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Nosocomial infection and spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection among hospital staff,patients and caregivers

World Journal of Clinical Cases 2022年第34期10卷 12559-12565页

作者： Chih-Chien Cheng Li-Yun Fann Yi-Chang Chou Chia-Chen Liu Hsiao-Yun Hu Dachen Chu Department of Education and Research Taipei City HospitalTaipei 116009Taiwan Department of Nursing Taipei City HospitalTaipei 106243Taiwan Department of Education and Research Taipei City HospitalTaipei 106109Taiwan School of Medicine College of MedicineFu Jen Catholic UniversityTaipei 106109Taiwan

BACKGROUND There are difficulties in diagnosing nosocomial transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2) infection in hospital settings. Furthermore, mortality of cases of nosocomial infection(NI) with SARS-CoV-2 is higher than that of the general infected population. In the early stage of the pandemic in Taiwan, as patients were not tested for SARS-CoV-2 at admission, NIs often go undetected. Strictly applying the systematic polymerase chain reaction(PCR) screening, as a standard infection control measure was subsequently implemented to reduce NI incidence. However, evidence on risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 NIs among healthcare workers(HCWs) and caregivers is *** To assess NI incidence of SARS-CoV-2 among hospital staff, hospitalized patients, and caregivers, and the transmission routes of clusters of *** This descriptive retrospective analysis at our hospital from May 15 to August 15, 2021 included data on 132 SARS-CoV-2 NIs cases among hospital staff, inpatients, and caregivers who previously tested negative but subsequently identified with a positive SARS-CoV-2 reverse transcriptase-PCR(RT-PCR) test results, or a hospital staff who tested positive following routine SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR test. Chi-square tests were performed to compare the differences between hospital staff and private caregivers, and between clusters and sporadic *** Overall, 9149 patients and 2005 hospital staff members underwent routine SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR testing, resulting in 12 confirmed cluster and 23 sporadic infections. Among the index cases of the clusters, three(25%) cases were among hospital staff and nine(75%) cases were among other contacts. Among sporadic infections, 21(91%) cases were among hospital staff and two(9%) cases were among other contacts(P infections per cluster. The secondary cases of cluster infection were inpatients(45%), hospital staff(30%), and caregivers(25%). Private

关键词： COVID-19 SARS CoV-2 cross infection Incidence Retrospective studies infection control

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Severe COVID-19 after liver transplantation, surviving the pitfalls of learning on-the-go: Three case reports

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World Journal of Hepatology 2020年第10期12卷 870-879页

作者： Felipe Alconchel Pedro A Cascales-Campos Jose A Pons María Martínez Josefa Valiente-Campos Urszula Gajownik María L Ortiz Laura Martínez-Alarcón Pascual Parrilla Ricardo Robles Francisco Sánchez-Bueno Santiago Moreno Pablo Ramírez Department of Surgery and Organ Transplantation Virgen de la Arrixaca University HospitalMurcia 30120Spain Department of Digestive Endocrine and Abdominal Surgery and TransplantationBiomedical Research Institute of Murcia(IMIBVirgen de la Arrixaca)Murcia 30120Spain Department of Hepatology Virgen de la Arrixaca University HospitalMurcia 30120Spain Department of Intensive Care Unit Virgen de la Arrixaca University HospitalMurcia 30120Spain Department of Infectious Diseases Ramon y Cajal HospitalMadrid 28034Spain

BACKGROUND The novel coronavirus 2019(COVID-19)pandemic has dramatically transformed the care of the liver transplant *** patients who are immunosuppressed and with multiple comorbidities,severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)infection has been associated with increased severity and *** main objective of this report is to communicate our experience in the therapeutic management of SARS-CoV-2 infection in 3 liver transplant ***,we stress the management and investigation of the contagious spreading into a liver transplant *** SUMMARY The patients were two women(aged 61 years and 62 years)and one man(aged 68 years),all of them having recently received a liver *** three patients required intensive care unit admission and invasive mechanical *** of them progressed severely until *** other one,who received tocilizumab,had a good *** the outbreak,the wife of one of the patients and four healthcare professionals involved in their care were also *** We illustrate in detail the evolution of a nosocomial COVID-19 outbreak in a liver transplant *** believe that these findings will contribute to a better understanding of the natural history of the disease and will improve the treatment of the liver transplant patient with COVID-19.

关键词： Liver transplantation COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 cross infection Nosocomial infection Case report

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RAPID MOLECULAR DETECTION OF METHICILLIN -RESISTANT *** IN THE INTENSIVE CARE UNIT

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Academic Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University 2000年第2期12卷 132-134页

作者：熊咏民 Institute of Endemic Diseases Med. Coll. of Xi'an Jiaotong Univ. Xi'an 710061 China

［1］Daniel JG, James RU, Cynthia A G, et al. Multiplex PCR for identification of methicillin-resistant staphylo-cocci in the clinical laboratory [J]. J Clin Microbiol,1994,32(7):1768［2］Chambers HF ,Sachdeva M. Binding of β-lactam antibi-otics to penicillin-binding proteins in methicillin-resis-tant staphylococcus aureus [J]. J Infect Dis, 1990,161:1170［3］Towner KJ,Talbot DC,Curran R, et al. Development and evaluation of a PCR-based immunoassay for the rapid detection of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus[J]. J Med Microbiol, 1998,47 :607［4］Murakami KW, Minamide KW,Nakamura E, et al. I-dentification of methicillin-resistant strains of staphylo-cocci by polymerase chain reaction[J]. J Clin Microbiol,1991,29:2240［5］Hulimann-Dalel RL,Ryffel C, Kayser F H, et al. Sur-vey of the methicillin resistant -associated genes mecA,mecRI-mecI,and femA-femB in clinical isolates of me-thicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus[J]. Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 1992,36: 2617［6］Kopp U,Roos M ,Weck J, et al. Staphylococcal peptido-glycan interpeptide bridge biosynthesis: a novel anti-staphylococcal target[J]? Microb Drug Resist, 1996,2:29［7］Rychlik W, Spencer WJ,Rhoads R E. Optimization of the annealing temperature for DNA amplification in vitro [J]. Nucleic Acids Res, 1990,18 :

关键词： polymerase chain reaction(PCR) gene staphylococcus aureus cross infection

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Changes in biochemical parameters on the first day after kidney transplantation： risk factors for nosocomial infection？

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Chinese Medical Journal 2010年第5期123卷 563-568页

作者： YANG Yi REN Liang ZHANG Yong LIU Hang CAO Bin ZHANG Xiao-dong Department of Urology Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing 100020 China Department of Infectious Disease Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing 100020 China

Background Nosocomial infection in early post-transplantation period is a tough problem for kidney transplantation. Few reports have explored the relations between biochemical parameters and nosocomial infection in kidney transplantation. This retrospective study was carried out to describe the characteristics of nosocomial infection in the very early period of kidney transplantation and to determine the risk factors in biochemical parameters and their alterations. Methods Patients who underwent their first kidney transplantation from January 2001 to March 2009 in Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital were recruited and the nosocomial infectious episodes were collected for this study. Gender, age, donor type, delayed graft function （DGF） and biochemical parameters such as serum uric acid, lipids files and albumin on day 0 （before transplantation） and day 1 （24 hours after transplantation） and their changes were analyzed with Logistic regression models for nosocomial infection. Results A total of 405 patients （315 men and 90 women） were involved in this study. There were 80 patients experiencing 113 infection episodes and 105 strains of microorganism were indentified. In univariate analysis, there were significant differences in DGF, albumin on day 0, lipoprotein （a）（Lp（a）） on day 1, change in low density lipoprotein-cholesterol （LDL-C, day 1-day 0） and change in uric acid （day 1-day 0） between nosocomial infection patients and noninfectious patients （P 〈0.05）. In multivariate analysis, change in uric acid （day 1-day 0）（OR 5.139, 95% CI 1.176-22.465, P 〈0.05）, change in LDL-C （day 1-day 0）（OR4.179, 95% CI 1.375-12.703, P 〈0.05） and DGF （OR 14.409, 95% CI 1.603-129.522, P 〈0.05） were identified as independent risk factors for nosocomial infection in kidney transplantation. Conclusions Most nosocomial infections in early postoperative period of kidney transplantation are bacterial, especially with Gram-negative bacteria. The most common infection sites are respiratory tract, u

关键词： delayed graft function cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cross infection kidney transplantation uric acid

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Health 2020年第10期12卷 1360-1370页

作者： Lucas Lima de Carvalho Lucas Rodrigues Claro Amanda dos Santos Cabral Marcela Pereira da Silva Mello Bruna Liane Passos Lucas Marcelly Valadares Souza Simone Fonseca Lucas Alexandre Oliveira Tellles Ravini Fernandez dos Santos Vieira dos Santos Marcia Augusta Pereira dos Santos Claudia Lima Campos Alzuguir Maria Cristina Dias da Silva Antonio Eduardo Vieira dos Santos Maria Antonieta Rubio Tyrrell Eduardo Alexander Júlio César Fonseca Lucas Anna Nery School of Nursing Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil Celso Lisboa University Center Rio de Janeiro Brazil State Secretariat of Education of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil Department of Medicine in Primary Health Care Faculty of Medicine Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil Department of Maternal and Child Nursing Faculty of Nursing State University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil Department of Maternal-Child Nursing Faculty of Nursing Fernandez Figueira Institute of the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation State University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil

This documentary research aimed to describe the results of an epidemiological survey that sought to determine the prevalence of infections Related to Health Care (IRHC) in newborns admitted to a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) at the city of Rio de Janeiro. For methodology, the existing data in the original research database were used as the primary source. The method used was the case study in a quantitative approach. The data have been statistically arranged by odds ratio, which measured the possibility of IRHC development at the 102 newborns, by exposition at the risk factors. Results: IRHC prevalence with pneumonias, sepsis, navel’s infection and ocular infections predominance rises. Prematures are 4.10 more susceptible. Twelve hours after amniotic rupture there are 1.77 more chances of infections. Babies with more than 10 days of hospitalization are 4.70 more susceptible than those with 10 days. The registers examined were incipient at the IRHC’s characterization, beginning and duration, which make the IRHC’s diagnostic/notification difficult.

关键词： Neonatal Nursing cross infection Data Interpretation Statistical

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Epidemiology of Nosocomial Bacteremia Due to Bacteria from the “<i>Burkholderia cepacia</i>Complex” at Libreville University Hospital Center

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Advances in Microbiology 2021年第9期11卷 417-427页

作者： Sévérin Medzegue Nguema Priest Davin Nguema Sophie Aboughe Angone Léonard Kouegnigan Rerambiah Microbiology laboratory Clinical Biology Research Unit Medical Biology Department University Hospital of Libreville Libreville Gabon School of Health Sciences Institute of Higher Studies in Management (IHEM) Libreville Gabon Institute of Pharmacopoeia and Traditional Medicine National Center of Technology and Scientific Research (IPHAMETRA) Libreville Gabon

Introduction: Burkholderia cepacia is a non-fermenting emergent bacterium common in nosocomial infections and can cause life-threatening infections whose multidrug resistance makes them a serious threat in hospitals. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of B. cepacia infections during nosocomial infections at Libreville University teaching hospital. Methodology: In this cross-sectional study, lasting 19 months, 412 blood cultures were analyzed. The BacT/ALERT 3D (Biomerieux, France) was used to detect the positivity of blood culture flasks and the Viteck 2 compact (Biomerieux, France) for the identification of germs and the study of their susceptibility to antibiotics. Results: Our study population consisted of 412 patients. The sex-ratio M/F was 1.06 in favor of the male gender (n = 201, 51%). The age of the patients varied between 0 and 82 years. The bacteremia of B. cepacia mainly affected children under 15 years of age with a prevalence of 7% (n = 28). The pediatric ward was more represented with a frequency of 36% (n = 10). The antibiotic sensitivity profile showed high resistance of 100% for aminoglycosides (amikacin, tobramycin, and gentamycin), tetracycline, beta-lactams (Amoxicillin, Imipenem, Ticarcillin, Cefoxitin and Cefotaxime), and ciprofloxacin. However, four molecules were active on B. cepacia (Levofloxacin 100%, Trimethoprim + sulfamethoxazole 92.3%, ceftazidime 80% and cefepime 35%). Conclusion: Ultimately, infection and multi-resistance due to Burkholderia cepacia calls for a review of hospital hygiene in the pediatric ward and a review of antibiotic therapy in young children.

关键词： cross infection Burkholderia cepacia Bacteremia Blood Culture Test Libreville University Hospital Center

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The risk factors of nosocomial infection in severe craniocerebral trauma

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Chinese Journal of Traumatology 2003年第1期6卷 28-31页

作者：杨振铭李亚松 DepartmentofNeurosurgery

Objective: To explore the risk factors of nosocomial infection in severe craniocerebral trauma and the way of ***: The clinical data of 387 patients with severe craniocerebral trauma were ***: The total nosocomial infection rate of this study was 22.99 %. Pulmonary nosocomial infection presented most frequently. The G bacilli were the most common infectious bacteria. The mortality rate of the infection group was 38.20 %.Conclusions: Complications of nosocomial infection affect the prognosis of craniocerebral trauma patients. Nosocomial infection is related to the age of the patients, craniocerebral trauma severity, unreasonable utilization of antibiotics and invasive operations, such as tracheal cannula, mechanical ventilation, urethral catheterization and deep venous catheterization. Patients with severe craniocerebral trauma should be carefully treated and nursed to avoid nosocomial infection. In order to reduce the rate of nosocomial infection, intensive measurement should be adopted.

关键词： cross infection Risk factors Severe craniocerebral injuries

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