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Evaluation of pedestrian crossing speed change patterns at unprotected mid-block crosswalks in India

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2020年第6期7卷 832-842页

作者： B.Raghuram Kadali P.Vedagiri Department of Civil Engineering National Institute of Technology WarangalWarcmgal 506004India Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology BombayMumbai 400076India

The pedestrian crossing speed is one of the important factors in pedestrian crossing facility design.Research studies have shown that the pedestrian crossing speed is influenced by availability of green time at signalized crosswalks and pedestrian characteristics such as gender and age.However,the effects of vehicular time gap and additional pedestrian behavioural characteristics on pedestrian crossing speed patterns have not been examined at unprotected(un-signalized)mid-block crosswalks.The present study examines the pedestrian crossing speed change patterns considering the effect of vehicular time gap and pedestrian behavioural characteristics such as rolling behaviour,path change,etc.,at selected unprotected mid-block crosswalk locations under mixed traffic conditions in India.Video graphic survey has been conducted at eight selected unprotected mid-block crosswalk locations in Mumbai City for two to three hours duration during normal weather conditions.The data was mined using AVS video editor software,and the extracted data includes pedestrian speed,pedestrian characteristics(gender and age),pedestrian behaviour(rolling behaviour,path change,etc.),vehicle characteristics(type and speed of the vehicle)and traffic characteristics.Pedestrian crossing speed change patterns(whether pedestrian is changing speed or not while crossing a road)was considered as a binary variable and a logistic regression model was developed with vehicular gaps and other pedestrian behavioural characteristics as independent variables.The results revealed that there is a reduction in pedestrian crossing speed change behaviour with an increase in vehicular gap size at unprotected mid-block crosswalks.The younger pedestrians have more probability of exhibiting crossing speed change patterns as compared to the elderly pedestrians at mid-block crosswalks.Further,it is identified that there is an increase in pedestrian crossing speed with increase in vehicle speed as well as heavy vehicle type.Pedestrian behavioural characteristics also hav

关键词： Pedestrian behavior crossing Speed patterns Mid-block Vehicle gap

A multi-dimensional microcanonical Monte Carlo study of S_0→T_1 intersystem crossing of isocyanic acid

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Science China Chemistry 2009年第11期52卷 1885-1891页

作者： ZHANG Feng1,2,FANG WeiHai1,LUO Yi2 & LIU RuoZhuang1 1 College of Chemistry,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China 2 Theoretical Chemistry,School of Biotechnology,Royal Institute of Technology,S-10691 Stockholm,Sweden College of Chemistry Beijing Normal University Beijing China Theoretical Chemistry School of Biotechnology Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm Sweden

A general formula for the multi-dimensional Monte Carlo microcanonical nonadiabatic rate constant expressed in configuration space is applied to calculate the rate of intersystem crossing(ISC) between the ground(S0) and first excited triplet(T1) states for isocyanic acid.One-,two-and three-dimensional potential energy surfaces are constructed by coupled-cluster single-double CCSD calculations,which are used for Monte Carlo sampling.The calculated S0→T1 ISC rate is in good agreement with experimental findings,which gives us a reason to believe that the multi-dimensional Monte Carlo microcanonical nonadiabatic rate theory is a very effective method for calculating nonadiabatic transition rate of a polyatomic molecule.

关键词： multi-dimensional Monte Carlo microcanonical nonadiabatic rate theory intersystem crossing isocyanic acid nonadiabatic transition

Mathematical formalization of the process of crossing individuals of different populations within the framework of the quasispecies model

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International Journal of Biomathematics 2021年第4期14卷 131-139页

作者： A.V.Sedelnikov Samara National Research University 443086 Samara Moskowskoe Shosse34Russia

This paper presents a mathematically formalized description of the process of crossing individuals of different populations as a break of the first kind of functional dependencies of the population state vector components.In this case,the validity of the quasispecies model as a model of population development was assumed.The practical interpretation of a mathematically formalized description is considered on the example of an artificial population of Lymantria dispar.The results of the work can be used to assess the development parameters of both natural and artificial populations.

关键词： Quasispecies model crossing Lymantria dispar,artificial population

Optimism in crossing Brookly Ferry

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陕西师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版） 2004年第S2期33卷 438-440页

作者：安莉西安建筑科技大学外语系陕西西安710055

crossing Brookly Ferry is one of the most representative masterpieces composed by Walt Wiltman. In this pieces of writing, ones of the characteristics in this poem: optimism and unconventionality in its form are expre... 详细信息

关键词： crossing Brookly Ferry American literature Optimism

Moving computational multi-domain method for modelling the flow interaction of multiple moving objects

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Advances in Aerodynamics 2022年第1期4卷 78-95页

作者： Momoha Nishimura Masashi Yamakawa Shinichi Asao Seiichi Takeuchi Mehdi Badri Ghomizad Department of Mechanical and System Engineering Kyoto Institute of TechnologyKyotoJapan Department of Mechanical Engineering College of Industrial TechnologyHyogoJapan

This study proposes a method for modelling the flow interaction of multiple moving objects where the flow field variables are communicated between multiple separate moving computational domains.Instead of using the conventional approach with a single fixed computational domain covering the whole flow field,this method advances the moving computational domain(MCD)method in which the computational domain itself moves in line with the motions of an object inside.The computational domains created around each object move independently,and the flow fields of each domain interact where the flows cross.This eliminates the spatial restriction for simulating multiple moving objects.Firstly,a shock tube test verifies that the overset implementation and grid movement do not adversely affect the results and that there is communication between the grids.A second test case is conducted in which two spheres are crossed,and the forces exerted on one object due to the other’s crossing at a short distance are calculated.The results verify the reliability of this method and show that it is applicable to the flow interaction of multiple moving objects.

关键词： crossing Moving boundary problems Compressible flow Moving mesh method

Inuence of Electron Donating Ability on Reverse Intersystem crossing Rate for One Kind of Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Molecules

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Physics 2018年第3期31卷 291-299,367页

作者： Ming-lang Wang Jian-zhong Fan Li-li Lin Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Image Processing Technology School of Physics and ElectronicsShandong Normal UniversityJinan 250014China Department of Electronics Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China

First-principles calculations are applied for investigating influence of electron donating ability of donor groups in eight thermally activated delayed fluorescence(TADF)molecules on their geometrical structures and transition properties as well as reverse intersystem crossing(RISC)processes.Results show that the diphenylamine substitution in the donor part can slightly change the bond angle but decrease bond length between donor and acceptor unit except for the lowest triplet state(T1)of carbazole-xanthone molecule.As the electron donating ability of donor groups is increased,the overlap between the highest occupied molecular orbital(HOMO)and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital(LUMO)is decreased.As the diphenylamine groups are added in donor part,the delocalization of HOMO is enlarged,which brings a decreased energy gap(ΔES1-T1)between the lowest singlet excited state(S1)and T1 state.Furthermore,with the calculated spin-orbit coupling coefficient(Hso),one finds that the larger value of^2/ΔES1-T1^2 is,the faster the RISC is.The results show that all investigated molecules are promising candidates as TADF molecules.Overall,a wise molecular design strategy for TADF molecules,in which a smallΔES1-T1 can be achieved by enlarging the delocalization of frontier molecular orbitals with large separation between HOMO and LUMO,is proposed.

关键词： Thermally activated delayed fluorescence Donating ability Reverse intersystem crossing Spin-orbit coupling

Negative Parity States in ^(39)Cl Configured by crossing Major Shell Orbits

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Chinese Physics Letters 2019年第6期36卷 17-20页

作者：陶龙春 Y.Ichikawa 袁岑溪 Y.Ishibashi A.Takamine A.Gladkov T.Fujita K.Asahi T.Egami C.Funayama K.Imamura 楼建玲 T.Kawaguchi S.Kojima T.Nishizaka T.Sato D.Tominaga 杨晓菲 H.Yamazaki 叶沿林 H.Ueno School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology Peking University RIKEN Nishina Center Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology Sun Yat-Sen University Department of Physics University of Tsukuba Department of Physics Kyungpook National University Department of Physics Osaka University Department of Physics Tokyo Institute of Technology Department of Advanced Sciences Hosei University Department of Physics Meiji University

Traditional "magic numbers" were once regarded as immutable throughout the nuclear chart. However, unexpected changes were found for unstable nuclei around N = 20. With both proton and neutron numbers around the magic number of 20, the neutron-rich ^(39)Cl isotope provides a good test case for the study of the quantumstate evolution across the major shell. In the present work, the negative parity states in ^(39)Cl are investigated through the β decay spectroscopy of 39 S. Newly observed γ transitions together with a new state are assigned into the level scheme of ^(39)Cl. The spin parity of 5/2^- for the lowest negative parity state in ^(39)Cl is reconfirmed using the combined γ transition information. These systematic observations of the negative parity states in ^(39)Cl allow a comprehensive comparison with the theoretical descriptions. The lowest 5/2^- state in ^(39)Cl remains exotic in terms of comparisons with existing theoretical calculations and with the neighboring isotopes having similar single-particle configurations. Further experimental and theoretical investigations are suggested.

关键词： Negative Parity States crossing Major Shell Orbits immutable throughout

AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY OF THE CHANGES IN THE INTENSITY AND MOTION OF TROPICAL CYCLONES crossing LUZON

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Tropical Cyclone Research and Review 2015年第3期4卷 95-109页

作者： WU MAN-CHI CHOY CHUN-WING Hong Kong Observatory

Tropical cyclones(TCs) moving across Luzon from east to west are likely to affect Hong Kong. As such, it is important for forecasters take into account the likely changes in intensity and movement characteristics of TCs crossing Luzon. 50 TCs in the period 1980-2014 were examined to determine the effect of Luzon’s terrain on their intensity and movement.The results indicated that TCs generally weakened as they passed through the terrain of Luzon. The decrease in the maximum sustained winds(MSW) for TCs with intensity of severe tropical storms or below was normally crossing Luzon. A TC defl ected to the right(left) before landfall was likely to defl ect to the left(right) after leaving Luzon. Also, defl ection upon/near landfalling is found to be related to the intensity, moving speed and the direction of motion of a TC.

关键词： AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY OF THE CHANGES IN THE INTENSITY AND MOTION OF TROPICAL CYCLONES crossing LUZON AP TC Figure

Safety Assessment of Closed-Loop Level crossing Control Systems by Means of STAMP(Systems-Theoretic Accident Model and Processes)

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering 2018年第5期6卷 241-254页

作者： Tetsuya TAKATA Akira ASANO Hideo NAKAMURA Kyosan Electric Mfg.co. LtdYokohama 230-0031Japan The University of Tokyo Chiba 277-8561Japan

There have been a large number of accidents at level crossings of railways and this has been considered to be a significant issue to be solved for the realization of safe and stable railway transport.A conventional level crossing control system is characterized by the use of two types of electronic train detectors;one detects a train approaching to a level crossing section and the other then detects the train having left the level crossing.By contrast,closed-loop level crossing control systems in which level crossing control equipment and train-borne equipment communicate with each other have been advocated and are expected to serve as an effective solution to the abovementioned issue.This paper describes the following three types of closed-loop level crossing control systems:decentralized level crossing control system,fully-centralized comprehensive level crossing control system and fully-centralized individual level crossing control system.This paper then assesses the safety of these systems in comparison to the conventional level crossing control system.For the purpose of the assessment of their safety,a new accident analysis model called STAMP(systems theoretic accident model and processes)that is suitable for software intensive systems is used to clarify the advantage of the proposed three types of level crossing control systems in terms of safety.

关键词： Level crossing control railway signaling closed loop control method safety assessment STAMP