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Exposure to cuticular bacteria can alter host behavior in a funnel-weaving spider

Current Zoology 2018年第3期64卷 721-726页

作者： Olivia B.PARKS Krishna S.KOTHAMASU Michael J.ZIEMBA Morgan BENNER Madison CRISTINZIANO Serena KANTZ Daniel LEGER John LI Devanshi PATEL William RABUSE Samantha SUTTON Amandi WILSON Priyanka BAIREDDY Aditi A.KAMAT Mariah J.CALLAS Matthew J.BORGES Marysa N.SCALIA Emily KLENK Gabrielle SCHERER Maria M.MARTINEZ Sarah R.GRUBS Nancy KAUFMANN Jonathan N.PRUITT Carl N.KEISER Department of Biological Sciences University of PittsburghPittsburghPA 15260USA Department of Ecology Evolutionand Marine BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaSanta BarbaraCA 93106USA Rice University Academy of Fellows Rice UniversityHoustonTX 77005USA Department of BioSciences Rice UniversityHoustonTX 77005USA

Contact with environmental microbes are arguably the most common species interaction in which any animal *** have noted diverse relationships between hosts and resident microbes,which can have strong consequences for host development,physiology,and behavior. Many of these studies focus specifically on pathogens or beneficial microbes,while the benign microbes,of which the majority of bacteria could be described,are often ***,we explore the nature of the relationships between the grass spider Agelenopsis pennsylvanica and bacteria collected from their cuticles in ***,using culture-based methods,we identified a portion of the cuticular bacterial communities that are naturally associated with these ***,we topically exposed spiders to a subset of these bacterial monocultures to estimate how bacterial exposure may alter 3 host behavioral traits:boldness,aggressiveness,and activity *** conducted these behavioral assays 3 times before and 3 times after topical application,and compared the changes observed in each trait with spiders that were exposed to a sterile control *** identified 9 species of bacteria from the cuticles of 36 spiders and exposed groups of 20 spiders to 1 of 4 species of cuticular *** found that exposure to Dermacoccus nishinomiyaensis and Staphylococcus saprophyticus was associated with a lO-fold decrease in the foraging aggressiveness of spiders toward prey in their *** bacterial exposure did not have survival consequences for hosts,these data suggest that interactions with cuticular bacteria,even non- pathogenic bacteria,could alter host behavior.

关键词： Agelenopsis pennsylvanica aggressiveness Araneae cuticular bacteria personality

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Insecticide toxicity associated with detoxification enzymes and genes related to transcription of cuticular melanization among color morphs of Asian citrus psyllid

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Insect Science 2019年第5期26卷 843-852页

作者： Xue Dong Chen Torrence A. Gill Chi D.Nguyen Nabil Killiny Kirsten S.Pelz-Stelinski Lukasz L.Stelinski Entomology and Nematology Department Citrus Research and Education CenterUniversity of FloridaLake AlfredFloridaUSA Environmental Horticulture Department Mid-Florida Research and Education CenterUniversity of FloridaApopkaFloridaUSA Plant Pathology Department Citrus Research and Education CenterUniversity of FloridaLake AlfredFloridaUSA

The Asian citrus psyllid (Diaphorina citri Kuwayama) is known to exhibit abdominal color polymorphisms. In the current study, susceptibility to four insecticides was compared among orange/yellow, blue/green and gray/brown color morphs of field collected D. citri. The LD50 values and 95% fiducial limits were quantified for each insecticide and color morph combination and ranged between 0.10 ng/μL (0.06-0.10) and 6.16 ng//μL (3.30-12.50). Second, we measured the detoxification enzyme activity levels of orange/yellow, blue/green and gray/brown color morphs for cytochrome P450, glutathione "S-transferase, and general esterase. The mean P450 activity (equivalent units) was significantly lower in gray/brown (0.152 ± 0.006) and blue/green morphs (0.149 ± 0.005) than in the orange/yellow morphs (0.179 ± 0.008). GST activity (/imol/min/mg protein) was significantly lower in the orange/yellow morph (299.70 ± 1.24) than gray/brown (350.86 ± 1.19) and blue/green (412.25 ±1.37) morphs. The mean EST activity (/xmol/min/mg protein) was significantly higher in blue/green (416.72±5.12) and gray/brown morphs (362.19 ± 4.69) than in the orange/yellow morphs (282.56 ± 2.93). Additionally, we analyzed the relative expression of assortment genes involved in cuticular melanization and basal immunity. The transcripts of Dopa Decarboxylase and Tyrosine Hydroxylase were expressed higher in blue/green and gray/brown than orange/yellow morphs. The transcription results paralleled the susceptibility of *** to organophosphate, neonicotinoid and pyrethroid insecticides. GST and EST activity may also be correlated with low levels of insecticide susceptibility. cuticular melanization could be a factor for the development of resistance to insecticides among different color morphs.

关键词： cuticular melanization cytochrome P450 esterase gene expression glutathione .S-transferase insecticide susceptibility

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Immunological characterization of recombinant Wuchereria bancrofti cuticular collagen(COL-4)as putative vaccine candidate for human lymphatic filariasis

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2014年第7期7卷 505-512页

作者： Chakkaravarthy Arunkumar Pandurangan Pandiaraja P.R.Prince Perumal Kaliraj Centre for Biotechnology Anna University

Objective:To elucidate immunoprophylactic potential of recombinant Wuchereria bancrofti(***)cuticular collagen(COL-4)in BALB/c mice and filarial clinical ***:col-4 gene was PCR amplified from *** L3 cDNA library and cloned in pRSET B *** COL-4 was over expressed in salt inducible system and was purified by nickel afiinity *** and cellular responses were measured by EUSA and peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMC)of various filarial clinical samples respectively using purified recombinant COL-4 *** the protective immune responses of COL-4 immunized BALB/c mice were ***:Sequence analysis of COL-4 with human host proteins reveals lack of *** recombinant COL-4 was found to be at 15 kDa fusion *** affinity purified COL-4 showed significant reactivity with putatively immune sere and in a similar fashion it demonstrated marked proliferation in PBMC *** studies in experimental filarial host(mice)elicited significant liters with protective antibody isotype profile(IgM and IgG).Cellular immune responses were also significant in terms of splenocytes proliferation assay on mice ***:Our immunological findings in experimental host suggest Th2mediated immune ***,we propose that *** COL-4 could be an efficacious vaccine candidate against lymphatic filariasis.

关键词： Lymphatic filariasis Wuchereria banerofti cuticular collagen Vaccine

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FAR gene enables the brown planthopper to walk and jump on water in paddy field

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2019年第11期62卷 1521-1531页

作者： Dan-Ting Li Xuan Chen Xin-Qiu Wang Chuan-Xi Zhang State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology Institute of Insect ScienceZhejiang University

Many insects can live on water and survive being caught in the *** research has shown that insect cuticular hydrocarbons(CHC)confer desiccation resistance to maintain water *** this study,we identified a fatty acyl-CoA reductase gene(NlFAR)of the rice brown planthopper,Nilaparvata lugens that is essential for the production of CHCs,and found that NlFAR is essential for *** to walk and jump on water when moving from one rice plant to another in paddy *** was mainly expressed in the integument at the beginning of each *** surface analysis by scanning electron microscopy and characterization of CHC extracts indicated that *** with knockdown of NlFAR using RNA inference(RNAi)had a neater epicuticle layer and a significant decrease in CHC *** of NlFAR did not influence the desiccation resistance of ***,but the ds NlFAR-treated insects were easily adhered and moistened by water droplets or their own secreted honeydew and unable to walk or jump on *** results suggested that NlFAR is a crucial enzyme for CHC biosynthesis and cuticle waterproofing,but not for water retention of ***,which may provide a potential strategy for pest management.

关键词： Nilaparvata lugens fatty acyl-CoA reductase cuticular hydrocarbon waterproofing

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Study on the Repairing Effect of Cosmetics Containing <i>Artemisia annua</i>on Sensitive Skin

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Journal of Cosmetics, Dermatological Sciences and Applications 2020年第1期10卷 8-19页

作者： Jie Yu Gang Wang Nan Jiang R & D Center Yinsha Cosmetics Co. Ltd. Chengdu China Institute of Medicinal Fungi Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Science Chengdu China

In view of the increasing sensitivity of consumer skin in recent years, cosmetics containing Artemisia annua extract was tested to evaluate its effectiveness in repairing sensitive skin. Through the experiment of xylene-induced ear swelling in mice, it was found that the inhibition rates of ear swelling in mice induced by xylene in three groups of cosmetics containing Artemisia annua extract reached 60.40%, 73.36% and 74.01%, respectively, close to the positive drug group. Twenty-five sensitive skin volunteers were selected for human clinical trial, and the skin TEWL value, cuticle hydration degree and skin heme (ultra-high concentration) were tested. The results showed that using cosmetics containing Artemisia annua extract for four weeks could effectively increase the hydration degree of cheek cuticle by 63.90% and reduce transepidermal waterloss (TEWL) by 21.51%. The skin heme (ultra-high concentration) decreased by 69.14% and the affected area decreased by 77.47%. The results show that the cosmetics containing Artemisia annua extract can inhibit inflammation, repair skin barrier, improve damaged skin, and reduce redness and other sensitive skin symptoms.

关键词： Sensitive Skin Artemisia annua Extract Transepidermal Waterloss (TEWL) cuticular Hydration Inflammation Heme Repair

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Leaf Traits and Histochemistry of Trichomes of Conocarpus lancifolius a Combretaceae in Semi-Arid Conditions

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2011年第2期2卷 165-174页

作者： Amina Redha Naemah Al-Mansour Patrice Suleman Mohamad Afzal Redha Al-Hasan 不详

Leaf traits, structure and water status of Conocarpus lancifolius, a Combretaceae were investigated under semi-arid conditions. The leaf traits examined included leaf area and thickness, stomatal distribution, sclerophylly, succulence and relative water content. Additionally, the types of secretory structures, histochemistry of trichomes, and chemical nature of the cuticlular waxes were evaluated. Leaves showed xerophytic characteristics including a high degree of sclerophylly, thick cuticle and outer epidermal cell wall, low relative water content and high trichome density on younger leaves. The species has two types of trichomes;a secretory, short-stalked capitate trichome and a non-secretory trichome with a bulbous base and a pointed tip. The leaves also have a pair of extrafloral nectaries on both sides of the distal end of the petiole, 3-4 pairs near the leaf apex and two secretory ducts or cavities on mature leaves that secreted polysaccharides, epicuticlar waxes and polyphenols. Compared to young leaves mature leaves had almost 3 times total cuticular wax deposit or load. The most abundant fatty acids were palmitic, stearic, nondecanoic, behenic and arachidic acids. The leaf traits and structures are discussed in relation to semi-arid habitat.

关键词： Leaf Morphology Trichomes Succulence Sclerophylly cuticular Wax

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