pairs of Poa annua plants in three‐chamber split root boxes,with N supplied either to the outer chambers(no competition)or to a shared centre chamber(competition),to quantify the influence of defoliation on root ***:In Experiment 1,defoliation caused a significant decrease in root mass but did not affect root distribution between chambers,while differential N supply led to an 11%increase in shoot *** Experiment 2,strong root competition was seen in undefoliated plants under competitive *** one plant was defoliated,the other exhibited increased shoot mass and N content in competitive,but not noncompetitive ***:Our data suggest that plant belowground competitive success following defoliation may be strongly influenced by the spatial distribution of soil resources.

关键词： competition defoliation differential growth nitrogen nitrogen use efficiency Poa annua root

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defoliation in Flue-cured Tobacco and Its Reasons

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Agricultural Biotechnology 2017年第3期6卷 47-50页

作者： Chungui TANG Fan LI Hongwu YANG Pengfeng CHEN Li LI Jiamei LI Xinjian CHEN Hongxiang GUO Weiqun LIU Changsha Municipal Tobacco Company Hunan Provincial Tobacco Company Liuyang Branch of Changsha Tobacco Company College of Life Science Henan Agricultural University

The flue-cured tobacco G80 is not only one of the characteristic varieties in Changsha, but also indispensable raw materials for the series of Baisha ciga- rette. defoliation during the late stage of growth seriously reduces the yield and quality of tobacco, and limits the popularization and application of G80. In this pa- per, in order to investigate the reasons for the defoliation of G80, the transverse section structure, cellulose content and differential proteins of leaf major veins were analyzed. The results revealed that the autolysis and collapse of parenchyma cells is the main cause of defoliation, and fimgal infection is a factor inducing the au- tolysis of parenchyma cells. Application of bud suppression agent is one of the main ways to prevent fungal infection. The low cellulose content, low synthetic ability of xylan and pectin, the low removal ability of abnormal protein and low immune responsiveness are the inner reason for defoliation of flue-cured tobacco G80.

关键词： Tobacco Characteristic varieties G80 defoliation

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Impact of Three Isolates of Cercosporidium personatum (Berk. Et M.A Curt.), a Pathogen of Late Leaf Spot, on defoliation and Yield in Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) under Controlled Conditions

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2023年第10期14卷 1101-1114页

作者： Bawomon Fidèle Neya Tobdem Gaston Dabire Alassane Ouattara Amado Sawadogo Diariétou Sambakhe Kouka Hamidou Sogoba Tounwendsida Abel Nana Ibié Gilles Thio Frank Essem Kadidia Koita University Center of Gaoua Nazi BONI University Bobo Dioulasso Burkina Faso Life and Earth Sciences Unit Joseph KI-ZERBO University Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Senegalese Institute of Agricultural Research/CERAAS Thiès Senegal Institute for the Environment and Agricultural Research (INERA) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Akenten Appiah-Menka University of Skills Training and Entrepreneurial Development Mampong Ghana

Late leaf spot caused by Cercosporidium personatum is one of the most widespread groundnut leaf diseases. Along with early leaf spot and rust, it is one of the main fungal diseases hampering groundnut production worldwide. Late leaf spot accounts for significant yield losses throughout the world where groundnuts are grown. This reduction in yield caused by the disease could result in yield losses of between 50% and 70%. In Burkina Faso, the disease is present throughout the country, with incidence varying according to region and season. Could the variability in the incidence of the disease be linked to the nature of the isolates or to the conditions from each agro-ecological zone? In this study, the aim was to assess the capacity of three isolates from three agroclimatic zones of the country to defoliate and reduce groundnut yield. To this end, three isolates of Cercosporidium personatum (Berk. Et M.A Curt.) were collected in these zones and evaluated on three contrasting groundnut varieties. A split-splot design was used for the experiment. Isolates were prepared from samples collected in farmers’ fields. After incubation in the laboratory, leaf spots showing good sporulation were scraped off with a scalpel after immersing the leaves in distilled water. Inoculations were carried out under controlled environment. After inoculation with the isolate, the percentage of defoliation and the reduction in yield of these varieties were then evaluated. Inoculation was carried out from the 30th day after sowing with Cercosporidium personatum spore suspensions at 105 spores/ml. The study showed that the percentage of defoliation (P = 0.0001) and the reduction in yield (P = 0.0001) were significant. The study revealed that, whatever the variety, isolate I3TF from the Upper Basins region in the South Sudanese zone caused the greatest defoliation and the greatest reduction in yield. The variety TS32-1, regardless of the isolate used for the treatment, recorded the best

关键词： Arachis hypogaea Isolate Late Leaf Spot Cercosporidum personatum Yield defoliation

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Artificial defoliation to Simulate Losses on Production of Bean (<i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i>L. cv. Goytacazes)

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Agricultural Sciences 2019年第8期10卷 1023-1031页

作者： Omar Schmildt Vinicius de Souza Oliveira Dirceu Pratissoli José Augusto Teixeira do Amaral Marcio Paulo Czepak Adriel Lima Nascimento Edilson Romais Schmildt Postgraduate Program in Tropical Agriculture Federal University of Espírito Santo S&#227 o Mateus ES Brazil Department of Agronomy Federal University of Espírito Santo Alegre ES Brazil Departament of Agrarian and Biological Sciences Federal University of Espírito Santo S&#227 o Mateus ES Brazil

The reduction of foliar area can cause yield reduction in common bean crops. The objective of this work was to verify which is the effect of different defoliation levels realized in several development stages of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Goytacazes) over yield, weight of 100 seeds and number of pods per plant. The experimental design was randomized blocks, in a split-plot arrangement with five replications. The plot corresponded to the five defoliation epochs (first trifoliate leaf, flowering, pods formation, pods filling, and dry pods). In each plot, the split plot was represented by the four defoliation levels (0%, 33%, 67% and 100%). It was observed a decrease of yield for all levels defoliation considering all development stages, except for dried pods. The highest decrease was detected for flowering and pods formation. Through the regression analysis got a greater reduction in yield with 100% defoliation made at 42 days after emergence. The evaluation parameter that showed better relation with yield was a number of pods per plant.

关键词： Common Bean defoliation Grain Productivity Mass of Seeds Pods

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Compensatory Growth Responses to defoliation of Peony under Different Intensity and Frequency Conditions

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Agricultural Science & Technology 2008年第3期9卷 103-106页

作者：赵威周大彪刘改秀河南科技大学农学院河南洛阳471003 中国洛阳国家牡丹基因库河南洛阳471006

[Objective] It aimed to find an optimum condition for compensatory growth of peony.[Method] The different defoliation intensies and frequencies of penoy were implemented to observe accumulated aboveground biomass, regenerated bud number,stem-leaf ratio and the chlorophyll concentration change in residual leaves.[Result] When the defoliation frequency was conducted every 20 d once and defoliaton intensity was from 40%-60%,the accumulated biomass was biggest, when the defoliation frequency was conducted every 10 d once and defoliation intensity was from 60%-80% the regenerated bud number was *** stem-leaf ratio of mild and moderate defoliation intensities(20%-60%) was significantly lower than that of control *** the defoliation frequency was conducted every 20 d once and defoliation intensity was from 40%-60%,the chlorophyll concentration in residual leaves was obviously higher than that of control group.[Conclusion] The proper defoliation intensity(60%) and lower defoliation frequency(defoliation was conducted every 20 d once) were most favorable to the growth and regenerated of peony which was the compensatory growth.

关键词： Peony defoliation intensity defoliation frequency Compensatory growth

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Morphometric Attributes of Two Native Forage Species According to Water Source Distance in Semiarid Central Grasslands of Argentina

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PHYTON-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024年第8期93卷 2063-2074页

作者： Suarez, Carla Etel Rossini, Maria Sol Morici, Ernesto Francisco Atilio Esterlich, Hector Daniel UNLPam Fac Agron Lab Ecol Ambientes Semiaridos Ecol Vegetal RA-6300 Santa Rosa Argentina UNLPam Fac Agron CONICET APN RA-6300 Santa Rosa Argentina UNLPam Fac Ciencias Vet RA-6360 Gen Pico Argentina

The semiarid grasslands of Argentina ' s central region have been modi fi ed by domestic livestock grazing, both in their composition and structure. The increase in the proportion of woody and non-forage species and the decrease in forage species are some of the most evident results of this process. There is limited available information about the effect of differential grazing pressures on morphometric attributes of native species, and it also depends on the life histories of the species in this grassland. The objective of this work was to evaluate some morphometric aspects in the grasses Poa ligularis Nees ex Steud and Piptochaetium napostaense (Speg.). Hack according to distance from the water source in communities in the central semiarid region of Argentina. The study area included areas of low grassland, golden forests, and secondary forests in grasslands (6 fi elds with 9 paddocks). Grazing pressure was established based on the distance to the water source, so sampling areas were designated near the water source (grazing pressure is greater) and far from the water source (grazing pressure light) in each of the pastures. In both species, specimens were selected at random, and the following attributes were measured: crown diameter at ground level (cm), burial depth (cm), average tiller weight per plant (g. Marcello - 1 ), and the density of tillers per unit of crown surface (*** - 2 crown). The morphometric attributes evaluated showed differences according to the distance to the watering hole and in the different pastures. Both species presented similar behaviors for the attributes. There were signi fi cant differences in the depth of burial and the average weight of tillers per plant, being greater in the areas close to the water source. Regarding the distance to the watering hole, there were no signi fi cant differences in crown diameter and tiller density, but the highest values were recorded for the former near the watering hole and for the second far

关键词： Grazing pressure tiller density tiller weight crown burial depth Poa ligularis Piptochaetium napostaense GRASSES defoliation TOLERANCE LIVESTOCK HERBIVORY

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