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An unsettling explanation for the failure of skatole-baited ovitraps to capture Culex mosquitoes

Insect Science 2019年第5期26卷 873-880页

作者： Marcelo H.S.Paiva Rosangela M.R.Barbosa Suzane A.Santos Norma M.Silva Marcia B.Paula Constancia F.J.Ayres Walter S.Leal Depariamento de Entomologia Instituto Aggeu MagalhaesFundagao Oswaldo CruzAv. Professor Moraes RegoRecifePEBrazil CentroAcademicodoAgreste Universidade Federalde Pernambuco CaruaruPEBrazil Departamentode Biologia Celular Embriologia e GeneticaCentro de Ciencias Biologicas Universidade Federal de Santa CatarinaFlorianopolisSC.Brazil Faculdade de Saude PCiblica Departamento de Epidemiologia Universidade de Sao PauloSao PauloSPBrazil Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology University of California-DavisDavisCaliforniaUSA

Culex mosquitoes are primarily found in temperate and tropical regions worldwide where they play a crucial role as main vectors of filarial worms and arboviruses. In Recife, a northeast city in Brazil, high densities of Culex quinquefasciatus are often found in association with human populated areas. In marked contrast to another part of the city, field tests conducted in the neighborhood of Sitio dos Pintos showed that trapping of mosquitoes in skatole-baited ovitraps did not differ significantly from captures in control (water) traps. Thus, classical and molecular taxonomic approaches were used to analyze the Culex species circulating in Sitio dos Pintos. Results obtained from both approaches agreed on the cocirculation of Culex quinquefasciatus and Culex nigripalpus in three different areas of this neighborhood. What was initially considered as an unexpected failure of this lure turned out to be a more unsettling problem, that is, the first report in Recife of Culex nigripalpus, a vector of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus and West Nile virus. Unplanned urbanization processes close to remnants of the Atlantic forest, such as observed in Sitio dos Pintos, may have contributed to the introduction of Cx. nigripalpus in urban areas.

关键词： Culex quinquefasciatus Culex nigripalpus dengue oviposition attractant skatole West Nile virus Zika

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Synthesis of silver nanoparticle with Colocasia esculenta(L.) stem and its larvicidal activity against Culex quinquefasciatus and Chironomus sp

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2019年第12期9卷 510-517页

作者： Arghadip Mondal Amita Hajra Wasim Akram Shaikh Sukalyan Chakraborty Naba Kumar Mondal Environmental Chemistry Laboratory Department of Environmental ScienceThe University of Burdwan713104West BengalIndia Department of Civil&Environmental Engineering Birla Institute of TechnologyMesraJharkhandIndia

Objective:To synthesize silver nanoparticles with Colocasia esculenta as a reducing agent and to evaluate their effect against Culex quinquefasciatus and Chironomus sp.Methods:The aqueous extract of Colocasia esculenta stem was used for nanosynthesis.The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by UV-Vis spectrophotometry,Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy,scanning electron microscope,transmission electron microscopy,energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy,X-ray diffraction and Zeta potential studies.The toxicity of Colocasia esculenta stem extract and the synthesized silver nanoparticles was evaluated against the larval stages of target human filarial vector Culex quinquefasciatus and non-target Chironomus sp.Results:Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy studies revealed almost spherical shape of the synthesized silver nanoparticles with size ranging from 13-50 nm.After 24 hours of exposure,the LC50 and LC90 of the plant extract against 4th instars larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus were 745.56 mg/L and 1258.28 mg/L,respectively,which were higher than those of synthesized silver nanoparticles(5.17 mg/L and 17.32 mg/L after 24 h;1.58 mg/L and 13.01 mg/L after 48 h).In addition,the LC50 and LC90 of silver nanoparticles against Chironomus sp.were 9.71 mg/L and 23.15 mg/L after 24 h as well as 2.38 mg/L and 19.49 mg/L after 48 h,respectively.Conclusions:The aqueous stem extract of Colocasia esculenta is a good agent for synthesis of silver nanoparticles,which are almost spherical with size less than 30 nm.The synthesized nanoparticles show good larvicidal activity without any harmful effect on non-target species.

关键词： Silver nanoparticles Colocasia esculenta Larvicidal Culex quinquefasciatus Mortality Chironomus sp

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Studies on effects of Andrographis paniculata(Burm.f.) and Andrographis lineata nees(Family:Acanthaceae) extracts against two mosquitoes Culex quinquefasciatus(Say.) and Aedes aegypti(Linn.)

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2013年第3期6卷 176-179页

作者： Renugadevi G Ramanathan T Shanmuga priya R Thirunavukkarasu P Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology Faculty of Marine SciencesAnnamalai UniversityParangipettai 608 502Tamil NaduIndia

Objective:To investigate the studies on effects of Andrographis paniculata(A.paniculata) (Burm.f.) and Andrographis lineata(A.lineata) nees(Family:Acanthaeeae)extracts against two mosquitoes Culex quinquefasciatus(Cx.quinquefasciatus)(Say.) and Aedes aegypti(Ae.aegypti) (Linn.).Methods:The aqueous and petroleum ether extracts of two plant species.A.paniculata and A.lineate were examined against the larvae of,4.aegypti(L.) and Cx.quinquefasciatus with gradually increasing concenlration ie.from 50 to 200 ppm of solvent extracts and to test their activity in combination with each other.Results:In a 24 h bioassay experiment with plant extracts,highest mortalities were recorded at 200 ppm of concentrations for leaves of 4.lineta and A.paniculata individually.For combination effect,only 150 ppm of the mixture of solvent extracts of petroleum ether:aqueous(1:1) extracts showed 100%mortality after 24 h of exposure. Conclusions:The results show that,insecticides of plant combination is ecofriend and has better larvicidal activity compared to individual extracts.

关键词： Andrographis paniculata Culex quinquefasciatus Petroleum ether Larvicidal activity Combination effect Mosquitoes Chikungunya fever

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Larvicidal activity of Cyclamen(Myrsinaceae) extracts against the larvae of West Nile virus vector Culex pipiens L.(Diptera:Culicidae)

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2013年第6期6卷 449-452页

作者： Emre Oz Samed Koc Olcay Dinc Dusen Ramazan Mammadov Huseyin Cetin Akdeniz University Faculty of ScienceDepartment of Biology07058 AntalyaTurkey Pamukkale University Faculty of Arts and ScienceDepartment of Biology20070KinikliDenizliTurkey

Objeclive:To evaluate the larvicidal activity of the tuber extracts isolated from two species of Cyclamen（Cyxltimen mimbile Hildebr.and Cyclamen alpinum Dammann ex.Sprcnger） against Culex pipiens L.（Diptera:Culicidae）.Methods:Twenty young（first-second） or older（third- fourth） instars of tile Culex pipiens were exposed to various concentrations（100 to I 000 ppm） of the extracts.Mortality was recorded after 12-,24-,48-.72- and 96-h of exposure.Results:We determined that the young larval stages were more susceptible to the extracts in comparison with the older larval stages.A comparison of LC90 and LC90 values has shown that Cyclamen mimbile was more active than Cyclamen alpinum.Conclusions:This study is the first to report on the larvicidal activity of the extracts of Cyclamen species against Culex pipiens.More studies are needed to isolate and identify the active components involved,their mode of action,and effects on other mosquito and pest species.

关键词： Culex pipiens Cyclamen alpinum Cyclamen mirabile Larvicidal activity Mosquito

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Efficacy of larvicidal and pupicidal activity of Catharanthus roseus aqueous and solvent extracts against Anopheles stephensi Liston and Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae)

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2013年第8期6卷 625-630页

作者： Selladurai Subarani Selvi Sabhanayakam Chinnaperumal Kamaraj Gandhi Elango Mohamed Abdul Kadir Department of Zoology Annamalai University Post Graduate and Research Department of Zoology C. Abdul Hakeem College Department of Chemistry MSS Wake Board College

Objective: To investigate the larvicidal and pupicidal activities of aqueous, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of Catharanthus roseus ( C. roseus ) against malaria and filariasis vectors. Methods: The larvicidal and pupicidal activities of C. roseus leaf extracts were tested against the fourth instar larvae and pupae of Anopheles stephensi ( An. stephensi ) and Culex quinquefasciatus ( Cx. quinquefasciatus ). The mortality was observed after 24 and 48 h post the treatment. The data were subjected to probit analysis to determine the lethal concentrations (LC 50 and LC 90 ) at which 50% and 90% of the treated larvae or pupae of the tested species were killed. Results: The larval and pupal mortality were observed after 24 and 48 h of exposure of aqueous, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of C. roseus ; no mortality was observed in the control group. The LC 50 values against the fourth-instar larvae of An. stephensi were 68.62 and 72.04 mg/mL for the aqueous extract, 82.47 mg/mL for the ethyl acetate extract, and 78.80 and 86.64 mg/mL for the methanol extract, while the aqueous, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts had LC 50 values of 85.21, 76.84 and 94.20 mg/mL against the fourth-instar larvae of Cx. quinquefasciatus . The aqueous, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts had LC 50 values of 118.08, 182.47 and 143.80 mg/mL against the pupae of An. stephensi and 146.20, 226.84 and 156.62 mg/mL against the pupae of Cx. quinquefasciatus , respectively. Conclusions: The aqueous and methanol extracts of C. roseus leaves had an excellent potential to control the malarial vector An. stephensi and filariasis vector Cx. quinquefasciatus .

关键词： Catharanthus roseus Anopheles stephensi Culex quinquefasciatus Larvicidal activity Pupicidal activity Medicinal plant

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Larvicidal activity of green synthesized silver nanoparticles using bark aqueous extract of Ficus racemosa against Culex quinquefasciatus and Culex gelidus

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2013年第2期6卷 95-101页

作者： Kanayairam Velayutham Abdul Abdul Rahuman Govindasamy Rajakumar Selvaraj Mohana Roopan Gandhi Elango Chinnaperumal Kamaraj Sampath Marimuthu Thirunavukkarasu Santhoshkumar Moorthy Iyappan Chinnadurai Siva Unit of Nanotechnology and Bioactive Natural Products Post Graduate and Research Department of ZoologyC.Ahdul Hakeem CollegeMelvisharam-632 509Vellore DistrictTamil NaduIndia Organic & Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory Organic Chemistry DivisionSchool of Advanced SciencesVIT UniversityVellore-632 014Tamil NaduIndia Unit of Nanotechnology and Bioactive Natural Products Post Graduate and Research Department of ZoologyC.Abdul Hakeem CollegeMelvisharam-632 509Vellore DistrictTamil NaduIndia

Objective:To investigate the larvicidal activity of synthesized silver nanoparticles（Ag NPs） utilizing aqueous bark extract of Ficus racemosa（F.racemosa） was tested against fourth instar larvae of filariasis vector,Culex quinquefasciatus（Cx.quinquefasciatus） and japanese encephalitis vectors,Culex gelidus（Cx.gelidus）.Methods:The synthesized Ag NPs was characterized by UV-vis spectrum,X-ray diffraction（XRD）,Scanning electron microscopy（SEM） and Fourier transform infrared（FTIR）.The larvicidal activities were assessed for 24 h against the larvae of Cx.quinquefasciatus and Cx.gelidus with varying concentrations of aqueous bark extract off.racemosa and synthesized Ag NPs.LC50 and r2 values were calculated.Results:The maximum efficacy was observed in crude aqueous extract of F.racemosa against the larvae of Cx.quinquefasciatus and Cx.gelidus(LC50=67.72 and 63.70 mg/L;r2=0.995 and 0.985) and the synthesized Ag NPs(LC50=12.00 and 11.21 mg/L;r2=0.997 and 0.990).respectively.Synthesized Ag NPs showed the XRD peaks at 2θvalues of 27.61,29.60,35.48,43.48 and 79.68 were identified as （210）,（121）,（220）,（200） and（311） reflections,respectively.The FTIR spectra of Ag NPs exhibited prominent peaks at 3 425,2 878,1 627 and 1 382 in the region 500-3 000 cm-1.The peaks correspond to the presence of a stretching vibration of（NH） C=O group.SEM analysis showed shape in cylindrical,uniform and rod with the average size of 250.60 nm.Conclusions:The biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using bark aqueous extract of F.racemosa and its larvicidal activity against the larvae of disease spreading vectors.The maximum larvicidal efficacy was observed in the synthesized Ag NPs.

关键词： Ficus racemosa Culex quinquefasciatus Culex gelidus Electron microscopic study

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Assessment of anti mosquito measures in households and resistance status of Culex species in urban areas in southern Ghana:Implications for the sustainability of ITN use

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2013年第11期6卷 859-864页

作者： Andreas A Kudom Ben A Mensah Jacob Nunoo Department of Entomology and Wildlife School of Biological Sciences.University of Cape CoastCape CoastGhana Department of Economics University of Cape CoastCape CoastGhana

Objective:To determine resistance status of Culex species to different class of insecticides and assess the major anti-mosquito strategies employed by urban households and their possible effects on malaria acquisition.Methods:Structured questionnaires were randomly administered to obtain information on demographic characteristics,measures that people use to prevent mosquito bites and their perception of where mosquitoes breed in their communities.Adult susceptibility assays were also carried out using WHO discriminating dosages of four insecticides from different chemical classes against Culex species.Results:Majority of respondents(54.75%) preferred the use of domestic insecticides in the form of aerosols and coils.Among households that used domestic insecticides,the use of coil was most frequent(62.9%) with a mean(95%CI) of 9.18(8.99,9.37) coils per week.Strong level of pyrethroid-resistance and multiple insecticide resistance in Culex species were also detected in some of the study sites.Conclusions:The excessive use of domestic insecticides and high level of resistance in Culex species observed in the study area has implications for the ITN component of the nation's malaria control program in more subtle ways.People will lose interest in the use of ITN when it fails to protect users from bites of resistant Culex species.Excessive use of domestic insecticides may also select resistance in both malaria vectors and Culex species.On this account we recommend that nuisance mosquitoes must be controlled as part of malaria control programs to improve acceptance and utilization of ITN.

关键词： Culex species Insecticide resistance Nuisance mosquitoes ITN Malaria control Mosquito coil

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Mosquito larvicidal properties of Orthosiphon thymiflorus(Roth)Sleesen.(Family:Labiatae)against mosquito vectors,Anopheles stephensi,Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes aegypti(Diptera:Culicidae)

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2012年第4期5卷 299-305页

作者： K Kovendan K Murugan S Vincent Donald R Barnard Division of Entomology Department of ZoologySchool of Life SciencesBharathiar UniversityCoimbatore-641046Tamil NaduIndia P.G.Research & Department of Advanced Zoology and Biotechnology Loyola CollegeNungambakkamChennai-600 034Tamil NaduIndia Center for Medical Agriculturaland Veterinary EntomologyUSDA-ARS1600 SW 23rd DriveGainesvilleFL 32608USA

Objective:To determine the mosquito larvicidal activities of hexane,chloroform,ethyl acetate, acetone and methanol leaf extract of Orthosiphon thymiflorus（O.thymiflorus） against Anopheles stephensi（An.stephensi）,Culex quinquefasciatus（Cx.quinquefasciatus） and Aedes aegypti （Ae.aegypti）.Methods:The larvicidal activity was assayed against three mosquito species at various concentrations ranging from（50-450 ppm） under the laboratory conditions.The LC50 and LC90value of the O.thymiflorus leaf extract was determined by Probit analysis.Results:The LC50 values of hexane,chloroform,ethyl acetate,acetone and methanol extract of O.thymiflorus third instar larvae of An.stephensi were LC50= 201.39,178.76,158.06,139.22 and 118.74 ppm; Cx.quinquefasciatus were LC50=228.13,209.***.183.35,163.55 and 149.96 ppm and Ae.aegypti were LC50=215.65,197.91,175.05,154.80 and 137.26 ppm,respectively.Maximum larvicidal activity was observed in the methanolic extract followed by acetone,ethyl acetate chloroform and hexane extract.The larval mortality was observed after 24 h exposure.No mortality was observed in control.Conclusions:The present results suggest that the effective plant crude extracts have potential to be used as an ideal eco-friendly approach for the control of mosquito vectors.This study provides the first report on the larvicidal activity of this plant crude solvent extract of against An.stephensi,Cx.quinquefasciatus and Ae.aegypti mosquitoes.

关键词： Orthosiphon thymiflorus Anopheles stephensi Aedes aegypti Culex quinquefasciatus Larvicidal activity

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Mosquito larvicidal activity of some common spices and vegetable waste on Culex quinquefasciatus and Anopheles stephensi

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2011年第4期4卷 288-293页

作者： Someshwar Singha Goutam Chandra Mosquito and Microbiology Research Units Parasitology LaboratoryDepartment of ZoologyBurdwan University

Objective:To investigate the larvicidal activities of crude and chlor of orm:methanol(1:1 v/ v) extracts of some common spices(Cuminum cyminum,Allium sativum,Zingiber offinale, Curcuma longa) and vegetable waste(Solanum tuberosum germinated tuber) against Anopheles stephensi and Culex quinquefasciatus mosquito larvae.Methods:Larval mortality of above mosquito species were observed after 24,48 and 72 h of exposure to five concentrations of aqueous extract(0.1%,0.2%,0.3%,0.4%and 0.5%) and four concentrations(25,50,75 ppm) of chlor of orm:methanol(1:1 v/v) extract.The lethal concentration of individual spices or vegetable waste was determined by log-probit analysis(at 95%confidence level) and effect of crude and chlor of orm:methanol(1:1 v/v) extracts were recorded on non target organisms.Results: Relative mortality rate of both larval mosquito species were recorded in the following sequences: Cuminum cyminum> Allium sativum>Zingiber offinale,Curcuma longa > Solanum tuberosum germinated tuber for crude extract,and efficacy of chlor of orm:methanol(1:1 v/v) extract were as follows:Curcuma longa > Zingiber offinale > Solanum tuberosum germinated tuber > Cuminum cyminum> Allium sativum.Conclusions:Crude and chlor of orm:methanol(1:1 v/v) extract of Cuminum cyminum,Allium sativum,Zingiber offinale,Curcuma longa and Solanum tuberosum germinated tuber can be recommended effectively in mosquito control programmes at very low concentrations.No mortality and other abnormalities were noticed on non target organisms and further studies are needed to investigate the chemical structure of active principal which are responsible for larvicidal activity.

关键词： Mosquito larvicide Cuminum cyminum Allium sativum Zingiber offinale Curcuma longa Solanum tuberosum germinated tuber Anopheles stephensi Culex quinquefasciatus

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Evaluation of Andrographis paniculata Burm.f.(Family.Acanthaceae) extracts against Culex quinquefasciatus(Say.) and Aedes aegypti(Linn.)(Diptera:Culicidae)

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2011年第3期4卷 176-181页

作者： Marimuthu Govindarajan Division of Vector Biology and Phytochemistry Department of ZoologyAnnamalai UniversityAnnamalainagar-608 002Tamil NaduIndia

Objective:To investigate the larvicidal and ovicidal efficacy of different extracts of Andrographis paniculata（A.paniculata） against Culex quinquefasciatus（Cx.quinquefasciatus） Say and Aedes aegypti（Ae.aegypti ） L（Diptera:Culicidae）.Methods:Larvicidal efficacy of the crude leaf extracts of A.paniculata with five different solvents like benzene,hexane,ethyl acetate, methanol and chloroform was tested against the early third instar larvae of Cx.quinquefasciatus and Ae.aegypti.The ovicidal activity was determined against two mosquito species to various concentrations ranging from 50-300 ppm under the laboratory conditions.Results:The benzene, hexane,ethyl acetate,methanol and chloroform leaf extract of A.paniculata was found to be more effective against Cx.quinquefasciatus than Ae.aegypti.The LC50 values were 112.19,137.48, 118.67,102.05,91.20 ppm and 119.58,146.34,124.24,110.12,99.54 ppm respectively.Among five tested solvent,methanol and ethyl acetate crude extract was found to be most effective for ovicidal activity against two mosquito species.The extract of methanol and ethyl acetate exerted 100%mortality at 200 ppm against Cx.quinquefasciatus and at 250 ppm against Ae.aegypti. Conclusions:From the results it can be concluded the crude extract of A.paniculata was a potential for controlling Cx.quinquefasciatus and Ae.aegypti mosquitoes.

关键词： Andrographis paniculata larvicidal activity Ovicidal activity Culex quinquefasciatus Aedes aegypti

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