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Water Vapor Transport and cross-equatorial flow over the Asian-Australia Monsoon Region Simulated by CMIP5 Climate Models

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2013年第3期30卷 726-738页

作者：宋亚娟乔方利宋振亚姜春飞 College of Physical and Environmental Oceanography Ocean University of China First Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration

The summer mean water vapor transport （WVT） and cross-equatorial flow （CEF） over the Asian- Australian monsoon region simulated by 22 coupled atmospheric-oceanic general circulation models （AOGCMs） from the World Climate Research Programme＇s Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 （CMIP5） were evaluated. Based on climatology of the twentieth-century simulations, most of models have a reason- ably realistic representation of summer monsoon WVT characterized by southeast water vapor conveyor belt over the South Indian Ocean and southwest belt from the Arabian Sea to the East Asian. The correlation coefficients between NCEP reanalysis and simulations of BCC-CSMI-1, BNU-ESM, CanESM2, FGOALS-s2, MIROC4h and MPI-ESM-LR are up to 0.8. The simulated CEF depicted by the meridional wind along the equator includes the Somali jet and eastern CEF in low atmosphere and the reverse circulation in upper atmosphere, which were generally consistent with NCEP reanalysis. Multi-model ensemble means （MME） can reproduce more reasonable climatological features in spatial distribution both of WVT and CEF. Ten models with more reasonable WVT simulations were selected for future projection studies, including BCC- CSMI-1, BNU-ESM, CanESM2, CCSM4, FGOALS-s2, FIO-ESM, GFDL-ESM2G, MRIOCS, MPI-ESM-LR and NorESM-1M. Analysis based on the future projection experiments in RCP （Representative Concentra- tion Pathway） 2.6, RCP4.5, RCP6 and RCP8.5 show that the global warming forced by different RCP scenarios will results in enhanced WVT over the Indian area and the west Pacific and weaken WVT in the low latitudes of tropical Indian Ocean.

关键词： CMIP5 AOGCMs water vapor transport cross-equatorial flow future projection

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VARIATION FEATURES OF SOMALI cross-equatorial flow AND ITS IMPACT ON THE LOCATION OF THE SUBTROPICAL HIGH RIDGE FROM JULY TO SEPTEMBER

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Journal of Tropical Meteorology 2008年第1期14卷 15-18页

作者：林新彬许金镜温珍治何芬池艳珍 Fujian Meteorological Bureau

The variation features of the cross-equatorial flow and its impact on the ridge position of the subtropical high have been analyzed in this paper. It is shown as follows. (1) The intensity of the Somali cross-equatorial flow is increasing in winter and summer in the past 44 years and the airflow of Northern Hemisphere exchanges more and more intensively with that of Southern Hemisphere. (2) The Somali cross-equatorial flow in May has the most impact on the ridge position of the subtropical high in the typhoon season, presenting a positive correlation. (3) The diagnosis is consistent with the real situation in 2005.

关键词： cross-equatorial flow subtropical ridge position correlation analysis diagnosis

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Variations of the Summer Somali and Australia cross-equatorial flows and the Implications for the Asian Summer Monsoon

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2012年第3期29卷 509-518页

作者：祝亚丽 Nansen-Zhu International Research Centre Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences Climate Change Research Center Chinese Academy of Sciences

The temporal variations during 1948-2010 and vertical structures of the summer Somali and Australia cross-equatorial flows （CEFs） and the implications for the Asian summer monsoon were explored in this study. The strongest southerly and northerly CEFs exist at 925 hPa and 150 hPa level, respectively. The low-level Somali （LLS） CEFs were significantly connected with the rainfall in most regions of India （especially the monsoon regions）, except in a small area in southwest India. In comparison to the climatology, the low- level Australia （LLA） CEFs exhibited stronger variations at interannual time scale and are more closely connected to the East Asian summer monsoon circulation than to the LLS CEFs. The East Asian summer monsoon circulation anomalies related to stronger LLA CEFs were associ- ated with less water vapor content and less rainfall in the region between the middle Yellow River and Yangtze River and with more water vapor and more rainfall in southern China. The sea-surface tempera- ture anomalies east of Australia related to summer LLA CEFs emerge in spring and persist into summer, with implications for the seasonal prediction of summer rainfall in East Asia. The connection between the LLA CEFs and East Asian summer monsoon rainfall may be partly due to its linkage with E1 Nino-Southern Oscillation. In addition, both the LLA and LLS CEFs .exhibited interdecadal shifts in the late 1970s and the late 1990s, consistent with the phase shifts of Pacific Decadal Oscillation （PDO）.

关键词： cross-equatorial flow Asian summer monsoon low-level jet Somali

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INFLUENCE OF THE INTERANNUAL VARIATION OF crossequatorial flow ON TROPICAL CYCLOGENESIS OVER THE WESTERN NORTH PACIFIC

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Journal of Tropical Meteorology 2017年第1期23卷 68-80页

作者：冯涛沈新勇黄荣辉陈光华 Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Ministry of Education/Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological DisastersNanjing University of Information Science and Technology Center for Monsoon System Research Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences

The influence of the interannual variation of cross-equatorial flow(CEF) on tropical cyclogenesis over the western North Pacific(WNP) is examined in this paper by using the tropical cyclone(TC) best track data from the Joint Typhoon Warning Center and the JRA-25 reanalysis dataset. The results showed that the number of TCs forming to the east of 140°E over the southeastern part of the western North Pacific(WNP) is in highly positive correlation with the variation of the CEF near 125° E and 150° E, i.e., the number of tropical cyclogeneses increases when the cross-equatorial flows are strong. Composite analyses showed that during the years of strong CEF, the variations of OLR, vertical wind shear between 200-850 h Pa, 850 h Pa relative vorticity and 200 h Pa divergence are favorable for tropical cyclogenesis to the east of 140°E over the tropical WNP, and vice versa. Moreover, it is also discussed from the view of barotropic energy conversion that during the years of strong CEF, an eastward-extended monsoon trough leads to the rapid growth of eddy kinetic energy over the eastern part of WNP, which is favorable for tropical cyclogenesis;but during the years of weak CEF, the monsoon trough is located westward in the western part of the WNP, consistent with the growth area of eddy kinetic energy. As a result, there are fewer TC geneses over the eastern part of ***, the abrupt strengthening of a close-by CEF 2-4 days before tropical cyclogenesis may be the one of its triggers.

关键词： tropical cyclogenesis statistical analysis cross-equatorial flow western North Pacific barotropic energy conversion

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Modulation by the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation of the intensity of the interannual seesaw between the Somali and Australian cross-equatorial flows

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Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters 2017年第4期10卷 306-311页

作者： LI Shuanglin CHEN Ying LI Chen College of Atmospheric Sciences Chengdu University of Information and Technology Climate Change Research Center and Nansen-Zhu International Research Centre Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Earth Science University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

The decadal variation of the intensity of the interannual opposite connection （seesaw） between the Somali and Australian cross-equatorial flows （CEFs） is investigated. During the period prior to the mid-1960s, and after the early-2000s, the intensity of the interannual seesaw connection is significantly weaker relative to the period between. Such interdecadal shifts in the interannual seesaw intensity bear a resemblance to the decadal shift in ENSO＇s strength, and can be further attributed to the phase transition of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation （AMO）. When the AMO is in a positive phase, the ENSO amplitude reduces and the seesaw strength becomes weakened, and vice *** historical simulation outputs of the CMIP5 models are used to verify the connection, and a similar result was obtained. Thus, the notion that the intensity of the interannual opposite connection （seesaw） between the CEFs is modulated by the AMO is robust.

关键词： cross-equatorial flow ENSO Atlantic MultidecadalOscillation East Asiansummer rainfall

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Relationship between cross-equatorial flows over the Bay of Bengal and Australia in boreal summer:Role of tropical diabatic heating

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Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters 2022年第2期15卷 1-6页

作者： Xuelei Jiang Yuanyuan Guo Zhiping Wen Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences&Institute of Atmospheric Sciences Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina Innovation Center of Ocean and Atmosphere System Zhuhai Fudan Innovation Research InstituteZhuhaiChina Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Climate Change NanjingChina

The interannual variability of cross-equatorial flows(CEFs)over the Asian–Australian monsoon(AAM)region during boreal summer was analyzed by applying the empirical orthogonal function(EOF)method to the meridional wind at 925 h *** first mode(EOF1)exhibits an in-phase relationship among different CEF channels over the AAM region,which has received much attention owing to its tight linkage with *** contrast,the second mode(EOF2)possesses an out-of-phase relationship between the Bay of Bengal(BOB)CEF(90°E)and Australian CEF,among which the New Guinea CEF near 150°E shows the most significant opposite correlation with the BOB *** and numerical model results suggest that the equatorially asymmetric heat source(sink)over the western(eastern)Maritime Continent,closely associated with the in-situ sea surface temperature anomaly,can induce cross-equatorial northerly(southerly)flow into the heating hemisphere,which dominates the out-of-phase relationship between the BOB and New Guinea ***,an equatorially symmetric heating over the central Pacific may indirectly change the CEFs by modulating the zonal atmospheric circulation near the Maritime Continent.

关键词： cross-equatorial flow equatorially asymmetric diabatic heating Linear baroclinic model

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CLIMATOLOGICAL VARIATION OF GLOBAL cross-equatorial flowS FOR THE PERIOD 1948-2004

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Journal of Tropical Meteorology 2007年第2期13卷 201-204页

作者：施能封国林顾骏强谷德军余锦华 Key Laboratory of Meteorology Disaster and Environment Variation Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Oceanic Meteorology Guangzhou 510080 China Key Laboratory of National Meteorological Bureau Climate Research Center Zhejiang Meteorological Science Research Institute Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Oceanic Meteorology

By using monthly NCEP/NCAR meridional gridpoint wind data at the levels of 1000, 850, 700, 600, 500, 400, 300, 200, 150 and 100 hPa from 1948 to 2004, the intensity of global cross-equatorial flows is calculated. The spatial and temporal variation of global cross-equatorial flows at the 850-hPa level are shown and discussed. The results show that the strength of the 850-hPa global cross-equatorial flows represent obvious long-term variation and interdecadal change during the period. Evidence suggests that the cross-equatorial flow of the passages at 45 - 50 °E in June to August, 105 - 115 °E in May to September, 130 - 140 °E in May to September and May to November and 20 - 25 °E in February to April intensified and that the cross-equatorial flow of the passages at 50 - 35 °W in June to August weaken in the past 57 years, with an increase of 0.25m/s/10a for summer Somali Jet and increase of 0.32 m/s/10a for cross- equatorial flow at 130 - 140 °E in May to September The results of Singular Spectrum Analysis （SSA） for the time series indicate that for the cross-equatorial flow at 850 hPa, the interdecadal and long-term trend changes are 35% - 45%, and the interarmual variation is no more than 30%, in variance contribution. The results also reveal that the interarmual variation of intensity of the summer cross-equatorial flows in the Pacific is significantly correlated with Southern Oscillation. With weak Southern Oscillation, strong crossequatorial flows in Pacific will happen, though the summer Somali Jet is only a little positively correlated with North Atlantic Oscillation （NAO）.

关键词： cross-equatorial flow climatic change tendency change Singular Spectrum Analysis SouthernOscillation

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Modulation of Low-Latitude West Wind on Abnormal Track and Intensity of Tropical Cyclone Nargis (2008) in the Bay of Bengal

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2012年第2期29卷 407-421页

作者： LI Wei-Wei WANG Chunzai WANG Dongxiao YANG Lei DENG Yi State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography South China Sea Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of ScienceGuangzhou 510301 NOAA/Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory MiamiFloridaUSA

Tropical cyclone （TC） Nargis （2008） made landfall in Myanmar on 02 May 2008, bringing a storm surge, major flooding, and resulting in a significant death toll. TC Nargis （2008） displayed abnormal features, including rare eastward motion in its late stage, rapid intensification before landing. Using reanalysis data and a numerical model, we investigated how a low-latitude westerly wind modulated TC Nargis’ （2008） track and provided favorable atmospheric conditions for its rapid intensification. More importantly, we found a possible counterbalance effect of flows from the two hemispheres on the TC track in the Bay of Bengal. Our analysis indicates that a strong westerly wind burst across the Bay of Bengal, resulting in TC Nargis’ （2008） eastward movement after its recurvature. This sudden enhancement of westerly wind was mainly due to the rapidly intensified mid-level cross-equatorial flow. Our results show that a high-pressure system in the Southern Hemisphere induced this strong, mid-level, cross-equatorial flow. During the rapid intensification period of TC Nargis （2008）, this strong and broad westerly wind also transported a large amount of water vapor to TC Nargis （2008）. Sufficient water vapor gave rise to continuously high and increased mid-level relative humidity, which was favorable to TC Nargis’ （2008） intensification. Condensation of water vapor increased the energy supply, which eventuated the intensification of TC Nargis （2008） to a category 4 on the Saffir-Simpson scale.

关键词： TC Nargis (2008) tropical cyclone westerly wind cross-equatorial flow Bay of Bengal

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CONNECTION OF THE SOUTH CHINA SEA SUMMER MONSOON TO MARITIME CONTINENT CONVECTION AND ENSO

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Journal of Tropical Meteorology 2010年第1期16卷 1-9页

作者：谷德军李天明纪忠萍郑彬 Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology and Key Open Laboratory for Tropical MonsoonChina Meteorological Administration International Pacific Research Center and Department of MeteorologyUniversity of Hawaii at Manoa Guangzhou Central Meteorological Observatory

The relationship between the intensity of the South China Sea summer monsoon （SCSSM） and the Nino3.4 index and anomalous atmospheric circulation patterns associated with a strong and weak SCSSM are investigated using the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data, Extended Reconstructed Sea Surface Temperature （ERSST） data and Climate Prediction Center Merged Analysis of Precipitation （CMAP） data. The SCSSM is significantly positively correlated with the Nino3.4 index in the succeeding northern autumn and winter. In the strong minus weak SCSSM composite, a positive East Asia-Pacific teleconnection （EAP） pattern and a negative Europe-Asian-Pacific teleconnection （EUP） pattern appear in the 500 hPa height difference field; low-level cross-equatorial flows are strengthened over the Maritime Continent （MC） region; positive （negative） precipitation anomalies occur in the South China Sea and western north Pacific （MC）. A possible mechanism through which SCSSM affects ENSO is proposed. A strong （weak） SCSSM strengthens （weakens） cross-equatorial flows over the MC. The anomalous cross-equatorial flows cool （warm） the SST around the MC through enhanced （reduced） surface latent heat fluxes. The cooling （warming） further leads to suppressed （enhanced） convection over the MC, and causes the anomalous westerly （easterly） in the equatorial western Pacific, which favors the onset of E1 Nino （La Nina） through modulating the positive air-sea feedback process.

关键词： South China Sea summer monsoon cross-equatorial flow Maritime Continent anomalous westerly: ENSO

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SOUTHWEST MONSOON SURGE AND ITS WEATHER IMPACT

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Journal of Tropical Meteorology 2007年第1期13卷 41-44页

作者：方翔郑新江朱福康李云李曾中 School of Physics Peking University National Satellite Meteorological Center CMABeijing 100081 China Beijing 100081 China Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology CMA Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences National Satellite Meteorological Center CMABeijing 100081 China

The sustained rainfall process on May 13-22, 2004 was one of the pre-summcr rainy periods in the south of China. It was related with the genesis and development ofa SW monsoon surge over the Bay of Bengal. From the synoptic analysis it is found that the genesis and development of the SW monsoon surge may be dividod approximately into the initial, developing and decaying stages. During the rainfall the Southern Hemisphere cross-equatorial flow over the Indian Ocean plays a triggering role.

关键词： yearly-first rainy period in South China SW monsoon surge cross-equatorial flow

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