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Pharmacokinetics of Enrofloxacin and Its Metabolite in Carp (cyprinus carpio) After a Single Oral Administration in Medicated Feed

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2023年第1期22卷 171-180页

作者： LIU Ying LI Zhaoxin ZHANG Dahai XING Lihong SUN Weihong SUN Xiaojie PENG Jixing ZHANG Yonggang LI Xianguo College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China Qingdao Fishery Technology Service Station Qingdao 266071China Qingdao Marine Management Support Center Qingdao 266071China Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Aquatic Product Safety and Quality Laboratory of Quality&Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic ProductsMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsYellow Sea Fisheries Research InstituteChinese Academy of Fishery SciencesQingdao 266071China

A precise and reliable analytical method of high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(HPLCMS/MS)was developed to measure trace levels of enrofloxacin(ENR)and its major metabolite ciprofloxacin(CIP)in carp tissues.Optimized chromatographic separation was obtained on a Waters Xterra MS C_(18) reversed-phase column using gradient elution with methanol and 0.1%formic acid aqueous solution including 5mmolL^(-1) of ammonium acetate.The established method was applied to study the pharmacokinetics and distribution of ENR and CIP in tissues of carp following a single oral administration in feed at a dosage of 40mgkg^(-1) bw(body weight).Data were analyzed using DAS 2.0 dynamics software,and the experimental results suggest that ENR was rapidly absorbed and extensively distributed in carp tissues through systemic circulation,and the pharmacokinetic characteristics can be described with a two-compartment model.The elimination half-lives(t_(1/2β))from muscle,liver,gill,plasma and skin were 131,160,104,132 and 310 h,respectively.The areas under the drug concentration-time curves(AUC)for these tissues were 491,972,750,249 and 706hmgkg^(-1),respectively.The maximum concentration(C_(max))values were 13,29,37,9 and 5mgkg^(-1) with peak times(t_(max))of 8,4,4,2 and 4 h,respectively.Ciprofloxacin,the active metabolite of ENR,was also detected in carp tissues,indicating that only 1.54%of de-ethylation of ENR occurs in carp.At a water temperature of 18℃,the drug withdrawal time was determined to be no less than 24 d while the carp was fed at a single dosage of 40mgkg^(-1).

关键词： cyprinus carpio enrofloxacin ciprofloxacin pharmacokinetics liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

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Intercross population study reveals that co-mutation of mitfa genes in two subgenomes induces red skin color in common carp(cyprinus carpio wuyuanensis)

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Zoological Research 2023年第2期44卷 276-286页

作者： Bi-Jun Li Lin Chen Meng-Zhen Yan Xiao-Qing Zou Yu-Lin Bai Ya-Guo Xue Zhou Jiang Bao-Hua Chen Cheng-Yu Li Qian He Jian-Xin Feng Tao Zhou Peng Xu State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science College of Ocean and Earth SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamenFujian 361102China Fujian Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of Marine Organisms College of Ocean and Earth SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamenFujian 361102China College of Fisheries Henan Normal UniversityXinxiangHenan 453007China Henan Academy of Fishery Science ZhengzhouHenan 450039China

Common carp are among the oldest domesticated fish in the world.As such,there are many food and ornamental carp strains with abundant phenotypic variations due to natural and artificial selection.Hebao red carp(HB,cyprinus carpio wuyuanensis),an indigenous strain in China,is renowned for its unique body morphology and reddish skin.To reveal the genetic basis underlying the distinct skin color of HB,we constructed an improved highfidelity(HiFi) HB genome with good contiguity,completeness,and correctness.Genome structure comparison was conducted between HB and a representative wild strain,Yellow River carp(YR,C.carpio haematopterus),to identify structural variants and genes under positive selection.Signatures of artificial selection during domestication were identified in HB and YR populations,while phenotype mapping was performed in a segregating population generated by HB×YR crosses.Body color in HB was associated with regions with fixed mutations.The simultaneous mutation and superposition of a pair of homologous genes(mitfa) in chromosomes A06 and B06 conferred the reddish color in domesticated HB.Transcriptome analysis of common carp with different alleles of the mitfa mutation confirmed that gene duplication can buffer the deleterious effects of mutation in allotetraploids.This study provides new insights into genotype-phenotype associations in allotetraploid species and lays a foundation for future breeding of common carp.

关键词： cyprinus carpio Artificial selection Coloration mitfa Structural variant

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Effects of BDE-209 exposure on growth performance, intestinal digestive enzymes, and intestinal microbiome in common carp (cyprinus carpio L.)

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Aquaculture and Fisheries 2023年第1期8卷 33-41页

作者： Xulu Chang Meiru Kang Junchang Feng Jianxin Zhang Xianfeng Wang College of Fisheries Henan Normal UniversityXinxiang453007China

Polybrominated diphenyl ether has become a widespread environmental pollutant in aquatic environments.BDE-209,a prominent PBDEs found in the environment and wildlife,has been proven to cause oxidative stress,immune damage and endocrine system disorders in fish.However,the effects of BDE-209 on the intestinal health of fish remain unclear.This research aimed to determine the effects of BDE-209 on the growth performance,digestive enzymes activities and intestinal microbiota of common carp.After 60-day exposure,the growth performance of common carp were remarkably decreased(P0.05).Overall,exposure to BDE-209 could alter the intestinal microbiota of common carp,which may affect their growth and threaten their health.

关键词： BDE-209 cyprinus carpio intestinal Microbiota Digestive enzyme

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Immunomolecular response of CD4^(+),CD8^(+),TNF-α and IFN-γ in Myxobolus-infected koi(cyprinus carpio)treated with probiotics

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Aquaculture and Fisheries 2023年第5期8卷 514-527页

作者： Uun Yanuhar Nico Rahman Caesar Nur Sakinah Junirahma Rachmat Noer Soelistyoadi Department of Aquatic Resources Management Faculty of Fisheries and Marine SciencesBrawijaya UniversityJalan VeteranMalangEast Java65145Indonesia Doctoral Program of Environment Science Post Graduate ProgramBrawijaya UniversityJalan VeteranMalangEast Java65145Indonesia Fish Quarantine Center for Quality Control and Safety of Fishery Products Surabaya I Ministry of Marine Affairs and FisheriesSurabayaEast Java60115Indonesia

A poor environment increases fish’s susceptibility to myxosporean infection that can cause the death of larval fish,especially for koi fish(cyprinus carpio).This study aimed to determine the effect of probiotics,local anti-parasitic drugs(kutuklin),and the chemical compound diflubenzuron treatments on the koi immune response.This study used PCR with specific primer 18S SSU rDNA and DNA sequencing to detect Myxobulus phylogenetic.The treatments were divided into 5 groups:Treatment(A)(healthy koi without treatment),(B)(infected koi without treatment),(C)(infected koi with 0.55 mL/30 L probiotics),(D)(infected koi with 1μL/g of feed kutuklin),and(E)(infected koi with 0.02 mg/5 L dimilin).Myxospore has observed with Scanning Electron Microscopy(SEM)and 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole(DAPI)fluorescence staining.The histological analysis using semi-quantitative scoring methods,and flow cytometry was conducted to analyse the immune response of Cluster of differentiation 4(CD4^(+)),Cluster of differentiation 8(CD8^(+)),Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha(TNF-α),Interferon gamma(IFN-γ)cells in the gills.Results show that the histological analysis indicated edema,hyperplasia,lamella fusion,congestion,and hypertrophy lesions in infected koi.Treatment with probiotics shows the lowest damage(30.6%).The immune responses of CD4^(+)and CD8^(+)cells to dimilin treatment were 10.54%and 16.86%,respectively.The largest TNF-αand IFN-γresponse were for the kutuklin treatment(29.26%)and probiotics treatment(8.23%).

关键词： cyprinus carpio Flowcytometry Immune responses Myxobolus koi Probiotic

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Quantitative structure-activity relationships for the Toxicity of Substituted Benzenes to cyprinus carpio

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2005年第1期18卷 53-57页

作者： GUANG-HUALU CHAOWANG XINGYUAN PEI-ZHENLANG CollegeofEnvironmentalScienceandEngineering HehaiUniversityNanjingJiangsu210098China DepartmentofEnvironmentalScience NortheastNormalUniversityChangchunJilin130024China

To measure the 96h-LC50 values of 32 substituted benzenes to the carp and to study the relationship between quantitative structure-activity and structural parameters of chemicals. Methods The acute toxicity values of 32 substituted benzenes to the carp were determined in a semistatic test. The energy of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital, and the highest occupied molecular orbital, the dipole moment and the molecular weight of substituted benzenes were calculated by the quantum chemical method MOPAC6.0. Results The range of the toxicity of studied compounds was broad, and the most toxic compound was pentachlorophenol, while the least toxic compound was 4-methylaniline. By the stepwise regression analyses, a series of Quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) equations were derived from all compounds and subclasses. The equation log1/LC50=0.759logP +2.222 (R2 (adj)=0.818) was found to fit well and the average predicted percentage error was 6.16%. Conclusion The toxicity of anilines and phenols to the carp could be modeled well by logP alone, whereas the toxicity of the halogenated benzenes and nitrobenznes not containing hydroxyl or amino group can be controlled by hydrophobic and electronic factors.

关键词： h-LC50 cyprinus carpio Hydrophobicity Orbital energy

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Assessment of toxicity of two nitroaromatic compounds in the freshwater fish cyprinus carpio

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2012年第4期6卷 518-523页

作者： Hongyan SHEN Jixi GAO Jinsheng WANG College of Water Science Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China School of Environmental Science and Engineering Hebei University of Science and TechnologyShijiazhuang 050018China Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences SEPANanjing 210042China

This study was conducted to evaluate the toxicological response ofp-nitrotoluene and p-nitroaniline to the key fish species, cyprinus carpio. A freshwater fish bioassay based on the 96 h LC50 was used to estimate the single and joint toxicity of the two chemicals. The toxicity of p-nitrotoluene was greater than that of pnitroaniline based on 96 h LCso values of 40.74 mg.L^-1 and 48.99mg.L^-1, respectively. Both compounds had moderate toxicity toward cyprinus carpio, and this toxicity increased with the exposure duration and con- centration. Binary mixtures of the compounds were more toxic than the individual compounds at 96 h, and they acted upon partial addition. When the exposure time was longer, the toxicity increased for mixtures of compounds with the same concentration or toxicity. The results of this study suggest that exposure to a combination of these chemicals would result in a higher environmental risk in aquatic systems than exposure to either compound alone. Further research is needed to investigate the combined effects and sublethal toxicity of p-nitrotoluene and p- nitroaniline, since they are both still used in China.

关键词： joint toxicity cyprinus carpio LC50 pnitrotoluene p-nitroaniline toxic unit

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Exploring the sublethal genotoxic effects of class II organophosphorus insecticide quinalphos on freshwater fish cyprinus carpio

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2021年第2期39卷 661-670页

作者： Devan HEMALATHA Bojan NATARAJ Basuvannan RANGASAMY Kannan MAHARAJAN Mathan RAMESH Unit of Toxicology Department of ZoologySchool of Life SciencesBharathiar UniversityCoimbatore-641046Tamil NaduIndia Department of Zoology PSG College of Arts&ScienceCoimbatore-641014Tamil NaduIndia

The genotoxic effects of quinalphos(QP)were evaluated in the erythrocytes of cyprinus carpio using the comet,micronucleus,and nuclear abnormality assays.The 96 h LC_(50) value of quinalphos,estimated by static renewal system,was 10.9µL/L.On the basis of the LC_(50) value,two sublethal concentrations(1.09 and 2.18µL/L)of the compound were used together with cyclophosphamide(5 mg/L)as the positive control.The fish were exposed for 35 d,and sampling was done at the end of 7,14,21,28,and 35 d.Our results reveal a significant dose-dependent increase in the frequencies of DNA strand breaks,micronucleus,and nuclear abnormalities.Similar responses were also observed in fish exposed to the positive genotoxin cyclophosphamide.The collective findings demonstrated that quinalphos exerts a genotoxic effect on C.carpio.The results further confirmed that the comet,micronucleus,and nuclear abnormality assays are useful tools in determining the potential genotoxicity of pesticides towards aquatic organisms.

关键词： quinalphos(QP) micronucleus nuclear abnormalities cyclophosphamide cyprinus carpio

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Biological Significance of [^(14)C]Phenol Accumulation in Different Organs of a Murrel, Channa punctatus, and the Common Carp, cyprinus carpio

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 1990年第3期3卷 337-342页

作者： DILIP MUKHERJEE DILIP MUKHERJEE SHELLEY BHATTACHARYA VINOD KUMAR JAIDEEP MOITRA Environmental Toxicology Laboratory Department of Zoology Visva-Bharati University Santiniketan 761235 India and Department of Zoology University of Kalyani Kalyani. 741235 India

Phenol, a ubiquitous component of industrial effluents, is a common pollutant of water resources and a serious threat to fish.The present work demonstrates that a significant amount of phenol is retained by various tissues of the common carp.cyprinus carpio.and the snake-headed murrel.Channa punclatus.The rate of [^(14)C] phenol accumulation was higher in the carp than in the murrel.It is suggested that retention of phenol in the brain and ovary may seriously afiect the reproductive potential of the fish. 1990 Academic Press.Inc.

关键词： cyprinus carpio Biological Significance of C]Phenol Accumulation in Different Organs of a Murrel Channa punctatus

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鲤鱼(cyprinus carpio)的水静机制

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Current Zoology 1961年第Z1期 33-52页

作者：秉志,潘星光中国科学院动物研究所中国科学院动物研究所

序言若干种硬骨鱼的气鳔、韦氏器官(Weberian organ)及其内耳构成一种机制,对于鱼体在水中种种活动及生理之需要甚有关系,谓之水静机制(hydrostatic mechanism)。据文献所载,关于鲤鱼之此种机制,尚无充分精确与完备的报告。为此特就此... 详细信息

序言若干种硬骨鱼的气鳔、韦氏器官(Weberian organ)及其内耳构成一种机制,对于鱼体在水中种种活动及生理之需要甚有关系,谓之水静机制(hydrostatic mechanism)。据文献所载,关于鲤鱼之此种机制,尚无充分精确与完备的报告。为此特就此一问题,作较详的研究,所得结果如后所述。

关键词：中面韦氏器官分枝椭圆囊 cyprinus carpio 舟骨内淋巴管半规管肌带焦体

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Effects of cadmium and copper on sialic acid levels in blood and brain tissues of cyprinus carpio L.

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Journal of Coastal Life Medicine 2014年第9期2卷 673-678页

作者： Utku Güner Elvan Bakar Trakya University Faculty of ScienceDepartment of BiologyBalkan CampusEdirneTurkey Trakya University Faculty of PharmacyBalkan CampusEdirneTurkey

Objective:To investigate the effects of cadmium(Cd)and copper(Cu)on sialic acid levels of brain and blood tissues of cyprinus carpio.Methods:Adult carps were exposed to 0.1,0.5 mg/L Cu,0.1,0.5 and 1.0 mg/L Cd and 0.1 mg/L Cu+0.1 mg/L Cd under static experiment conditions for 1 week.At the end of exposure period,heavy metal accumulations and sialic acid levels in blood and brain tissues of the test animals were analyzed.Results:Cu and Cd accumulated in tissues in a dramatically increasing dose-dependent manner.Sialic acids level of the fish exposed to 0.1,0.5 and 1.0 mg/L Cu and Cd and control grups for 1 week were 0.834,1.427,0.672,0.934,2.968,4.714 mg/mL respectively.The results also showed that Cu has an antagonistic effect on tissue sialic acid level.Conclusions:We propose that Cd and Cu make a complex with sialic acids of membranes in the tissues researched.This complex between metal ions and sialic acid migth account for the cellular toxicity based on Cu and Cd.

关键词： Carp cyprinus carpio Copper Cadmium Sialic acid Blood Brain Metal accumulation

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