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Functioned fullerene between the perovskite grains visualized by scanning probe microscopy

Functioned fullerene between the perovskite grains visualize...

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第六届新型太阳能电池材料科学与技术学术研讨会

作者： Ziyang Hu Jing Zhang Yuejin Zhu Department of Microelectronic Science and Engineering Ningbo University

In perovskite solar cells(PSCs), hybrid perovskite:fullerene phases have been proposed to suppress macroscopic current hysteresis behavior by alleviating ion migration. However, the understanding of how fullerenes exactly alleviate the current hysteresis and what is the influence of fullerenes in such hybrid phases are still unclear from a microscopic viewpoint. Here, the intentional incorporation of fullerene into perovskite has been employed to examine how fullerene exactly reduces the macroscopic current hysteresis. The location and distribution of fullerenes in the hybrid phase were confirmedly visualized by conductive atomic force microscopy and Kelvin probe force microscopy measurements. Fullerenes located at grain boundaries function as the beneficial effect on choking the channels of ion migration and also as the electron traps that compromise the photocarrier extraction. Macroscopic current hysteresis originating from the influxes of all nanoscopic grain boundary current signals is avoided in PSCs based on the hybrid perovskite:fullerene phases. Our results not only provide the strong correlation between nanoscopic and macroscopic current hysteresis behaviors, but also clearly clarify the role of fullerene how to reduce the current hysteresis in hybrid phases and thus prototype devices.

关键词： current hysteresis perovskite solar cells fullerene grain boundary nanoscopic current

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Torque-ripple Minimization in Switched Reluctance Motors Using Sliding Mode Variable Structure Control

Torque-ripple Minimization in Switched Reluctance Motors Usi...

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第二十九届中国控制会议

作者： SHI Tingna,NIU Longtao,LI Wenshan School of Electrical Engineering and Automation,Tianjin University,Nankai District,Tianjin 300072,P.R.China

In this paper,a novel torque ripple minimization method,namely,sliding mode variable structure is proposed for switched reluctance motor（SRM）.The total reference torque is calculated by the speed error via the sliding mode variable structure controller,and the expected phase torque will be got through the Torque Sharing *** make margin calculations between the expected phase torque and the actual electromagnetic torque,and then the expected phase current is got by the PI *** last,under the current hysteresis control,the actual phase current follows the expected phase current *** simulation results show that with fixed angle chopped control method compared,the torque ripple coefficient is reduced by 17.1%at low speed and 6.6%at higher speed respectively,and both the feasibility and validity of this scheme are proved by the experimental results.

关键词： Switched Reluctance Motor Torque Ripple Sliding Mode Variable Structure Control current hysteresis

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