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Guided crowd Evacuation:Approaches and Challenges

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2019年第5期6卷 1081-1094页

作者： Min Zhou Hairong Dong Petros A.Ioannou Yanbo Zhao Fei-Yue Wang the State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety Beijing Jiaotong UniversityBeijing 100044China the Department of Electrical Engineering University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90089-2560 USA the Center for Advanced Transportation Technologies University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90089 USA the State Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex Systems Institute of AutomationChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190 the Research Center of Computational Experiments and Parallel Systems the National University of Defense TechnologyChangsha 410073China

Evacuation leaders and/or equipment provide route and exit information for people and guide them to the expected destinations, which could make crowd evacuation more efficient in case of emergency. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of recent advances in guided crowd evacuation. Different guided crowd evacuation approaches are classified according to guidance approaches and technologies. A comprehensive analysis and comparison of crowd evacuation with static signage, dynamic signage, trained leader, mobile devices, mobile robot and wireless sensor networks are presented based on a single guidance mode perspective. In addition, the different evacuation guidance systems that use high-tech means such as advanced intelligent monitoring techniques, AI techniques, computer technology and intelligent inducing algorithms are reviewed from a system’s perspective. Future researches in the area of crowd evacuation are also discussed.

关键词： Auxiliary equipment evacuation guidance system (EGS) guided crowd evacuation leader signage

An Intelligent Cluster Verification Model Using WSN to Avoid Close Proximity and Control Outbreak of Pandemic in a Massive crowd

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2022年第11期133卷 327-350页

作者： Naeem Ahmed Nawaz Norah Saleh Alghamdi Hanen Karamti Mohammad Ayoub Khan Department of Computer Science Umm Al-Qura UniversityMakkah Al-Mukarmah24381Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Sciences College of Computer and Information SciencesPrincess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman UniversityRiyadh11671Saudi Arabia College of Computing and Information Technology University of BishaBisha67714Saudi Arabia

Assemblage at public places for religious or sports events has become an integral part of our *** gatherings pose a challenge at places where fast crowd verification with social distancing(SD)is required,especially during a ***,verification of crowds is carried out in the form of a queue that increases waiting time resulting in congestion,stampede,and the spread of *** article proposes a cluster verification model(CVM)using a wireless sensor network(WSN),single cluster approach(SCA),and split cluster approach(SpCA)to solve the aforementioned problem for pandemic *** show that SD,cluster approaches,and verification by WSN can overcome the management issues by optimizing the cluster size and verification ***,our proposed method minimizes the chances of spreading diseases and stampedes in large events such as a *** consider the assembly points in the annual pilgrimage to Makkah Al-Mukarmah and Umrah for verification using Contiki/Cooja *** compute results such as verified cluster members(CMs)to define cluster size,success rate to determine the best success rate,and verification time to determine the optimal verification time for various *** validate ourmodel by comparing the results of each approach with the existing *** results showthat the SpCAwith SD is the best approach with a 96% success rate and optimization of verification time as compared to SCA with SD and the existing model.

关键词： Cluster verification model wireless sensor network social distancing crowd single approach split approach

The simulation and analysis of pedestrian crowd and behavior

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2009年第6期52卷 1762-1767页

作者： HU QingMei FANG WeiNing JIA YuQuan DENG Ye State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety Beijing Jiaotong UniversityBeijing 100044China School of Mechanical Electronic and Control EngineeringBeijing Jiaotong UniversityBeijing 100044China

Pedestrian crowd in public buildings is usually a hidden *** more serious the crowd,the higher the accident risk,and the heavier the casualties and loss may *** on the social force model,this paper puts forward an improved model which takes into account the anisotropic charac-teristic of pedestrian movement and the avoidance of dynamic congested ***,the al-gorithm has been optimized with the help of static force grid,so the simulation becomes more veritable and computational speed is also greatly *** improved model is also applied to research on the characters of pedestrian crowd,and the conclusion can provide a basis for the risk assessment of pedestrian crowd and the design of public buildings.

关键词： social force model anisotropic behavior the locality principle pedestrian crowd

Effective crowd Anomaly Detection Through Spatio-temporal Texture Analysis

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International Journal of Automation and computing 2019年第1期16卷 27-39页

作者： Yu Hao Zhi-Jie Xu Ying Liu Jing Wang Jiu-Lun Fan School of Computer Science and Technology Xi'an University of Posts and Telecommunications School of Computing and Engineering University of Huddersfield Faculty of Arts Computing Engineering and Sciences Sheffield Hallam University

Abnormal crowd behaviors in high density situations can pose great danger to public safety. Despite the extensive installation of closed-circuit television(CCTV) cameras, it is still difficult to achieve real-time alerts and automated responses from current systems. Two major breakthroughs have been reported in this research. Firstly, a spatial-temporal texture extraction algorithm is developed. This algorithm is able to effectively extract video textures with abundant crowd motion details. It is through adopting Gaborfiltered textures with the highest information entropy values. Secondly, a novel scheme for defining crowd motion patterns(signatures)is devised to identify abnormal behaviors in the crowd by employing an enhanced gray level co-occurrence matrix model. In the experiments, various classic classifiers are utilized to benchmark the performance of the proposed method. The results obtained exhibit detection and accuracy rates which are, overall, superior to other techniques.

关键词： crowd behavior spatial-temporal texture gray level co-occurrence matrix information entropy

Exploiting Multiple Correlations Among Urban Regions for crowd Flow Prediction

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2020年第2期35卷 338-352页

作者： Qiang Zhou Jing-Jing Gu Chao Ling Wen-Bo Li Yi Zhuang Jian Wang College of Computer Science and Technology Nanjing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsNanjing 210016China

crowd flow prediction has become a strategically important task in urban computing,which is the prerequisite for traffic management,urban planning and public ***,due to variousness of crowd flows,multiple hidden correlations among urban regions affect the ***,crowd flows are also influenced by the distribution of Points-of-Interests(POIs),transitional functional zones,environmental climate,and different time slots of the dynamic urban ***,we exploit multiple correlations between urban regions by considering the mentioned factors comprehensively rather than the geographical distance and propose multi-graph convolution gated recurrent units(MGCGRU)for capturing these multiple spatial *** adapting to the dynamic mobile data,we leverage multiple spatial correlations and the temporal dependency to build an urban flow prediction framework that uses only a little recent data as the input but can mine rich internal ***,the framework can mitigate the influence of the instability of data distributions in highly dynamic environments for *** experimental results on two real-world datasets in Shanghai show that our model is superior to state-of-the-art methods for crowd flow prediction.

关键词： crowd flow prediction multi-graph convolutional network multiple correlations mining

Study of Sound Environment Influenced by the crowd in Waiting Areas in General Hospitals

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Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology(New Series) 2014年第4期21卷 55-61页

作者： Xin Qin Jian Kang Hong Jin School of Architecture and Civil Engineering Heilongjiang University of Science and Technology School of Architecture Harbin Institute of Technology

In this study,the crowd has been investigated and analyzed in waiting areas in large general hospitals in China in order to find the rules the variations of sound environment with the change of crowd. The field investigation,questionnaire,field-testing and computer simulation have been adopted. The results show that: the social /demographic characteristics of staff and patients are not significantly related to the satisfaction evaluation of sound environment; there is a significant correlation between the population density and LAeq of the background noise in waiting areas; when population density is 0,the LAeq of background noise is not 0 in waiting areas; the loudspeaker should be set in the waiting areas. Loudspeaker arrangements should be integrated into the ceiling lamp or construct facilities along the depth direction of the layout,and the two adjacent speakers recommended distance should be controlled at about 4 m. If the population density is controlled in the reasonable range,and sound absorption,noise reduction processing and electronic queuing system are adopted,sound environment of waiting areas will be built with noise interference relatively small in different population densities.

关键词： general hospital waiting areas sound environment crowd

A crowd route choice evacuation model in large indoor building spaces

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2018年第2期7卷 135-150页

作者： Y. Wu J. Kang C. Wang School of Architecture Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 PR China School of Architecture University of Sheffield Sheffield S10 2TN UK School of Architecture Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 PR China

Route choice is a fundamental requirement in the evacuation process. The aim of this paper is to identify a method to simulate crowds in large indoor spaces with consideration of the acoustic system. This paper first extends an existing cellular automaton model and proposes a ceUutar automaton crowd route choice model （CACR model） to simulate evacuees in large indoor spaces. It then defines a measure for evaluating the utility of evacuation time using the CACR model under different circumstances, such as a fire situation or different voice warning systems, which other commercial models cannot simulate. The analysis of the characteristics of a sound field in large indoor spaces is based on field measurements. An observation experiment in a gymnasium is employed to test the proposed model in a stadium evacuation scenario. The results demonstrate that the CACR model can accurately simulate the evacuation process in large indoor spaces under various circumstances.

关键词： crowd Evacuation Cellular automatonmodel Sound Voice warning system

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基于时延的Flash crowd控制模型

软件学报 2011年第11期22卷 2795-2809页

作者：肖军云晓春张永铮中国科学院计算技术研究所北京100190 中国科学院研究生院北京100049

提出了一种session级别的flash crowd控制策略SGAC(session-granularity admission control),将session控制粒度和request控制粒度相结合,采用请求平均返回时延作为检测和控制的依据.对session采取一旦接受就完成的策略,在实现对服务器... 详细信息

提出了一种session级别的flash crowd控制策略SGAC(session-granularity admission control),将session控制粒度和request控制粒度相结合,采用请求平均返回时延作为检测和控制的依据.对session采取一旦接受就完成的策略,在实现对服务器过载控制的同时,保护用户session的完整性,并能自动调节新session的准入速率,以提高服务器利用率.采用真实HTTP Log进行模拟,结果表明,SGAC方法能够有效控制服务器过载,保护session的完整性,提高服务器利用率,降低接入端路由器计算开销,保护有价值的交易session.

关键词： flash crowd session粒度过载控制准入控制

crowd Monitoring System Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle （UAV）

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Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture 2017年第11期11卷 1014-1024页

作者： Ali A1-Sheary Ali Almagbile Department of Civil Engineering Umm Al-Qura University Makkah 21955 Saudi Arabia Department of Geography Yarmouk University Irbid 21163 Jordan

Understanding and dealing with safety aspects of crowd dynamics in mass gatherings of people related to sports, religiousand cultural activities is very important, specifically with respect to crowd risk analysis and crowd safety. Historical trends from theKingdom of Saudi Arabia hosting millions of pilgrims each year during the Hajj and Omrah seasons suggest that stampedes in massgatherings occur frequently and highlight the importance of studying and dealing with the crowd dynamics more scientifically. In thisregard, efficient monitoring and other safe crowd management techniques have been used to minimize the risks associated with suchmass gathering. An example of these techniques is real-time monitoring of crowd using a UAV （Unmanned Aerial Vehicle）; thistechnique is becoming increasingly popular with the objective to save human lives, preserve environment, protect property, keep thepeace, and uphold governmental authority. In this paper, a crowd monitoring system for pedestrians has been proposed and tested. Thesystem has deployed crowd monitoring technique using real-time images taken by UAVs; the collected data was investigated, andcrowd density was estimated using image segmentation procedures. A color-based segmentation method has been employed to detect,identify and map crowd density under different camera positions and orientations. Furthermore, the associated anomalies/outlierswhich may lead to non-classification of features have been eliminated using image enhancement tools. The paper presents a crowdmonitoring system for pedestrians that can contribute to an area of research still in its infancy. The proposed system is a valuable tool interms of facilitating timely decisions, based on highly accurate information. The results show that the used image segmentationtechnique has the capability of mapping the crowd density with an accuracy level up to 80%.

关键词： UAV, crowd monitoring, crowd density, geo-referencing, mapping.