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Microstructure and Ultrastructure Changes of Panax ginseng Root Tip that Infected by cylindrocarpon destructans at Early Stage

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Medicinal Plant 2018年第1期9卷 77-79页

作者： Yuan GAO Wanlong DING Rong WANG Yong LI Institute of Medicinal Plant Development Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College

[Objectives] To study the microstructure and ultrastructure changes of P. ginseng root tip infected by C. destructans. [Methods]The paraffin section and superfine slice were used to observe the microstructure and ultrastructure of root tip of P. ginseng,respectively.[Results] Microstructure and ultrastructure observation indicated that,the morphology and structure of epidermal cells of P. ginseng were regular,cells had abundant contents,and organelles were easy to observe in control. However,after infected by C. destructans,the cell walls were thicken seven days post inoculation,particles were deposited in epidemic cells and pith,cell walls were broken,and cells began to disintegrate. Furthermore,morphology of cells was abnormal and contents in cells were decreased when infected by C. destructans. The organelles were break up,and difficult to be distinguished. [Conclusions] Through the results we deduced that,the hypha of C. destructans should firstly invade the epidermal cells of P. ginseng,and then enter into the xylem of P. ginseng root through the intercellular space,which obstructed the transport of water and inorganic salt,and finally led to death of ginseng seedlings.

关键词： Panax ginseng cylindrocarpon destructans Infection Microstructure Ultrastructure

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Studies on the Control of cylindrocarpon destructans of American Ginseng by Soil Antagonistic Microbes and Organic Amendment “Mx”

Studies on the Control of Cylindrocarpon destructans of Amer...

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2008 International Conference on Ginseng

作者： WU Lian-ju WEI Yun-jie GUAN Yi-ming PANG Shi-feng Institute of Special Wild Economic Animal and Plant Science,CAAS.JiLin132109,China

Objective,To study on the control of cylindrocarpon destructans of American ginseng by soil antagonistic microbes and organic amendment"Mx".Methods Based on soil-microbes-pathogen pairing culture selected soil antagonistic microbes,to test the control of cylindrocarpon destructans of American ginseng by soil antagonistic microbes and organic amendment"Mx".Results Based on soil-microbes-pathogen(cylindrocarpon destructans) pairing culture,four strains was screened out from them,namely Bacillus spp.(Bc,Bc)and Trichoderma spp.(T,T).Which have effective inhibition on the growth of pathogen (cylindrocarpon destructans).However,the strain Bcis the best one on inhibiting pathogen with the 80.9% mycelia growth *** action mechanism of organic amendments"Mx"involved in soil against these soil boil pathogens was also discussed *** control effects applying the antagonistic microbes Bcoog,Twere 68.6% and 65.1% in the field test,respectively. The single use of"Mx"not only was effective to a certain extent in controlling this disease,but also had a function of stimulating host plant *** The results of this showed that organic amendment"Mx",coated with antagonistic microorganisms gave good control effects on rusty roots of American ginseng caused by cylindrocarpon destructans.

关键词： Organic amendment Antagonistic microbes cylindrocarpon destructans Biological control

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Studies on the Control of cylindrocarpon destructans of American Ginseng by Soil Antagonistic Microbes and Organic Amendment “Mx”

Studies on the Control of Cylindrocarpon destructans of Amer...

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2008中国·吉林国际人参大会

作者： WU Lian-ju WEI Yun-jie GUAN Yi-ming PANG Shi-feng(Institute of Special Wild Economic Animal and Plant Science,CAAS.,Jilin 132109,China)

Objective To study on the control of cylindrocarpon destructans of American ginseng by soil antagonistic microbes and organic amendment"Mx".Methods Based on soil-microbes-pathogen pairing culture selected soil antagonistic microbes,to test the control of cylindrocarpon destructans of American ginseng by soil antagonistic microbes and organic amendment"Mx".Results Based on soil-microbes- pathogen (cylindrocarpon destructans) pairing culture,four strains was screened out from them,namely Bacillus spp.(Bc,Bc) and Trichoderma spp.(T,T).Which have effective inhibition on the growth of pathogen ( cylindrocarpon desk).However,the strain Bc is the best one on inhibiting pathogen with the 80.9% mycelia growth *** action mechanism of organic amendments"Mx"involved in soil against these soil boil pathogens was also discussed *** control effects ap- plying the antagonistic microbes Bc,T were 68.6% and 65.1% in the field test,*** single use of"Mx"not only was effective to a certain extent in controlling this disease,but also had a function of stimulating host plant *** The results of this showed that organic amendment"Mx",coated with antagonistic microorganisms gave good control effects on rusty roots of American gin- seng caused by cylindrocarpon destntctans.

关键词： organic amendment antagonistic microbes cylindrocarpon destructans biological control

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Phytopathogenic fungal sensitivity to ginsenoside

Phytopathogenic fungal sensitivity to ginsenoside

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中国第七届植物化感作用学术研讨会

作者： Xue-Song Zhao Jiao Wang Juan Gao College of Mining Industry Liaoning Technical University School of Life Sciences Northeast Normal University

One ginseng pathogen,cylindrocarpon destructans,and four nonpathogens were tested for their sensitivity to pure single ginsenoside Rb、Rb、Rc、Rd、Rg and Re from ginseng root(Panax ginseng ***)using an agar dilution *** results showed that the growths of four nonpathogens of ginseng tested were significantly inhibited by six single ginsenosides,whereas six single ginsenosides exhibited different activity to the ginseng root pathogen ***-type ginsenosides Rb1 and Rb significantly enhanced the growth of *** in a concentration-dependent *** was shown to promote the in vitro growth of ginseng pathogen *** at saponin concentrations of 0.03 to 0.06%(w/v)and inhibited its growth at concentration of 0.125 to 2%(w/v),but the highest growth inhibition by Rc was only4.4%.Rd inhibited faintly the growth of *** in the test concentration range,the highest growth inhibition was 6.2%.Protopanaxatriol-type ginsenosides Re and Rg1 significantly inhibited the growth of *** largest growth inhibition produced by Re and Rg in *** at the highest treatment concentration(2%,w/v)was 17.7%and16.3%,*** may act as allelopathic mediators of plant-fungal interactions.

关键词： single ginsenoside phytopathogenic fungi cylindrocarpon destructans antifungal activity allelopathy

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14种生物杀菌剂对人参锈腐病菌室内毒力测定

14种生物杀菌剂对人参锈腐病菌室内毒力测定

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2014年中国植物保护学会学术年会

作者：魏晓兵傅俊范周如军沈阳农业大学植物保护学院

人参为五加科多年生草本植物,是我国传统名贵中药材,主要分布在我国长白山地区,具有极高的经济价值和药用价值。由毁灭柱孢菌(Clindrocarpon destructans)引起的人参锈腐病是人参产区分布最广和为害最重的土传地下病害。该病主要为害人... 详细信息

人参为五加科多年生草本植物,是我国传统名贵中药材,主要分布在我国长白山地区,具有极高的经济价值和药用价值。由毁灭柱孢菌(Clindrocarpon destructans)引起的人参锈腐病是人参产区分布最广和为害最重的土传地下病害。该病主要为害人参根部及芦头部位,严重影响人参的产量和品质,给参农带来了巨大的经济损失。目前,生产上对于人参锈腐病的防控主要以化学防治为主,由于盲目用药,用药次数过多,剂量过大,极易造成人参产品及参床农药残留超标,严重影响我国人参出口价值。生物杀菌剂是指利用生物活体或其代谢产物针对农业有害生物进行杀灭或抑制的制剂,具有低毒、无残留、不污染环境、对人畜及天敌安全等优点,是目前人参产业大力推广的无公害农药。本研究选取市售14种生物杀菌剂对人参锈腐病菌进行了室内毒力测定,为建立人参安全控害技术体系提供理论依据。供试药剂选自市售生物杀菌剂共14种:0.3%丁子香酚AS(山东亿嘉农化有限公司)、2%蛇床子素EC(武汉天惠生物工程有限公司)、20%井冈霉素SP(山东曹达化工有限公司)、3%中生菌素WP(东莞市瑞德丰生物科技有限公司)、80%乙蒜素EC(淅川宏远化工有限公司)、2%武夷菌素AS(山东潍坊万胜生物杀菌剂有限公司)、6%嘧肽霉素AS(大连奥德植保药业有限公司)、10%多抗霉素WP(兴农药业有限公司)、2%春雷霉素AS(日本北兴化学工业株式会社)、0.2亿CFU/枯草芽孢杆菌DP(山东省寿光嘉禾生物技术有限公司)、8%宁南霉素AS(德强生物股份有限公司)、4%嘧啶核苷类抗生素AS(深圳诺普信农化股份有限公司)、3亿CFU/g哈茨木霉菌WP(美国拜沃股份有限公司)、72%农用链霉素SP(华北制药股份有限公司)。采用生长速率法。将上述药剂分别配制成6个浓度梯度,将每种供试药剂加入冷却至50℃左右的PDA培养基中制成含药平板,接种直径为4mm的菌饼,以不加药剂的平板接菌饼作对照,每个处理设5次重复。20℃恒温培养箱中培养,采用十字交叉法测量菌落直径,并计算不同药剂及药剂的不同质量浓度对病菌菌丝生长的抑制率,求出生长抑制率并换算成抑制概率值,将其作为因变量(y),药剂质量浓度的对数值作为自变量(x),利用最小二乘法建立"质量浓度对数-概率值"直线方程,求毒力回归方程和相关系数,并计算EC值。试验结果表明:0.3%丁子香酚AS对人参锈腐病菌的毒力较高,其EC为0.14mg/L;其次为2%蛇床子素EC、20%井冈霉素SP和3%中生菌素WP,EC值分别为24.77mg/L、41.75mg/L和68.59mg/L。80%乙蒜素EC、2%武夷菌素AS、6%嘧肽霉素AS、10%多抗霉素WP和2%春雷霉素AS EC值在100000mg/L。0.2亿CFU/g枯草芽孢杆菌DP、8%宁南霉素AS、4%嘧啶核苷类抗生素AS、3亿CFU/g哈茨木霉菌WP和72%农用链霉素SP对锈腐病菌毒力较差,其EC值均在1000mg/L以上。从以上试验结果可以看出:0.3%丁子香酚AS对人参锈腐病菌有较强的抑制作用。0.3%丁子香酚AS是从丁香中提取的植物杀菌剂,毒性低,不可与碱性农药及铜制剂混合使用,连续使用不产生抗药性。目前,主要用于番茄灰霉病和辣椒疫病的防治,且效果良好,尚未有用于人参锈腐病防治的报道。有研究表明,丁香提取液对人参黑斑病菌有较好的抑制作用,因此,0.3%丁子香酚AS在防治人参病害方面具有良好的应用前景。2%蛇床子素EC是一种新型生物杀菌剂,据报道该药剂主要通过抑制真菌细胞壁上的几丁质沉积表现抑菌活性,还可抑制病原菌孢子产生、萌发、黏附、入侵和芽管伸长,对多种作物的白粉病有较好的防效。在本试验中,2%蛇床子素EC表现出较好的抑制作用,可作为防治人参锈腐病的新型药剂与其他药剂轮换使用,以减缓病原菌抗药性的产生。有关0.3%丁子香酚AS和2%蛇床子素EC对人参锈腐病菌的抑菌机制和田间药效试验正在进行中。

关键词：人参锈腐病生物杀菌剂毒力测定 cylindrocarpon destructans

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人参锈腐病防治新药剂筛选

人参锈腐病防治新药剂筛选

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2014年中国植物保护学会学术年会

作者：李昕月付俊范周如军沈阳农业大学植物保护学院

人参(Panax ginseng ***)是传统的名贵药用植物,主要分布在我国东北地区长白山麓。人参锈腐病(cylindrocarpon destructans)是人参产区分布最广和发病时间最长的地下病害,从播种到各参龄都有发生,严重影响人参的产量和品质,在辽宁和吉... 详细信息

人参(Panax ginseng ***)是传统的名贵药用植物,主要分布在我国东北地区长白山麓。人参锈腐病(cylindrocarpon destructans)是人参产区分布最广和发病时间最长的地下病害,从播种到各参龄都有发生,严重影响人参的产量和品质,在辽宁和吉林参区发病率一般为20%0%,个别严重地块可达70%以上。目前,人参锈腐病主要以化学药剂防治为主,由于缺乏系统防控技术研究,盲目用药及滥用农药现象时有发生,极易导致人参产品农药残留超标。本研究选用国内外10种新型杀菌剂对人参锈腐病菌进行室内毒力测定,以期为人参锈腐病高效低毒药剂筛选提供理论依据。供试药剂如下,50%阿克白WP、18.7%凯特WG、50%凯泽WG、60%百泰WG、30%翠泽AS、70%代森联WG、50%翠贝WG,由巴斯夫(中国)有限公司提供;10%世高WG,先正达(中国)投资有限公司;80%代森锰锌WP,陶氏益农农业科技(中国)有限公司;75%百菌清WP,利民化工股份有限公司。采用生长速率法对病原菌进行药剂敏感性测定。在PDA平板上培养人参锈腐病菌,20℃培养10天后,于菌落边缘打成5.0mm的菌饼。将菌饼接种于含有相应浓度药剂的PDA平板上,每个处理3次重复,设空白灭菌培养基为对照。20℃培养10天后,对照菌饼直径超过5.0 cm时用十字交叉法测量菌落直径,计算出抑菌百分率。抑制率(%)=[(对照菌落直径-处理菌落直径)/对照菌落直径]×100。统计出各药剂不同浓度对供试病原菌的抑菌效果。试验结果表明,供试10种杀菌剂对人参锈腐病菌都表现出一定的抑制作用,但不同药剂之间差异显著,且不同药剂在不同浓度下抑菌效果不同,在较高浓度下,抑菌效果相对较好。其中,10%世高WG、18.7%凯特WG和60%百泰WG对病原菌抑制效果较好,以10%世高WG防治效果最佳,在浓度为100mg/L时抑菌率达到87.47%,其EC为1.1918mg/L;其次是60%百泰WG和18.7%凯特WG,抑菌率分别为73.83%和64.33%,EC分别为27.7737mg/L、20.5637mg/L;而75%百菌清WP和50%凯泽WG对病菌的抑制效果较差,500mg/L浓度下抑菌率分别为35.56%和12.44%,其中,50%凯泽WG防效最差,EC达到552 694 280mg/L。人参锈腐病是人参生长过程中发生最普遍、为害最大的人参根部病害之一,且可为害各龄参根,是连作的主要障碍之一,目前,尚没有人参锈腐病专门防治的农药,因此,通过本实验研究可为生产实际中人参锈腐病的防治工作提供理论基础。

关键词：人参锈腐病杀菌剂毒力测定 cylindrocarpon destructans

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