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cryogenian and Ediacaran integrative stratigraphy,biotas,and paleogeographical evolution of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding areas

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第4期67卷 919-949页

作者： Lang SUN Malik Muhammad Saud Sajid KHAN Chuan YANG Zhixin SUN Bing PAN Shehryar AHMED Lanyun MIAO Weichen SUN Chunlin HU Xiaojuan SUN Cui LUO Bo CHEN Zongjun YIN Fangchen ZHAO Guoxiang LI Maoyan ZHU State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy Nanjing Institute of Geology and PalaeontologyChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China College of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

The complex evolutionary history of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding areas,including the continental blocks(Indian,Lhasa,South Qiangtang,Tarim,Olongbuluk,Central Qilian,Alxa,North China,Yangtze,Central Iran and Oman)and the orogenic belts between them,has long been the frontier in Earth science research.The cryogenian and Ediacaran strata are extensively distributed in these blocks.Specifically,relatively complete cryogenian and Ediacaran successions have been discovered in Oman,Indian,Yangtze,and Tarim blocks,while only the Ediacaran successions have been reported in Iran,the South Qiangtang,Central Qilian,Alxa,and North China blocks.Based on previous studies together with the integration of new materials and advancement obtained through the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research,this review aims to synthesize a correlative stratigraphic framework of the representative cryogenian and Ediacaran sequences from the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding areas.Furthermore,the cryogenian and Ediacaran biotas and major geological events in these areas are comprehensively discussed in aspects of current research status.The results indicate that,in general,Ediacaran fossils of each area exhibit distinct features in preservation and assemblage composition,but the typical late Ediacaran fossils Cloudina and Shaanxilithes have been reported from most of these areas.In addition to the two global cryogenian glaciations,late Ediacaran glaciogenic deposits are extensively recorded in the areas within and around the northern QinghaiTibetan Plateau(including the North China,Alxa,Central Qilian,Olongbuluk,and Tarim blocks,and the North Qilian Accretionary Belt),as well as central and southern Iran.However,further research is required to determine the age,distribution,and origin of these late Ediacaran glaciogenic deposits.Meanwhile,the middle Ediacaran DOUNCE/Shuram Excursion is widely documented in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding areas.The available data show that,after the

关键词： Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau cryogenian Ediacaran Stratigraphy Palaeogeography Biota Gondwana

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Late cryogenian glaciation in South Australia:Fluctuating ice margin and no extreme or rapid post-glacial sea-level rise

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Geoscience Frontiers 2019年第4期10卷 1397-1408页

作者： George E.Williams Victor A.Gostin Department of Earth Sciences University of Adelaide

Postulated extreme sea-level rise of up to 1-1.5 km with the late cryogenian Ghaub deglaciation in Namibia is contentious,as is the great rapidity(<104 yr)of the sea-level rise.Such extreme glacioeustatic events,if re... 详细信息

Postulated extreme sea-level rise of up to 1-1.5 km with the late cryogenian Ghaub deglaciation in Namibia is contentious,as is the great rapidity(cryogenian Elatina glaciation indicate a fluctuating ice margin.The latter stage of the Elatina glaciation and the immediate post-glacial environment are examined here for evidence of extreme and rapid sea-level rise.In the central Adelaide Rift Complex,diamictite with faceted and striated clasts occurs at the top of the Elatina Formationcryogenian deeply incised valleys and thick valley-fill deposits in South Australia and central Australia argues against extreme sea-level variations.A hiatus occurred between Elatina deglaciation and deposition of the Nuccaleena cap carbonate,and three palaeomagnetic polarity chrons identified in the cap carbonate imply slow deposition spanning 10^5-10^6 yr.This is supported by independent evidence from magnetic chronostratigraphy for Ediacaran strata in South Australia and California,and by stratigraphic and sedimentological a

关键词： Late cryogenian glaciation Sea level Adelaide Rift Complex Elatina Formation Nuccaleena Formation

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Stratigraphic Framework of the cryogenian in China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2020年第4期94卷 942-971页

作者： YU Yang YE Qin ZHANG Kexin HE Weihong SONG Bowen XU Yadong KOU Xiaohu WANG Jiaxuan YANG Fengli Institute of Geological Survey China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology School of Earth SciencesChina University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China

The cryogenian is a critical period in the history of the Earth. It is marked by multiple extreme climate changes that caused alternating global glacial and interglacial intervals. These dramatically changed the sedimentary system, and metal ores and source rocks distributed widely during this period. Therefore, studying the cryogenian stratigraphic framework and sedimentary basins is important to improve the stratigraphic resolution for metal mineral and hydrocarbon prospecting and exploration in China. This review paper firstly divides three tectonic-stratigraphic regions in China in the cryogenian, including the tectonic-stratigraphic regions of Great South China, Xingmeng-Tarim, and North China. Secondly, geochronologic data and geological records are combined to clearly depict the cryogenian sedimentary sequence of continental blocks and micro-continental blocks in different tectonic-stratigraphic regions. The results were used to propose a new comparison scheme of stratigraphy for the cryogenian in China. Finally, according to differences of sedimentary evolution and tectonic evolvement, sedimentary basins and their lithofacies paleogeography are identified and summarized, respectively.

关键词： cryogenian stratigraphic framework correlation basin palaeogeography China

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Cracking the superheavy pyrite enigma: possible roles of volatile organosulfur compound emission

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National Science Review 2021年第10期8卷 101-114页

作者： Xianguo Lang Zhouqiao Zhao Haoran Ma Kangjun Huang Songzhuo Li Chuanming Zhou Shuhai Xiao Yongbo Peng Yonggang Liu Wenbo Tang Bing Shen School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences Arizona State University Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Early Life and Environments Department of Geology Northwest University School of Earth Sciences and Engineering Nanjing University School of Physics Peking University Key Laboratory of Orogenic Belts and Crustal Evolution of the Ministry of Education and School of Earth and Space Science Peking University State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation and Institute of Sedimentary Geology Chengdu University of Technology State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics Northwest University State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology and Center for Excellence in Life and Palaeoenvironment Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Geosciences Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University International Center for Isotope Effect Research Nanjing University

The global deposition of superheavy pyrite(pyrite isotopically heavier than coeval seawater sulfate in the Neoproterozoic Era and particularly in the cryogenian Period) defies explanation using the canonical marine sulfur cycle system. Here we report petrographic and sulfur isotopic data(δS) of superheavy pyrite from the cryogenian Datangpo Formation(660–650 Ma) in South China. Our data indicate a syndepositional/early diagenetic origin of the Datangpo superheavy pyrite, withS-enriched HS supplied from sulfidic(HS rich) seawater. Instructed by a novel sulfur-cycling model, we propose that the emission ofS-depleted volatile organosulfur compounds(VOSC) that were generated via sulfide methylation may have contributed to the formation ofS-enriched sulfidic seawater and superheavy pyrite. The global emission of VOSC may be attributed to enhanced organic matter production after the Sturtian glaciation in the context of widespread sulfidic conditions. These findings demonstrate that VOSC cycling is an important component of the sulfur cycle in Proterozoic oceans.

关键词： sulfur isotope organosulfur compound sulfur cycle cryogenian Datangpo Formation

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Structural architecture of Neoproterozoic rifting depression groups in the Tarim Basin and their formation dynamics

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Science China Earth Sciences 2019年第3期62卷 529-549页

作者： Bizhu HE Cunli JIAO Taizhu HUANG Xingui ZHOU Zhihui CAI Zicheng CAO Zhongzheng JIANG Junwen CUI Zhuoyin YU Weiwei CHEN Ruohan LIU Xiaorui YUN Guangming HAO Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Exploration and Production Research Institute of SINOPEC Institute of Northwestern Petroleum Subsidiary of SINOPEC Oil and Gas Investigation Centre of China Geological Survey

The Tarim Basin is the largest, oil-bearing, superimposed basin in the northwest of China. The evolution and tectonic properties of the initial Tarim Basin have been hotly disputed and remain enigmatic. The Neoproterozoic basin is covered by a vast desert and a huge-thickness of sedimentary strata, has experienced multiple tectonic movements, had a low signal to noise ratios(SNRs) of deep seismic reflection data, all of which have posed critical obstacles to research. We analysed four field outcrops, 18 wells distributed throughout the basin, 27 reprocessed seismic reflection profiles with higher SNRs across the basin and many ancillary local 2D and 3D profiles and aeromagnetic data. We found about 20 normal fault-controlled rifting depressions of the cryogenian and Ediacaran scattered throughout the basin, which developed on the Precambrian metamorphic and crystalline basement. The structural framework is clearly different from that of the overlying Phanerozoic. The rifting depressions consist of mainly half grabens, symmetrical troughs and horst-grabens. From the northeast to southwest of the basin,they are divided into three rifting depression groups with the WNW, ENE, and NW-trends that are mainly controlled by normal faults. The maximum thicknesses of the strata are up to 4100 m. From the cryogenian to Ediacaran, most of the main inherited faults to active and eventually ceased at the end of the Ediacaran or Early Cambrian, while subsidence centres appeared and migrated eastward along the faults. They revealed that the different parts of the Tarim continental block were in NNE-SSWoriented and NNW-SSE-oriented extensional paleo-stress fields(relative to the present) during the Neoproterozoic, and were accompanied by clockwise shearing. According to the analysis of the activities of syn-sedimentary faults, filling sediments,magmatic events, and coordination with aeromagnetic anomalies, the tectonic properties of the fault depressions are different and are primarily continental rifts or intra-continental fault-

关键词： Rifting depression groups Normal faults Extensional and clockwise shearing cryogenian and Ediacaran Continental rift and intra-continental fault-controlled basin Tarim Basin

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The Pre-Sturtian Negative δ^(13)C Excursion of the Dajiangbian Formation Deposited on the Western Margin of Cathaysia Block in South China

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Journal of Earth Science 2016年第2期27卷 225-232页

作者： Lianjun Feng Qirui Zhang Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences

The Dajiangbian Formation in South China is a siliciclastic-dominated sedimentary succession with low-grade metamorphism deposited on the western margin of the Cathaysia Block, and is capped by a glaciogenic diamictite（the Sizhoushan Formation）. The Sizhoushan glaciogenic strata can be attributed to the Jiangkou glacial（Sturtian glacial） episode as they share stratigraphic and lithological similarities with Jiangkou strata in South China. Some carbonate, chert and shale units throughout the upper part of the Dajiangbian Formation were sampled for carbonate carbon isotope（δ^（13）C_（carb）） and organic carbon isotope（δ^（13）C_（org）） analyses. A range of geochemical indices including oxygen isotopes（δ^（18）O） and Mn/Sr（Fe/Sr） ratios suggest that primary carbon isotope values were preserved in the upper Dajiangbian Formation. The upper Dajiangbian Formation shows δ^（13）C_（carb） of-0.1‰, upward decreasing towards to-5.4‰. We suggest that the negative δ^（13）C excursion beneath the Sizhoushan diamictite is correlative with the Pre-Sturtian Islay δ^（13）C_（carb） anomaly and allows correlation with the global Neoproterozoic isotope stratigraphy. We find that carbonate and organic carbon isotope data of the upper Dajiangbian Formation are coupled, consistent with the δ^（13）C_（carb）-δ^（13）C_（org） pattern observed on multiple continents.

关键词： Neoproterozoic cryogenian carbon isotopes Islay anomaly Cathaysia Block.

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Sedimentary evolution of Neoproterozoic rift basin in northern Tarim

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Petroleum Research 2017年第4期2卷 315-323页

作者： Lin Wu Shuwei Guan Rong Ren Chunyu Zhang Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration&Development of PetroChina Beijing 100083China

Based on the outcrop,drilling and seismic data,the sedimentary successions,evolution and hydrocarbon exploration potential of the Neoproterozoic rift basin in the northern Tarim were firstly analyzed.Due to assembly and breakup of the Rodinia supercontinent,the Tabei paleocontinent and the Tarim paleocontinent were developed in the Tarim craton with an EW-trending back-arc rift basin between them during Neoproterozoic time;very thick marine clastic rocks,carbonate rocks and volcanic rocks(including tillite)were deposited in the Kuruktag and Aksu area of the northern Tarim,which experienced deep sea,bathyal sea and littoral sea environments with transitional delta and ice-sea.During the Early cryogenian and the Late Ediacaran,the northern rift basin evolved from the deep sea to the littoralneritic sea,while the lithology changed from clastic rocks to carbonate rocks.According to the field and production data,the formation and preservation of the source rocks and reservoirs indicate a good exploration potential of the Neoproterozoic rift basin.

关键词： Tarim basin Neoproterozoic cryogenian Ediacaran Paleogeography Hydrocarbon exploration

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Reconstruction of paleo-redox conditions and early sulfur cycling during deposition of the cryogenian Datangpo Formation in South China

Reconstruction of paleo-redox conditions and early sulfur cy...

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中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所第十届(2010年度)学...

作者： Lian-Jun Feng~(a,*),Xue-Lei Chu~(a,b),Jing Huang~(a,b),Qi-Rui Zhang~a,Hua-Jin Chang~(a,b) a Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China b Key Laboratory for Mineral Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China

In South China,the Datangpo black shales(663Ma-654.5 Ma) were deposited during the Cryognian interglacial time between the Sturtian and Marinoan glaciations.Multi-geochemical proxies,including different iron speciation and relevant ratios(Fe/Fe,Fe/Fe and Fe/Al ratios) and molybdenum concentrations,were used to reconstruct the paleo-depositional environment of this black shale horizon.The ratios of different iron species(Fe/Fe>0.38 and Fe/Fe0.38 and Fe/ Fe≈0.80) and oxic(Fe/Fecryogenian Period is similar to that in the Archean Eon.

关键词： Redox conditions cryogenian Iron species Molybdenum Sulfur isotope

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